高速电机功率转换系统滤波技术的研究
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摘要
本课题是国家自然科学基会重点资助项目“微型燃气轮机—高速发电机分布式发电与能量转换系统研究”(50437010)的部分研究内容。高速电机的体积小、功率密度大和效率高,正在成为电机领域的研究热点之一。高速电动机需要采用高频逆变器供电,而高速发电机输出的是高频交流电,需要通过电力电子功率变换装置,变为用户所需要的恒频恒压交流电。由于高速电机的高频供电,电机的损耗密度较大,而散热又比较困难,解决高速电机的散热是高速电机设计的关键性问题之一。针对功率转换系统中高次谐波电流是高速电机发热的主要原因之一,因此如何抑制高速电机功率转换系统电流谐波是本课题研究的主要内容。
首先,通过对移相变压器的移相原理作了较为全面的综述,在此基础上提出了采用移相电抗器取代移相变压器实现多相整流消除网侧谐波电流的控制方法,通过选择不同的移相角度,可以消除特定次数的谐波电流。重点论述了移相电抗器的谐波抑制原理。对最佳移相角的选取、移相电抗器结构及移相绕组连接方式的设计进行了分析。推导了移相电抗器在多相整流电路中的数学模型与参数计算方法。对具有移相电抗器的六相整流、十二相整流系统进行了仿真和实验,证明了移相电抗器具有较好的谐波抑制效果。
其次,研究了一种高频变频器滤波参数设计方法,分析了变频器调制方式的谐波特性和RLC滤波器的频率特性,研究了滤波器参数的工程设计原则。通过仿真和实验分析证明了其方法的可行性。
最后,分析电压型并联有源电力滤波器的工作原理,利用ip-iq谐波检测法,采用双闭环控制策略,来实现有源电力滤波器在高频下消除谐波的功能。基于SIMULINK构建了有源电力滤波器的仿真模型,对控制方案进行仿真验证。
The thesis is a part of the project-"The distributed high speed generator system driven by micro-turbines and its energy conversion system",which is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.The high speed generator,for its small volume,high efficiency and great power density,is one of the great concerns in electrical engineering. The high-speed generator is actually a generator/motor.During starting,the machine works as a motor to make the micro-turbine starting since the turbine cannot be self-started. When the turbine can output rated power,the machine will finish motoring operation and begins to work as a generator to output electric power.The high frequency output AC power is converted into constant frequency(50Hz) and constant voltage(380V line to line) through the AC/DC/AC output converter.In order to ensure the output AC power quality,a specially designed Line and EMC(electromagnetic compatibility) filter should be used to filter the harmonic components from the output voltage and current of the PWM(pulse width modulation) output converter.The main work of this paper is how to reduce the harmonic generated by high speed generator system.
First of all,the harmonic suppression principle of the phase-shifting transformer specially the phase-shifting rectifier reactor is studied.The selection of optimal phase-shifting angle,structure and connection of phase-shifting windings of the phase-shifting reactor are analyzed.A six-,twelve-phase rectifying system with the phase-shifting reactor is simulated and tested.Both the simulation and the tested results shows that the harmonic suppression of the phase-shifting rectifier reactor is effective.
Secondly,an engineering design method of sinewave filter in high frequency transducer is presented based on harmonic characteristics of commonly used modulation techniques and RLC filter equivalent circuits.Discussed the engineering design principles techniques and RLC filter equivalent circuits.Discussed the engineering design principles of the filter parameters.Simulation and experimental results validate the proposed method.
Finally,the shunt active power filters are studied and built into models.Based on DSP using ip-iq harmonic detecting method,with double-loop control strategy and SHEPEM modulation strategy,it can eliminate high-frequency harmonics used by active power filters(APF).
