盘式无铁心永磁同步电机负载情况下的磁场分析及计算
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摘要
盘式永磁同步电动机是永磁电机的一种,是近几年来发展起来的高性能伺服电动机。此种电机具有体积小、重量轻、结构紧凑、转子的转动惯量小、低速运行平稳等优点,其作为一种新型的驱动装置,已被广泛应用于军事、航天、农业以及日常生活的各个领域中。本课题是国家863计划项目《高性能稀土永磁同步电机技术集成及关键材料》(2004AA32G080)的部分研究内容,本文的主要研究对象是基于Halbach阵列的盘式无铁心永磁同步电机。此种电机因其无铁心的结构,从而大大减小了电机的质量,同时降低了损耗和震动噪声,提高了功率。
基于Halbach阵列的盘式无铁心电机由于其结构的特殊性,使得它的磁路结构和普通圆柱式电机的磁路有很大的不同,因此使用常规电机的设计方法不能直接应用于此类电机的设计中,只有通过计算和分析盘式无铁心永磁同步电机的磁场才能较好的完成对此种电机的设计工作。
本文通过介绍盘式无铁心的定、转子结构来建立此种电机电枢磁场和负载磁场的二维和三维模型,通过使用二维和三维有限元分析方法来仿真计算盘式无铁心永磁同步电机的电枢和负载磁场分布情况,分析此类电机电枢反应对主磁场的影响。同时比较二维有限元法和三维有限元在计算盘式电机时的差别。
由于盘式电机属于轴向电机,它的磁场分布会在圆周方向和半径方向同时变化,所以某些电磁参数的计算就要在解算电枢磁场和负载磁场的基础上,利用有限元数值法求得。本文介绍了一些电磁参数的电磁场数值解法。
通过本文对盘式无铁心永磁同步电机电枢磁场和负载磁场的分析,了解了此种电机电枢反应对主磁场的影响,为此种电机的设计起到了辅助性的作用,为盘式电机的发展提供了有利的帮助。盘式无铁心永磁同步电机特别适合一些特殊的应用场合,成功研制此类电机必将使我国的相关产品更上一个新的台阶。
Disk permanent magnet synchronous motor is a kind of permanent magnet motor, which is the high performance servo motor developing recently. It has many advances such as small volume, low weight, close structure, low moment of inertia of rotor, steady operation and so on. It has been made use of widely for military affairs, spaceflight, agriculture and daily life refered to as new drive device. Being one part of the national project 863“Design and integration technology of new rare PM motor”, the study object of this paper is the disk coreless PMSM based on Halbach array. Because of the coreless structure, the motor has less mass, lower loss and noise so that power is improved.
Owing to the especial structure of the motor, the magnetic circuit of the disk coreless PMSM is different from the other common radial motors so that the former methods can’t be used to design this motor.
In the paper, we build the 2D and 3D model of the armature and load magnetic field according to the structure of the motor. Then making use of the 2D and 3D finite element method to compute and analyze the magnetic field distributing with load. The influence of the armature magnetic field to the main field and the differences between the 2D and 3D FEM are discussed.
Both the radial and axial magnetic field of the disk coreless PMSM are variational in that the motor belongs to the axial magnetic field motor. So some of the electromagnetic parameters are computed with the help of the FEM magnetic field numerical calculation. In the paper, some methods for the parameters calculation are introduced.
The analysis of the armature reaction of the motor is an accessorial effect on the motor designation and improves the development of it. The disk coreless PMSM based on Halbach array could be used widely in many fields so that the motor was manufactured successfully could promote the development of interrelated product.
