以赤泥为铁源制备高铁酸盐溶液及其处理湖泊水的试验研究
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摘要
高铁酸钾是一种集氧化、吸附、絮凝、杀菌、除臭等功能为一体的环境友好型多功能水处理剂,具有良好的发展前景。由于高铁酸钾存在制备工艺复杂、生产成本高,稳定性差等缺点,至今没有实现商业化。
本文采用赤泥为铁源,次氯酸盐氧化法制备高铁酸钠,分析了制备高铁酸钠过程中反应时间、反应温度、反应物添加量等影响因素,在制备得到高铁酸钠溶液的基础上,制备高铁酸钾固体,对其进行表征,并分析了有关高铁酸盐的稳定性。得到如下结果:(1)在水浴加热60℃下反应35min,NaOH和NaClO过量30%时,制备的高铁酸钠溶液中高铁酸根离子达到最大值为2.78×103mg/L;(2)对制备的高铁酸钠溶液用饱和的KOH进行结晶处理,经过两次结晶后高铁酸钾固体纯度为93.56%;(3)对样品进行紫外扫描,其在508nm处出现最大吸收峰,结合XRD检测结果,表明制备的样品为高铁酸钾;(4)研究了温度、pH值、溶剂及保存容器等对高铁酸盐稳定性的影响,在相同的制备和保存条件下,用赤泥和三氯化铁两种铁源制备的高铁酸钠溶液放置8d后,发现用赤泥为铁源制备的高铁酸钠溶液稳定性较好。
随着湖泊水水体的富营养化,导致湖泊水中藻类大量繁殖,使湖泊水水质恶化。本文以开封龙亭湖水为对象,采用自制的高铁酸钠溶液(CFeO42-=0.102×103mg/L)对水样进行处理,结果表明:当加入6ml自制的高铁酸钠溶液和30mg的硫酸铝时,藻类、浊度、氨氮、COD的去除率分别为88.64%、87.1%、82.59%、83.56%。
以上研究表明用赤泥为铁原料制备高铁酸盐,把赤泥变废为宝是完全可行的,有利于扩展赤泥的利用空间。同时高铁酸钠溶液处理湖泊水得到良好的试验效果,为高铁酸盐的推广使用提供了依据。
Potassium ferrate (VI) is an environmental-friendly agent and has a good prospect for application in water and wastewater treatment because of its strong oxidation, quick adsorption and flocculation, vigorous sterilization and deodorization ability. It is now, however, can not been produced and applied on large scale due to the complicated preparing processes, high cost of the product and unstable in the air environment, etc.
In this article, sodium ferrate solution was prepared with hypochlorite-oxidation method using red mud as iron sources. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, amounts of reactants on the preparation of ferrate were studied. On the basis of prepared sodium ferrate solution, solid potassium ferrate was prepared and the stability of ferrate was also characterized in this study. It can be found that: (1) the concentration of FeO42-was 2.78×10~3mg/L at the optimal condition when the weight of red mud is 60g, sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite was 30% excessive, the temperature was controlled to be 60°C with water bath and the reaction time is settled to be 35min. (2) sodium ferrate solution was placed in a saturated solution of KOH and made them crystallize,it could get the solid potassium ferrate,when the solid potassium ferrate was recrystallized,The purity of the production was found to be 93.56%. (3) Potassium ferrate solution possesses a maximum absorption at the wavelength of 508nm by ultraviolet spectrum. So the obtained product could be proved to be potassium ferrate, which was further confirmed by the x-ray diffraction (XRD) test. (4) Several factors affecting the stability of ferrate such as temperature, pH values, solvents and quality of containers were studied in the paper. Under the same condition of preparation and preservation, stability of sodium ferrate obtained with red mud is better than that with ferric trichloride as iron sources after eight days.
Eutrophication occurs more and more popular in lake water bodies, which leads to algal blooms and thus the permanently degraded of water quality. Longting lake water of kaifeng was collected and treated by sodium ferrate in this study. The experimental results show that when 6ml of sodium ferrate and 30mg/L aluminum sulfate was added to the lake water, the removal rate of algae, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen and COD could reach to 88.64%, 87.1%, 82.59% and 83.56%, respectively.