首先,通过对移相变压器的移相原理作了较为全面的综述,在此基础上提出了采用移相电抗器取代移相变压器实现多相整流消除网侧谐波电流的控制方法,通过选择不同的移相角度,可以消除特定次数的谐波电流。重点论述了移相电抗器的谐波抑制原理。对最佳移相角的选取、移相电抗器结构及移相绕组连接方式的设计进行了分析。推导了移相电抗器在多相整流电路中的数学模型与参数计算方法。对具有移相电抗器的六相整流、十二相整流系统进行了仿真和实验,证明了移相电抗器具有较好的谐波抑制效果。
其次,研究了一种高频变频器滤波参数设计方法,分析了变频器调制方式的谐波特性和RLC滤波器的频率特性,研究了滤波器参数的工程设计原则。通过仿真和实验分析证明了其方法的可行性。
最后,分析电压型并联有源电力滤波器的工作原理,利用ip-iq谐波检测法,采用双闭环控制策略,来实现有源电力滤波器在高频下消除谐波的功能。基于SIMULINK构建了有源电力滤波器的仿真模型,对控制方案进行仿真验证。
The thesis is a part of the project-"The distributed high speed generator system driven by micro-turbines and its energy conversion system",which is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.The high speed generator,for its small volume,high efficiency and great power density,is one of the great concerns in electrical engineering. The high-speed generator is actually a generator/motor.During starting,the machine works as a motor to make the micro-turbine starting since the turbine cannot be self-started. When the turbine can output rated power,the machine will finish motoring operation and begins to work as a generator to output electric power.The high frequency output AC power is converted into constant frequency(50Hz) and constant voltage(380V line to line) through the AC/DC/AC output converter.In order to ensure the output AC power quality,a specially designed Line and EMC(electromagnetic compatibility) filter should be used to filter the harmonic components from the output voltage and current of the PWM(pulse width modulation) output converter.The main work of this paper is how to reduce the harmonic generated by high speed generator system.
First of all,the harmonic suppression principle of the phase-shifting transformer specially the phase-shifting rectifier reactor is studied.The selection of optimal phase-shifting angle,structure and connection of phase-shifting windings of the phase-shifting reactor are analyzed.A six-,twelve-phase rectifying system with the phase-shifting reactor is simulated and tested.Both the simulation and the tested results shows that the harmonic suppression of the phase-shifting rectifier reactor is effective.
Secondly,an engineering design method of sinewave filter in high frequency transducer is presented based on harmonic characteristics of commonly used modulation techniques and RLC filter equivalent circuits.Discussed the engineering design principles techniques and RLC filter equivalent circuits.Discussed the engineering design principles of the filter parameters.Simulation and experimental results validate the proposed method.
Finally,the shunt active power filters are studied and built into models.Based on DSP using ip-iq harmonic detecting method,with double-loop control strategy and SHEPEM modulation strategy,it can eliminate high-frequency harmonics used by active power filters(APF).
引文
[1]吴靖,江昊.分布式发电系统的应用前景.农村电气化.2003(7).
[2]徐建中.分布式供电和冷热电联产的前景.节能与环保.2002,3.
[3]刁正纲.微型燃气轮机走向商业化.燃气轮机技术,2000,13(3):13-14.
[4]赵士杭.新概念的微型燃气轮机的发展.燃气轮机技术,2001,14(2):8-16.
[5]吴靖,江昊.分布式发电系统的应用及前景.农村电气化.2003(7):19-20.
[6]Young-Kwan Kim,Moon-Chang,Kwang-Ha Suh,Yu-Chul Ji and Dae-Sung Wang.High-speed Induction Motor Development for Small.Centrifugal Compressor.InternationalConference on Electrical Machines and Systems,2001.Shenyang:891-894.
[7]Wen L.Soong,Gerald B.Kliman,Roger N.Johnson,Raymond A.White and Joseph E.Miller.Novel High-Speed Induction Motor for a Commercial Centrifugal Compressor.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.2000,36(3):706-712.
[8]Heath Hofmann and Seth R.Sanders.High-Speed Synchronous Reluctance Machine with Minimized Rotor Losses.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.2000,36(2):531-539.