基于Halbach阵列的盘式无铁心电机由于其结构的特殊性,使得它的磁路结构和普通圆柱式电机的磁路有很大的不同,因此使用常规电机的设计方法不能直接应用于此类电机的设计中,只有通过计算和分析盘式无铁心永磁同步电机的磁场才能较好的完成对此种电机的设计工作。
本文通过介绍盘式无铁心的定、转子结构来建立此种电机电枢磁场和负载磁场的二维和三维模型,通过使用二维和三维有限元分析方法来仿真计算盘式无铁心永磁同步电机的电枢和负载磁场分布情况,分析此类电机电枢反应对主磁场的影响。同时比较二维有限元法和三维有限元在计算盘式电机时的差别。
由于盘式电机属于轴向电机,它的磁场分布会在圆周方向和半径方向同时变化,所以某些电磁参数的计算就要在解算电枢磁场和负载磁场的基础上,利用有限元数值法求得。本文介绍了一些电磁参数的电磁场数值解法。
通过本文对盘式无铁心永磁同步电机电枢磁场和负载磁场的分析,了解了此种电机电枢反应对主磁场的影响,为此种电机的设计起到了辅助性的作用,为盘式电机的发展提供了有利的帮助。盘式无铁心永磁同步电机特别适合一些特殊的应用场合,成功研制此类电机必将使我国的相关产品更上一个新的台阶。
Disk permanent magnet synchronous motor is a kind of permanent magnet motor, which is the high performance servo motor developing recently. It has many advances such as small volume, low weight, close structure, low moment of inertia of rotor, steady operation and so on. It has been made use of widely for military affairs, spaceflight, agriculture and daily life refered to as new drive device. Being one part of the national project 863“Design and integration technology of new rare PM motor”, the study object of this paper is the disk coreless PMSM based on Halbach array. Because of the coreless structure, the motor has less mass, lower loss and noise so that power is improved.
Owing to the especial structure of the motor, the magnetic circuit of the disk coreless PMSM is different from the other common radial motors so that the former methods can’t be used to design this motor.
In the paper, we build the 2D and 3D model of the armature and load magnetic field according to the structure of the motor. Then making use of the 2D and 3D finite element method to compute and analyze the magnetic field distributing with load. The influence of the armature magnetic field to the main field and the differences between the 2D and 3D FEM are discussed.
Both the radial and axial magnetic field of the disk coreless PMSM are variational in that the motor belongs to the axial magnetic field motor. So some of the electromagnetic parameters are computed with the help of the FEM magnetic field numerical calculation. In the paper, some methods for the parameters calculation are introduced.
The analysis of the armature reaction of the motor is an accessorial effect on the motor designation and improves the development of it. The disk coreless PMSM based on Halbach array could be used widely in many fields so that the motor was manufactured successfully could promote the development of interrelated product.
引文
[1]候书红,亚尔·买买提.盘式电机在我国的发展及其展望.微特电机. 1998,26(4): 30~33.
[2] Yicheng Chen, Pragasen Pillay and Azeem Khan. PM Wind Generator Comparison of Different Topologies. Industry Applications Conference, 2004, 3: 1405~1412.
[3] Parviainen. A, Pyrhonen. J and Kontkanen. P. Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator with Concentrated Winding for Small Wind Power Applications. Electric Machines and Drives, 2005: 1187~1191.
[4] Parviainen. A, Pyrhonen. J and Mantere. J. Performance Comparison between Low-Speed Axial-Flux and Radial-Flux Permanent Magnet Machines including Mechanical Constraints. Electric Machines and Drives, 2005: 1695~1702.
[5] U.K.Madawala, A.W Green and J.T Boys, A brushless ironless DC motor.
[6] F. Profumo, A. Tenconi, M. Cerchio. Axial Flux Plastic Multi-Disc Brushless PM Motors Performance Assessment. APEC 2004, 2004, 2:1117~1123.
[7]胡之光.电机电磁场的分析与计算.第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,1982.
[8]唐任远.现代永磁电机理论与设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[9]吴畏,许锦兴,林金铭.盘式永磁同步电动机及其发展.电工技术杂. 1990, (2):10~13.
[10] Gieras. J. F and Gieras. I. A. Performance analysis of a coreless permanent magnet brushless motor. Industry Applications Conference, 2002, 4: 2477~2482.
[11]汤蕴璆,史乃.电机学.北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[12]赵国新,唐任远,陈丽香,兰斌等.转子无铁心永磁电动机的研究与设计.电工技术学报,2006,21(3):58~61.
