工频电源供电低速大转矩永磁同步电动机的设计与分析
摘要
在诸如电梯曳引机、石油机械、大型机床、矿山机械等大型机械装备中,通常由笨重的机体、多级齿轮减速机构,才能将异步电动机从电网电能转换的机械能传动到负载完成做功。取消机械减速机,由低速大转矩永磁同步电动机直接驱动,从根本上克服了减速机带来的各种弊端。开发应用于无齿轮传动系统的低速大转矩永磁同步电动机是当前十分有意义的一项工作。本论文主要开展了以下几个方面的工作:
首先,从电机的电磁设计入手,由于该电机为工频电源供电,不能采用变频器控制电机的起动,所以电机设计的重点在于如何去增大电机的起动转矩并减小起动电流来保证电机能够正常起动,并得到优异的电机性能参数。结合实际问题,参考普通异步起动永磁同步电动机电磁设计,对本设计中的矿山磨粉机用低速大转矩永磁同步电动机的参数进行了手工计算;分析了异步起动永磁同步电动机的设计共性,并针对多极低速电机的特性进行了大胆的设计尝试。
其次,利用MATLAB程序语言,将手工计算的过程编制成为电机设计CAD程序,使用了拟合和插值等多种数值计算方法,使得计算的过程更加的方便,快捷,充分发挥了计算机的特点,使之能够用来指导电机设计方案的快速优化和不断的改进。
然后,根据低速大转矩永磁同步电动机的数学模型进行了编程,对电机的起动过程进行了基于MATLAB程序语言的仿真。通过仿真,对起动过程中电机参数变化对起动工况的影响进行了一定的分析,分析的结果将用于指导电机的参数的优化设计。
应用MATLAB语言的起动过程仿真,由于是基于数学模型的仿真,忽略了一些非线性因素,包括电机饱和等一些常见问题,造成的实验结果失真,很难准确计算电机的瞬态参数。解决这一问题的有效途径是采用有限元分析法。论文最后采用了AnsoftMaxwell电磁分析软件,通过基于场路耦合的计算方法,可以尽乎精确地计算电机瞬态性能参数,并通过不断地调整设计值,得到一个相对满意的电磁设计方案。
In some machines,such as elevator traction machines,petroleum machines,large machine tools,mining machinery and lifting machinery,the mechanical energy which is transferred from electric network is transmitted to the load to finish doing work by the middle part consisted of large body,multistage reduction gears mechanism and drive mechanism,which are made of many iron and steel materials in manufacture.Instead of mechanical reductors,low speed and high torque PMSM are used for driving directly.The various disadvantages will be overcome fundamentally.Therefore,the development of low speed and high torque PMSM for gearless drive system has become one of the currently significant tasks.Based on this thinking,the paper presents following several aspects of the work:
At first,this design is normal power supply;don't make use of frequency converter. How to increase the motor starting torque and decrease starting current to ensure motor in working order is the emphasis of design.With this issue,reference asynchronous starting PMSM electromagnetism design to calculate mining machinery parameters.Analyze asynchronous starting PMSM's design features and try to make a reasonable electromagnetism design base on the features of multipolar line-start PMSM.
Secondly,make use of MATLAB tum the manual calculation into the computer programs.Make the design process more convenient,faster and make the best of computer's characteristics by the methods of image interpolation and curve fit.The CAD program can be used to optimize the electromagnetism design schemes and improve the design precision rapidly.
Then,study the motor's starting simulation process.The starting process of the motor is simulated according to its mathematical model of low-speed and high-torque PMSM in the d-q-0 coordinate base on MATLAB.By simulation,the factors affect starting performances of motor are presented.It can be used to optimize performance indexes and starting characteristic.
Base on the mathematical model,MATLAB is applied in the simulation of starting process.Some nonlinear factors including saturation etc.are neglected.So,it's hard to calculate the transient parameters accurately with experiment distortion.Base on a large amount of numerical calculation,the FEM is an effective means to solve these problems. The commercial electromagnetic analysis software package Ansoft Maxwell has been used for magnetic field analysis,allowing nonlinear material properties and structural details to be considered.The transient parameters of the motor under rated load can be calculated by FEM base on the field-circuit coupled method.The reasonable electromagnetism design scheme comes true by adjusting the design value continuously.