[9]Wang Fengxiang;Bai Haoran;Yu Shufei.A repression method of current harmonics using phase-shifting reactor for high speed generator[C].Ming Cheng,Heyun Lin.Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems(ICEMS'2005).Beijing:International Academic Publishers Word Publishing Corporation,2005,2:978-981.
[10]Ochije K N,Pollock C.A controlled PWM AC/DC converter for a high-speed brushless generator for minimum kVA rating[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2004,40(3):861-868.
[11]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿.机械工业出版社,1999.
[12]Offringa L J J,Duarte J L.A 1600 kW IGBT converter with interphase transformer for high speed gas turbine power plants[C].IEEE-IAS.Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Thirty Fifth Annual Meeting(IEEE-IAS'2000).Roma:IEEE,2000,(CD,ISBN 0-7803-6404-X).
[13]Ochije K N,Pollock C.A controlled PWM AC/DC converter for a high-speed brushless generator for minimum kVA rating[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.2004,40(3):861-868.
[14]王凤翔.高速电机的设计特点及相关技术研究,沈阳工业大学学报,2006,(3).
[15]郑文鹏.高速永磁发电机及其控制系统研究,沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文,2003,41-42.
[16]H.Akagi et al.Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components.IEEE Trans.on IA,vol.20,No.3,May/June 1984:PP.625-630.
[17]周洪亮,杜维。有源电力滤波控制技术的研究及应用。浙江大学博士学位论文,2002,08.4.
[18]詹长江,刘平,基于空间矢量SPWM控制的高频整流器,电力电子技术,1997,(5).
[19]王凤翔(Wang Fengxiang).交流电机的非正弦供电(Nonsinusoidal power supply of AC machines)[M].北京:机械工业出版社(Bejing:China Machinery Industry Press),1997.
[20]Sasaki H,Machida T.A new method to eliminate ac harmonic currents by magnetic compensation consideration on basic design.IEEE Trans Power App & Syst,1971,90(5):2009-2019.
[21]Gyugyi L,Strycula E C.Active ac power filters.In:Proc of IEEE/IAS Annual Meeting,1976:529-535.
[22]Akagi H,Kanazawa Y,Nabae A.Generalized theory of the instantaneous reative power in three-phase circuits,In:IEEE & JIEE.Proceedings IPEC,Tokyo:IEEE,1983:1375-1386
[23]Fangzheng Peng,et al.A new approach to harmonic compensation in power systems.Conference record of IEEE-IAS,1988:874-880.
[24]H.Fujita and H.Akagi.A practical approach to harmonic compensation in power systems.IEEE Trans.on Ind.Applicat.,1991,27(6):1020-1025.
[25]A.Kagi H,et al.A new power line conditioner for harmonic compensation in power systems.IEEE-PWRD,1995,10(3):1570-1575.
[26]Simone Buso,L.Malesani,et al.Comparison of current control techniques for active filter applications.IEEE Trans.IE,1998,45(5):722-729.
[27]Murat Kale,Engin Ozdemir.A Novel Adaptive hysteresis band current controller for shunt active power filter.Control Applications,2003.CCA 2003.Proceedings of 2003 IEEE Conference on,volumel:1118-1123.
[28]Nishida K.,M.Nakaoda,et al.Advanced current control implementation with robust deadbeat algorithm for shunt single-phase voltage-source type active power filter.IEE Proc.-Electr.Power Appl.,2004,151(3):283-288.
[29]Chongming Qiao,Taotao Jin,et al.One-cycle control of three phase active power filter with vector operation.IEEE Trans.Industrial Electronics,2004,51(2):455-460.
[30]Kandi M.,Abdelkader S.,et al.A novel three phase active filter based on neural networks and sliding mode control.Industrial Electronics society,IECON'99 Proceedings.The 25~(th) Annual Conference of the IEEE,Volume2:867-872.
[31]Mabrouk N.,Fnaiech E,et al.Sliding mode control o fthree phase shunt active power filter.Industrial Technology,2003 IEEE International Conference on,volume 1:597-601.