[13]罗荣杰.电机电磁场教程.第2版.浙江:浙江大学出版社,1993.
[14]邹继斌,刘宝廷,崔淑梅等,磁路与磁场,哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1998.
[15]颜威利,杨庆新.电气工程电磁场数值分析.机械工业出版社,2005.
[16]刘春和.电枢上无铁心的直流无刷力矩电机.微电机. 2002,35(3):14~17.
[17]徐衍亮,姚福安,房建成. HALBACH磁体结构电动机及其与常规磁体结构电动机的比较研究(II)——无导磁铁心电机的对比研究及样机实验.电工技术学报.2004,19(6):58~62.
[18] Parag R. Upadhyay, K. R. Rajagopal. Effect of Armature Reaction on the Performance of an Axial-Field Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Motor Using FE Method., IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2004, 40(4):2023~2025.
[19] H.C.Lovatt, V.S.Ramsden and B.C.Mecrow. Design of an in-wheel motor for a solar-powered electric vehicle. Electric Power Applications, IEE Proceedings-, 1998, 145(5): 402~408
[20]王凤翔. Halbach阵列及其在永磁电机设计中的应用.微特电机,1999,27(4):22~24.
[21]陈金涛,辜承林.轴向磁场无铁心无刷永磁盘式电机的设计.微电机. 2002,35(5):14~16.
[22]王海峰,任章. ANSYS在永磁电机设计中的应用.中小型电机,2003,30(2):1~3.
[23]郑柒拾,王凤翔.无刷永磁直流电机的绕组参数计算.沈阳工业大学学报,2000,22(3):203～206.
[24]李声敏,贺士毅.永磁盘式电动机及其应用.现代机械,1992,(3):16~17.
[25]王正茂,苏少平,郭芳.盘式永磁同步电动机研究.中小型电机,2000,27(5):13~15.
[26]陈清泉,黄红军.轴向磁场电机的设计和应用.电机技术. 1989,(3):47~51.
[27]吴杰,解锦辉.用ANSYS分析计算盘式永磁电机二维电磁场.船电技术,2003,23(1):17~19.
[28]徐衍亮,许家群,唐任远.永磁同步电动机空载气隙永磁磁密波形优化.微特电机,2002,30(6):5~6.
[29] M.V.K. Chari and P.P. Silvester.电磁场问题的有限元解法.史乃,唐任远.第1版.北京:科学出版社,1985. (59~83).
[30]诸自强,,张士红等.轴向磁场永磁无刷直流电动机的分析和设计.微电机,1992,25(1):3~8.
[31]庄旭,曾德俊,曾令全.基于FEM永磁同步电动机的分析与计算.东北电力学院学报,2005,25(6):116～119,122.
[32]辜承林.转子无铁心式直流永磁盘式电机的磁场和解析分析与优化设计.中国电机工程学报,1996,16(2):125~129.
[33]徐衍亮,赵建辉,房建成.高速储能飞轮用无铁心永磁无刷直流电动机的分析与设计.电工技术学报,2004,19(12):24～28.
[34]徐广人,唐任远,安忠良.永磁同步电动机气隙磁场分析.沈阳电力高等专科学校学报,2001,(2):1～4.
[35]黄苏融.现代盘式车轮电机设计技术.电机技术,2005,(3):3～7.
[36]王海峰,任章. ANSYS在永磁电机设计中的应用.中小型电机,2003,30(2):1~3.
[37]刘晓东,杨芳春.钕铁硼永磁盘式同步电动机的设计研究.微特电机, 1998, 26(3): 6～7,26.
[38] Z. Q. Zhu, Z. P. Xia, K. Atallah, G. W. Jewell and D. Howe. Analysis of Anisotropic Bonded NdFeB Halbach Cylinders Accounting for Partial Powder Alignment. Magnetics, 2000, 36(5): 3575~3577.