Accordingly, it is completely feasible to prepare ferrate using red mud as iron sources. It not only extends the options of iron sources to prepared ferrate, but also turns waste of red mud into treasure. And the sodium ferrate solution can treat lakes water effectively, which provides a way to make use of ferrate.
本文采用赤泥为铁源,次氯酸盐氧化法制备高铁酸钠,分析了制备高铁酸钠过程中反应时间、反应温度、反应物添加量等影响因素,在制备得到高铁酸钠溶液的基础上,制备高铁酸钾固体,对其进行表征,并分析了有关高铁酸盐的稳定性。得到如下结果:(1)在水浴加热60℃下反应35min,NaOH和NaClO过量30%时,制备的高铁酸钠溶液中高铁酸根离子达到最大值为2.78×103mg/L;(2)对制备的高铁酸钠溶液用饱和的KOH进行结晶处理,经过两次结晶后高铁酸钾固体纯度为93.56%;(3)对样品进行紫外扫描,其在508nm处出现最大吸收峰,结合XRD检测结果,表明制备的样品为高铁酸钾;(4)研究了温度、pH值、溶剂及保存容器等对高铁酸盐稳定性的影响,在相同的制备和保存条件下,用赤泥和三氯化铁两种铁源制备的高铁酸钠溶液放置8d后,发现用赤泥为铁源制备的高铁酸钠溶液稳定性较好。
随着湖泊水水体的富营养化,导致湖泊水中藻类大量繁殖,使湖泊水水质恶化。本文以开封龙亭湖水为对象,采用自制的高铁酸钠溶液(CFeO42-=0.102×103mg/L)对水样进行处理,结果表明:当加入6ml自制的高铁酸钠溶液和30mg的硫酸铝时,藻类、浊度、氨氮、COD的去除率分别为88.64%、87.1%、82.59%、83.56%。
以上研究表明用赤泥为铁原料制备高铁酸盐,把赤泥变废为宝是完全可行的,有利于扩展赤泥的利用空间。同时高铁酸钠溶液处理湖泊水得到良好的试验效果,为高铁酸盐的推广使用提供了依据。
Potassium ferrate (VI) is an environmental-friendly agent and has a good prospect for application in water and wastewater treatment because of its strong oxidation, quick adsorption and flocculation, vigorous sterilization and deodorization ability. It is now, however, can not been produced and applied on large scale due to the complicated preparing processes, high cost of the product and unstable in the air environment, etc.
In this article, sodium ferrate solution was prepared with hypochlorite-oxidation method using red mud as iron sources. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, amounts of reactants on the preparation of ferrate were studied. On the basis of prepared sodium ferrate solution, solid potassium ferrate was prepared and the stability of ferrate was also characterized in this study. It can be found that: (1) the concentration of FeO42-was 2.78×10~3mg/L at the optimal condition when the weight of red mud is 60g, sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite was 30% excessive, the temperature was controlled to be 60°C with water bath and the reaction time is settled to be 35min. (2) sodium ferrate solution was placed in a saturated solution of KOH and made them crystallize,it could get the solid potassium ferrate,when the solid potassium ferrate was recrystallized,The purity of the production was found to be 93.56%. (3) Potassium ferrate solution possesses a maximum absorption at the wavelength of 508nm by ultraviolet spectrum. So the obtained product could be proved to be potassium ferrate, which was further confirmed by the x-ray diffraction (XRD) test. (4) Several factors affecting the stability of ferrate such as temperature, pH values, solvents and quality of containers were studied in the paper. Under the same condition of preparation and preservation, stability of sodium ferrate obtained with red mud is better than that with ferric trichloride as iron sources after eight days.
Eutrophication occurs more and more popular in lake water bodies, which leads to algal blooms and thus the permanently degraded of water quality. Longting lake water of kaifeng was collected and treated by sodium ferrate in this study. The experimental results show that when 6ml of sodium ferrate and 30mg/L aluminum sulfate was added to the lake water, the removal rate of algae, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen and COD could reach to 88.64%, 87.1%, 82.59% and 83.56%, respectively.
Accordingly, it is completely feasible to prepare ferrate using red mud as iron sources. It not only extends the options of iron sources to prepared ferrate, but also turns waste of red mud into treasure. And the sodium ferrate solution can treat lakes water effectively, which provides a way to make use of ferrate.
引文
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