[32]Varquez J R,Saimeron P.Active power.filter control using neural network technologieds.IEE Proc.-Electr.Power Appl,2003,150:139-145.
[33]Zong Ming,Wang Fengxiang,Wang Zheng,Zhang Fengge "Research on active power filter for distributed power system of high speed generator driven by micro-turbine" 2004 international Conference on Power System Technology-POWERCON 2004 Singapore,24-24 November 2004.
[34]S.Kim,P.Enjeti,D.Rendusara,et.al.A New Method to Improve THD and Reduce Harmonics Generated by a Three-Phase Diode Rectifier Type Utility Interface.IEEE IAS94 Conf.Proc.,1994:1071-1077.
[35]G.Oliver et.al.Novei Transformer Connection to Improve Current Sharing in High Current DC Rectifiers.IEEE IAS93 Conf.Proc.,1993:986-992.
[36]G.Seguier.Power Electronic Converters AC/DC Conversion.McGraw-Hill,NewYork,NY,1986.
[37]S.A.Talib,S.M.Bashi,N F.Maiilah.Simulation and analysis of power converter harmonics.Student Conference on Research and Development Proceedings,Shah Alam,Malaysia,2001:213-216.
[38]沈忠兵,王强.三相桥串联整流电路在大功率传动装置中的应用.电子与自动化.1998.(3):33-36.
[39]Matthew SW,Dunnigan W,Williams BW.Modeling and Simulation of Induction Machine Vector Control with Rotor Resistance Identification.IEEE Trans.On Power Electronics.1997,12(3).
[40]A.Sapin,P.Allenbach,J.J.Simond,"Modeling of multi-windings,phase shitting transformers for DC supplies," presented at ICEM 2000,.Helsinki,Finland.
[41]H.K.HI idalen,R.Sporild,Modeling of phase-shift zigzag transformers in ATP,presented at the EEUG meeting,Trondheim,Norway,Oct.3-5,2004.
[42]张秀梅,周盛荣.变频器用多脉波整流变压器的移相 包钢科技,2006,32(1):68-70.
[43]钱章福.24脉波整流和移相整流变压器网侧绕组匝数和电流的确定 变压器,2001,38(9):9-12.
[44]507,ER Y,TORREY D A,REVA S.New inverter output filter topology for PWM motor drives[A].Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC 2000)[C].New Orleans,LA,USA IEEE,2000,Vol.2:911-917.
[45]eraia,H.;Berkouk,E.M.;Manesse,G.High voltage three PWM rectifiers-seven-level NPC voltage source inverter cascade.Application to the induction machine drive.Electric Machines and Drives Conference,2003.IEMDC'03.IEEE International,Volume 3,1-4 June 2003:1802-1807.
[46]eul,R.;Drofenik,U.;Kolar,J.W.;Analysis and comparative evaluation of a three-phase three-level unity power factor y-rectifier.Telecommunications Energy Conference,2003.INTELEC '03.The 25th International 19-23 Oct.2003:421-428.
[47]I.D.Kim,B.K.Bose.New ZCS turn-on and ZVS turn-off unity power factor PWM rectifier with reduced conduction loss and no auxiliary switches.Electric Power Applications,IEE Proceedings-Volume 147,Issue 2,March 2000:146-152.
[48]吴安顺.《最新实用交流调速系统》.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.8.
[49]郑春芳,张波(Zheng huafang,Zhang bo).吴方法在电力电子逆变器消谐技术中的应用(Application of wu method to harmonic elimination techniques).中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2005,25(15):40-45.
[50]Qingguang Yu,Qiang Song et al.DSP LF2407 in NPC Three-Level Inverter Using constant V/F Principle and SHE-PWM Method.Proc.of ICSP'2002,vol.2:1723-1726.
[51]L.Li D.Czarkowski,Y.liu,P.Pillay.Multilevel Selective Harmonics Elimination PWM Technique in Series-Connection Voltage Inverter.IEEE Trans.On Industry Application.Jan,Freb,2000,36(1):160-170.