[39] Z. Q. Zhu and D. Howe. Halbach permanent magnet machines and applications: a review. Electric Power Applications, 2001, 148 (4): 299~308.
[40] K. Atallah and D. Howe. The Application of Halbach Cylinders to Brushless AC Servo Motors. Magnetics, 1998, 34(4): 2060~2062.
[41] Fengxiang Wang and Longya Xu. Design and Analysis of a permanent Magnet Motor Integrated with Journal Bearing. Industry Applications Conference, 1997, Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting, 1997, 1: 24~28
[42] J. Chalmers. Parameters and performance of a high-Field Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Variable-Frequency Operation. IEE Proc. B. 1985, 13(3): 117~124.
[43] C. C. Chan, J. Z. Jiang and K. T. Chau, etc. Novel wide range speed control of permanent magnet brushless motor drives. Power Electronics, 1995, 10(5): 539~546.
[44] Hiro Takano, Takashi Itoh, Kazuo Mori, Akira Sakuta, and Takao Hirasa. Optimum Values for Magnet and Armature Winding Thickness for Axial-Field Permanent Magnet Brushless dc Motors. industry applications, 1992, 28(2):350~357.
[45] C. C. Chan and K. T. Chau. An Advanced Permanent Magnet Motor Drive System for Battery-Powered Electric Vehicle. Vehicular Technology, 1996, 45(1): 180~188.
[46] Woo-Sup Han, Chong-Won Lee and Okada. Design and Control of a Disk-Type Integrated Motor-Bearing System. Mechatronics. IEEE/ASME Transactions, 2002, 7(1),:15~22.
[47] Parviainen. A., Niemela. M and Pyrhonen. J. Modeling of Axial Flux Permanent-Magnet Machines. Industry Applications, 2004, 40(5): 1333~1340.
[48] Kwon. O. M, Surussavadee. C and Chari. M. V. K, etc. Analysis of the far field of permanent-magnet motors and effects of geometric asymmetries and unbalance in magnet design. Magnetics, 2004, 40(2): 435~442.
[49] Davey. K. Optimization shows Halbach arrays to be non-ideal for induction devices. Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on, 2000, 36(4):1035~1038.
[50] E. P. F’urlani. Computing the Field in Permanent-Magnet Axial-Field Motors. Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on, 1994, 30(5):3660~3663.
[51] E. P. Furlani, M. A. Knewtson. A Three-Dimensional Field Solution for Permanent Magnet Axial-Field Motors. 1997, 33(3):2322~2325.
[2] Yicheng Chen, Pragasen Pillay and Azeem Khan. PM Wind Generator Comparison of Different Topologies. Industry Applications Conference, 2004, 3: 1405~1412.
[3] Parviainen. A, Pyrhonen. J and Kontkanen. P. Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator with Concentrated Winding for Small Wind Power Applications. Electric Machines and Drives, 2005: 1187~1191.
[4] Parviainen. A, Pyrhonen. J and Mantere. J. Performance Comparison between Low-Speed Axial-Flux and Radial-Flux Permanent Magnet Machines including Mechanical Constraints. Electric Machines and Drives, 2005: 1695~1702.
[5] U.K.Madawala, A.W Green and J.T Boys, A brushless ironless DC motor.
[6] F. Profumo, A. Tenconi, M. Cerchio. Axial Flux Plastic Multi-Disc Brushless PM Motors Performance Assessment. APEC 2004, 2004, 2:1117~1123.
[7]胡之光.电机电磁场的分析与计算.第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,1982.
[8]唐任远.现代永磁电机理论与设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[9]吴畏,许锦兴,林金铭.盘式永磁同步电动机及其发展.电工技术杂. 1990, (2):10~13.
[10] Gieras. J. F and Gieras. I. A. Performance analysis of a coreless permanent magnet brushless motor. Industry Applications Conference, 2002, 4: 2477~2482.
[11]汤蕴璆,史乃.电机学.北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[12]赵国新,唐任远,陈丽香,兰斌等.转子无铁心永磁电动机的研究与设计.电工技术学报,2006,21(3):58~61.