首先,从电机的电磁设计入手,由于该电机为工频电源供电,不能采用变频器控制电机的起动,所以电机设计的重点在于如何去增大电机的起动转矩并减小起动电流来保证电机能够正常起动,并得到优异的电机性能参数。结合实际问题,参考普通异步起动永磁同步电动机电磁设计,对本设计中的矿山磨粉机用低速大转矩永磁同步电动机的参数进行了手工计算;分析了异步起动永磁同步电动机的设计共性,并针对多极低速电机的特性进行了大胆的设计尝试。
其次,利用MATLAB程序语言,将手工计算的过程编制成为电机设计CAD程序,使用了拟合和插值等多种数值计算方法,使得计算的过程更加的方便,快捷,充分发挥了计算机的特点,使之能够用来指导电机设计方案的快速优化和不断的改进。
然后,根据低速大转矩永磁同步电动机的数学模型进行了编程,对电机的起动过程进行了基于MATLAB程序语言的仿真。通过仿真,对起动过程中电机参数变化对起动工况的影响进行了一定的分析,分析的结果将用于指导电机的参数的优化设计。
应用MATLAB语言的起动过程仿真,由于是基于数学模型的仿真,忽略了一些非线性因素,包括电机饱和等一些常见问题,造成的实验结果失真,很难准确计算电机的瞬态参数。解决这一问题的有效途径是采用有限元分析法。论文最后采用了AnsoftMaxwell电磁分析软件,通过基于场路耦合的计算方法,可以尽乎精确地计算电机瞬态性能参数,并通过不断地调整设计值,得到一个相对满意的电磁设计方案。
In some machines,such as elevator traction machines,petroleum machines,large machine tools,mining machinery and lifting machinery,the mechanical energy which is transferred from electric network is transmitted to the load to finish doing work by the middle part consisted of large body,multistage reduction gears mechanism and drive mechanism,which are made of many iron and steel materials in manufacture.Instead of mechanical reductors,low speed and high torque PMSM are used for driving directly.The various disadvantages will be overcome fundamentally.Therefore,the development of low speed and high torque PMSM for gearless drive system has become one of the currently significant tasks.Based on this thinking,the paper presents following several aspects of the work:
At first,this design is normal power supply;don't make use of frequency converter. How to increase the motor starting torque and decrease starting current to ensure motor in working order is the emphasis of design.With this issue,reference asynchronous starting PMSM electromagnetism design to calculate mining machinery parameters.Analyze asynchronous starting PMSM's design features and try to make a reasonable electromagnetism design base on the features of multipolar line-start PMSM.
Secondly,make use of MATLAB tum the manual calculation into the computer programs.Make the design process more convenient,faster and make the best of computer's characteristics by the methods of image interpolation and curve fit.The CAD program can be used to optimize the electromagnetism design schemes and improve the design precision rapidly.
Then,study the motor's starting simulation process.The starting process of the motor is simulated according to its mathematical model of low-speed and high-torque PMSM in the d-q-0 coordinate base on MATLAB.By simulation,the factors affect starting performances of motor are presented.It can be used to optimize performance indexes and starting characteristic.
Base on the mathematical model,MATLAB is applied in the simulation of starting process.Some nonlinear factors including saturation etc.are neglected.So,it's hard to calculate the transient parameters accurately with experiment distortion.Base on a large amount of numerical calculation,the FEM is an effective means to solve these problems. The commercial electromagnetic analysis software package Ansoft Maxwell has been used for magnetic field analysis,allowing nonlinear material properties and structural details to be considered.The transient parameters of the motor under rated load can be calculated by FEM base on the field-circuit coupled method.The reasonable electromagnetism design scheme comes true by adjusting the design value continuously.
引文
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[33]张敏,窦满锋,严静妮.基于直接设计法的稀土永磁同步电动机CAD系统.微特电机,2005(9).
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[3]张炳义,冯桂宏,王凤翔等.SPWM电源供电下低速大扭矩永磁同步电动机设计研究.电工技术学报,2001,(12):85-90.
[4]陈香君.低速大转矩无齿轮传动系统的研究.沈阳工业大学硕士研究生论文,2006.
[5]肖杭,金敏捷,金如麟等.低速永磁同步电动机的设计研究.微特电机,2001,(6):26-28.
[6]唐任远等.现代永磁同步电机理论与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[7]V.B.Honsinger,"Permanent magnet machine:Asynchronous operation," IEEE Trans.Power App.Syst.,vol.99:1503-1509,July,1980.