[52]Lira,J.;Cardenas,V.;Nunez,C.Analysis and design of a PWM rectifier using the DQ theory and a digital control based in a DSP.Power Electronics Congress,2004.CIEP 2004.9th IEEE International 17-22 Oct.2004:52-57.
[53]Lira,J.;Cardenas,V.;Nunez,C.Analysis and design of a PWM rectifier using the DQ theory and a digital control based in a DSP.Power Electronics Congress,2004.CIEP 2004.9th IEEE International 17-22 Oct.2004:52-57.
[54]叶忠明,钱照明.谐波电流计算电路的比较.电力系统自动化,1997,21(12):21-24.
[2]徐建中.分布式供电和冷热电联产的前景.节能与环保.2002,3.
[3]刁正纲.微型燃气轮机走向商业化.燃气轮机技术,2000,13(3):13-14.
[4]赵士杭.新概念的微型燃气轮机的发展.燃气轮机技术,2001,14(2):8-16.
[5]吴靖,江昊.分布式发电系统的应用及前景.农村电气化.2003(7):19-20.
[6]Young-Kwan Kim,Moon-Chang,Kwang-Ha Suh,Yu-Chul Ji and Dae-Sung Wang.High-speed Induction Motor Development for Small.Centrifugal Compressor.InternationalConference on Electrical Machines and Systems,2001.Shenyang:891-894.
[7]Wen L.Soong,Gerald B.Kliman,Roger N.Johnson,Raymond A.White and Joseph E.Miller.Novel High-Speed Induction Motor for a Commercial Centrifugal Compressor.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.2000,36(3):706-712.
[8]Heath Hofmann and Seth R.Sanders.High-Speed Synchronous Reluctance Machine with Minimized Rotor Losses.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.2000,36(2):531-539.
[9]Wang Fengxiang;Bai Haoran;Yu Shufei.A repression method of current harmonics using phase-shifting reactor for high speed generator[C].Ming Cheng,Heyun Lin.Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems(ICEMS'2005).Beijing:International Academic Publishers Word Publishing Corporation,2005,2:978-981.
[10]Ochije K N,Pollock C.A controlled PWM AC/DC converter for a high-speed brushless generator for minimum kVA rating[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2004,40(3):861-868.
[11]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿.机械工业出版社,1999.
[12]Offringa L J J,Duarte J L.A 1600 kW IGBT converter with interphase transformer for high speed gas turbine power plants[C].IEEE-IAS.Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Thirty Fifth Annual Meeting(IEEE-IAS'2000).Roma:IEEE,2000,(CD,ISBN 0-7803-6404-X).
[13]Ochije K N,Pollock C.A controlled PWM AC/DC converter for a high-speed brushless generator for minimum kVA rating[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.2004,40(3):861-868.
[14]王凤翔.高速电机的设计特点及相关技术研究,沈阳工业大学学报,2006,(3).
[15]郑文鹏.高速永磁发电机及其控制系统研究,沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文,2003,41-42.
[16]H.Akagi et al.Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components.IEEE Trans.on IA,vol.20,No.3,May/June 1984:PP.625-630.
[17]周洪亮,杜维。有源电力滤波控制技术的研究及应用。浙江大学博士学位论文,2002,08.4.
[18]詹长江,刘平,基于空间矢量SPWM控制的高频整流器,电力电子技术,1997,(5).
[19]王凤翔(Wang Fengxiang).交流电机的非正弦供电(Nonsinusoidal power supply of AC machines)[M].北京:机械工业出版社(Bejing:China Machinery Industry Press),1997.
[20]Sasaki H,Machida T.A new method to eliminate ac harmonic currents by magnetic compensation consideration on basic design.IEEE Trans Power App & Syst,1971,90(5):2009-2019.
[21]Gyugyi L,Strycula E C.Active ac power filters.In:Proc of IEEE/IAS Annual Meeting,1976:529-535.