[13]罗荣杰.电机电磁场教程.第2版.浙江:浙江大学出版社,1993.
[14]邹继斌,刘宝廷,崔淑梅等,磁路与磁场,哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1998.
[15]颜威利,杨庆新.电气工程电磁场数值分析.机械工业出版社,2005.
[16]刘春和.电枢上无铁心的直流无刷力矩电机.微电机. 2002,35(3):14~17.
[17]徐衍亮,姚福安,房建成. HALBACH磁体结构电动机及其与常规磁体结构电动机的比较研究(II)——无导磁铁心电机的对比研究及样机实验.电工技术学报.2004,19(6):58~62.
[18] Parag R. Upadhyay, K. R. Rajagopal. Effect of Armature Reaction on the Performance of an Axial-Field Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Motor Using FE Method., IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2004, 40(4):2023~2025.
[19] H.C.Lovatt, V.S.Ramsden and B.C.Mecrow. Design of an in-wheel motor for a solar-powered electric vehicle. Electric Power Applications, IEE Proceedings-, 1998, 145(5): 402~408
[20]王凤翔. Halbach阵列及其在永磁电机设计中的应用.微特电机,1999,27(4):22~24.
[21]陈金涛,辜承林.轴向磁场无铁心无刷永磁盘式电机的设计.微电机. 2002,35(5):14~16.
[22]王海峰,任章. ANSYS在永磁电机设计中的应用.中小型电机,2003,30(2):1~3.
[23]郑柒拾,王凤翔.无刷永磁直流电机的绕组参数计算.沈阳工业大学学报,2000,22(3):203～206.
[24]李声敏,贺士毅.永磁盘式电动机及其应用.现代机械,1992,(3):16~17.
[25]王正茂,苏少平,郭芳.盘式永磁同步电动机研究.中小型电机,2000,27(5):13~15.
[26]陈清泉,黄红军.轴向磁场电机的设计和应用.电机技术. 1989,(3):47~51.
[27]吴杰,解锦辉.用ANSYS分析计算盘式永磁电机二维电磁场.船电技术,2003,23(1):17~19.
[28]徐衍亮,许家群,唐任远.永磁同步电动机空载气隙永磁磁密波形优化.微特电机,2002,30(6):5~6.
[29] M.V.K. Chari and P.P. Silvester.电磁场问题的有限元解法.史乃,唐任远.第1版.北京:科学出版社,1985. (59~83).
[30]诸自强,,张士红等.轴向磁场永磁无刷直流电动机的分析和设计.微电机,1992,25(1):3~8.
[31]庄旭,曾德俊,曾令全.基于FEM永磁同步电动机的分析与计算.东北电力学院学报,2005,25(6):116～119,122.
[32]辜承林.转子无铁心式直流永磁盘式电机的磁场和解析分析与优化设计.中国电机工程学报,1996,16(2):125~129.
[33]徐衍亮,赵建辉,房建成.高速储能飞轮用无铁心永磁无刷直流电动机的分析与设计.电工技术学报,2004,19(12):24～28.
[34]徐广人,唐任远,安忠良.永磁同步电动机气隙磁场分析.沈阳电力高等专科学校学报,2001,(2):1～4.
[35]黄苏融.现代盘式车轮电机设计技术.电机技术,2005,(3):3～7.
[36]王海峰,任章. ANSYS在永磁电机设计中的应用.中小型电机,2003,30(2):1~3.
[37]刘晓东,杨芳春.钕铁硼永磁盘式同步电动机的设计研究.微特电机, 1998, 26(3): 6～7,26.
[38] Z. Q. Zhu, Z. P. Xia, K. Atallah, G. W. Jewell and D. Howe. Analysis of Anisotropic Bonded NdFeB Halbach Cylinders Accounting for Partial Powder Alignment. Magnetics, 2000, 36(5): 3575~3577.
[39] Z. Q. Zhu and D. Howe. Halbach permanent magnet machines and applications: a review. Electric Power Applications, 2001, 148 (4): 299~308.
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