[8]J.Salo,T.Heikkila,J.Pyrhonen,"New low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous machine with buried magnets," Proceedings of ICEM 2000,28-30 August,2000,Espoo,Finland:1246-1250.
[9]P.Lampola,P.Saranssri,"Analysis of a multipole,low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous machine," Proceedings of ICEM 2000,28-30 August,2000,Espoo,Finland,vol.2,pp.1251-1255.
[10]T.J.E.Miller,"Synchronization of line-start permanent magnet motors," IEEE Trans.Power App.Syst.:1822-1828,1984.
[11]Zhang Bingyi,Feng Guihong,Wang Fengxiang,Wang Yiquan,Wang Lifeng,et al."Study on Low Speed and High Torque PMSM Design with SPWM Power Supply," Transactions of China electrotechnical society,2001,(6),pp.85-90.
[12]Zhang Bingyi,Feng Guihong,Wang Fengxiang,Wang Yiquan,Wang Lifeng,et al."Optimized Design of Inner Potential Waveform of PMSM for Low-Speed & High-Torque Drive Systems,"Proceedings of PowerCon'2002,vol.2,pp.1204-1209.
[13]Feng Guihong,Wang Lifeng,Zhang Bingyi,Sun Guanggui,Zhao Zhongxian,"Analysis of magnetic field for low speed and high torque permanent magnet synchronous machine,"Proceedings of ICEMS'2003,vol.2,pp.778-781.
[14]Miao Feng,Ma Ji,"Arrangement and Connection of Fractional-slot Winding," Explosion-proof electric machine,1999,(4),pp.20-22.
[15]黄海宏,王海欣.多极永磁同步电动机的研究.电气应用,2005,24(1):89-91.
[16]P.Lampola,P.Saranssri.Analysis of a multi pole low-speed permanent magnet synchronous machine.Proceedings of ICEM 2000:1251-1255.
[17]赵强,赵争鸣,高徐娇.永磁电机中永磁体尺寸优化设计.电机电器技术,2001,(3):2-5.
[18]陈世坤.电机设计.机械工业出版社,2000,9-19.
[19]刘洪斌.低速大转矩永磁同步电动机设计及其CAD研究.沈阳工业大学硕士研究生论文,2006.
[20]Chris French,Paul Acrnley,Directly Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Drives[J]IEEE Trans.on IA,1996,32(5):1080-1088.
[21]L.Zhong,M.F.Rahman,W.YHu,etal.Analysis of Direct Torque Control in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives[J],IEEE Trans.on P.E,1997,12(3):528-535.
[22]梁华,李训铭,严登俊.稀土永磁同步电机优化设计分析.南京理工大学学报,2002,2(6):138-143.
[23]Zhu Renfeng,Mastering Matlab 7.Tsinghua University Press,2006.
[24]李维波.MATLAB在电气工程中的应用.中国电力出版社.2006.
[25]梁华.稀土永磁同步电动机CAD软件开发及其优化设计方法研究.[硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学电气工程学院.
[26]张传林,胡文静.稀土永磁材料的发展及在电机中的应用.微电机,2003,3(1).
[27]Young-Kwan Kim,Jin-Soo Park,Sung-Ho Lee,Deok-Jin Kim.Design of High Torque PM Synchronous Motor for Low Speed Operation.327-23,Gasan-dong,Seoul,Korea.
[28]J.R.Hendershop Jr,and T.J.E.Miller,Design of Brushless Permanent -Magnet Motors.MAGNA PHYSICS PUBLISHING AND CLARENDON PRESS,Oxford.1994.
[29]叶安丽,周渡海,李惠升.对永磁同步电动机在电梯中应用的探讨与分析.电工技术杂志,2003年第6期.
[30]CHLJNG Dae-Woon,RYU Hyung-Min,KANG Seog joo,et al.A new Configuration of Driving System for High Speed Gearless Elevator.Pro.of the Thirty-fourth IAS Annual Meeting,1996.
[31]窦满锋,刘卫国.高效节能稀土永磁同步电机设计技术研究.西北工业大学学报,2004,22(3).
[32]郭勤良,王钊,王群章等.稀土永磁同步电机在抽油机上的应用分析.石油矿场机械,2005,34(2):54-56.
[33]张敏,窦满锋,严静妮.基于直接设计法的稀土永磁同步电动机CAD系统.微特电机,2005(9).
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