[22]Akagi H,Kanazawa Y,Nabae A.Generalized theory of the instantaneous reative power in three-phase circuits,In:IEEE & JIEE.Proceedings IPEC,Tokyo:IEEE,1983:1375-1386
[23]Fangzheng Peng,et al.A new approach to harmonic compensation in power systems.Conference record of IEEE-IAS,1988:874-880.
[24]H.Fujita and H.Akagi.A practical approach to harmonic compensation in power systems.IEEE Trans.on Ind.Applicat.,1991,27(6):1020-1025.
[25]A.Kagi H,et al.A new power line conditioner for harmonic compensation in power systems.IEEE-PWRD,1995,10(3):1570-1575.
[26]Simone Buso,L.Malesani,et al.Comparison of current control techniques for active filter applications.IEEE Trans.IE,1998,45(5):722-729.
[27]Murat Kale,Engin Ozdemir.A Novel Adaptive hysteresis band current controller for shunt active power filter.Control Applications,2003.CCA 2003.Proceedings of 2003 IEEE Conference on,volumel:1118-1123.
[28]Nishida K.,M.Nakaoda,et al.Advanced current control implementation with robust deadbeat algorithm for shunt single-phase voltage-source type active power filter.IEE Proc.-Electr.Power Appl.,2004,151(3):283-288.
[29]Chongming Qiao,Taotao Jin,et al.One-cycle control of three phase active power filter with vector operation.IEEE Trans.Industrial Electronics,2004,51(2):455-460.
[30]Kandi M.,Abdelkader S.,et al.A novel three phase active filter based on neural networks and sliding mode control.Industrial Electronics society,IECON'99 Proceedings.The 25~(th) Annual Conference of the IEEE,Volume2:867-872.
[31]Mabrouk N.,Fnaiech E,et al.Sliding mode control o fthree phase shunt active power filter.Industrial Technology,2003 IEEE International Conference on,volume 1:597-601.
[32]Varquez J R,Saimeron P.Active power.filter control using neural network technologieds.IEE Proc.-Electr.Power Appl,2003,150:139-145.
[33]Zong Ming,Wang Fengxiang,Wang Zheng,Zhang Fengge "Research on active power filter for distributed power system of high speed generator driven by micro-turbine" 2004 international Conference on Power System Technology-POWERCON 2004 Singapore,24-24 November 2004.
[34]S.Kim,P.Enjeti,D.Rendusara,et.al.A New Method to Improve THD and Reduce Harmonics Generated by a Three-Phase Diode Rectifier Type Utility Interface.IEEE IAS94 Conf.Proc.,1994:1071-1077.
[35]G.Oliver et.al.Novei Transformer Connection to Improve Current Sharing in High Current DC Rectifiers.IEEE IAS93 Conf.Proc.,1993:986-992.
[36]G.Seguier.Power Electronic Converters AC/DC Conversion.McGraw-Hill,NewYork,NY,1986.
[37]S.A.Talib,S.M.Bashi,N F.Maiilah.Simulation and analysis of power converter harmonics.Student Conference on Research and Development Proceedings,Shah Alam,Malaysia,2001:213-216.
[38]沈忠兵,王强.三相桥串联整流电路在大功率传动装置中的应用.电子与自动化.1998.(3):33-36.
[39]Matthew SW,Dunnigan W,Williams BW.Modeling and Simulation of Induction Machine Vector Control with Rotor Resistance Identification.IEEE Trans.On Power Electronics.1997,12(3).
[40]A.Sapin,P.Allenbach,J.J.Simond,"Modeling of multi-windings,phase shitting transformers for DC supplies," presented at ICEM 2000,.Helsinki,Finland.
[41]H.K.HI idalen,R.Sporild,Modeling of phase-shift zigzag transformers in ATP,presented at the EEUG meeting,Trondheim,Norway,Oct.3-5,2004.
[42]张秀梅,周盛荣.变频器用多脉波整流变压器的移相 包钢科技,2006,32(1):68-70.
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