P、K肥对春剑营养生长及生理特性的影响
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摘要
本试验系统研究了不同浓度磷酸二氢钠(NaH2PO4)、氯化钾(KCl)对春剑‘银杆素’(Cymbidium longibracteatum'Yingansu')和‘大红朱砂’(C.longibracteatum'Dahongzhusha')两个品种生长发育和光合生理生态的影响,通过单因素五水平(0mmol-L-1、1 mmol·L-1、5mmol·L-1、10mmol·L-1、50mmol·L-1)盆栽试验,对不同处理的形态指标、光合生理、膜脂过氧化、叶片保护酶活性、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量进行了测定和分析,以期为春剑科学栽培和生产力提高等方面进行基础性探索。主要研究结论如下：
1、两个品种形态指标长势最优的磷用量不同,最佳钾用量一致。‘银杆素’的磷肥浓度为1 mmol·L-1时,处理植株主茎地上部分和新芽地上部分营养生长综合指标最好,叶芽数最多,而植株对褐斑病的抵抗力则以5 mmol·L-1处理最强；‘大红朱砂’新芽高度、新芽叶面积、叶芽数量、新芽叶片长度和宽度以1 mmol·L-1的施磷量最优,处理植株主茎地上部分长势、新芽叶片数量和叶片宽度则以5 mmol·L-1的施磷量最好,对褐斑病的抵抗力则以10 mmol·L-1处理最优。钾肥浓度为5 mmol·L-1时,两个品种植株地上部分和新芽部分营养生长综合指标表现最佳,叶芽数量最多,对褐斑病的敏感性最低。
2、不同磷、钾肥处理浓度显著影响春剑的光合生理特性。三个季节,两个品种各处理光合日变化均为双峰曲线,大峰在前,小峰在后,存在明显的光合午休,且同一品种的不同处理Pn变化趋势不同。‘银杆素’和‘大红朱砂’的磷肥浓度分别为1 mmol·L-1和5mmol·L-1时,植株叶绿素含量、单位叶面积日固碳释氧量、光饱和点(LSP)、表观量子效率(AQY)、羧化效率(CE)、净光合速率(Pn)值最高,光补偿点(LCP)和CO2补偿点(CCP)最低。钾肥浓度为5 mmol·L-1时,两个品种的光合效率最高,光合能力最强。
3、两个品种植株叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量在各处理间差异显著。‘银杆素’和‘大红朱砂,的磷肥浓度分别为1 mmol·L-1和5 mmol·L-1时,植株叶片膜脂过氧化程度最低,叶片保护酶活性、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量最高；钾肥浓度为5 mmol·L-1时,两个品种各处理植株叶片MDA含量最低,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量最高,SOD、POD活性最高。
Cymbidium longibracteatum'Yingansu' and C.longibracteatum 'Dahongzhusha' were cultivated hydroponically for several months in 5 levels (0 mmol-L-1-、1 mmol-L"1、5 mmol-L-1、10mmol·L-1、50 mmol·L"1) of NaH2PO4 and KCl in order to find the most suitable concentration of P and K for their growth and development and photosynthetic physiology. In this study, growth of aboveground and changes of photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant defense system related substances and organic compounds were investigated, aimed to provide the basis of basic theoretical and systematic research, and with lagged cultivation technology about Cymbidium longibracteatum. Results showed as below:
1. The two plants had the same the most suitable concentration of K to the growth of aboveground, by contrast, with different P the most suitable concentration. The results indicated that P at 1 mmol-L-1 the vegetative growth synthetic index and new budlets reach reaches the highest in C.longibracteatum var.Yingansu. however, to C.longibracteatum var.Dahongzhusha,P at 5 mmol·L"'was the most benificial to the growth of stem, the leafbud quantity and height and area's optimal concentration was 1 mmol-L-1 P, on the contrary, the leaf quantity and leaf width of leafbud reach the highest at 10 mmol-L-1 P. In addition, the ability to resist Gloeosporium orchideorum disease at Smmol·L-1 and 10 mmol-L-1 in C.longibracteatum'Yingansu' and C.longibracteatum 'Dahongzhusha' reach lowest. When the K amounts were 5 mmol-L-1, the growth synthetic index of the stem and new budlets and the ability to resist Gloeosporium orchideorum disease got best performance.
2. Different P and K concentrations significantly affect the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Cymbidium longibracteatum. The curve of Pn diurnal variation presented typical double-peak curve, and there is obvious'midday depress' phenomenon, The second peak value was lower than the first one, the trend of two in the three seasons was the same, but the curve of Pn diurnal variation of different concentration presented different trend. When C.longibracteatum'Yingansu' and C.longibracteatum'Dahongzhusha' were Respectively at 1mmol·L-1 and 5 mmol·L-1, Chl(a+b) pigments content, the daily amaounts of fixed carbon dioxide and release oxygen, the light saturation point (LSP), apparent quantum yield(AQY), the carboxylation efficiency(CE), photosynthetic rate(Pn) reaches the highest, the CO2 compensation point (CCP) were the lowest. however, When the K amounts were 5 mmol·L-1, all of the indexes reachesthe best performance.
3. The activity of SOD and POD, the content of MDA, soluble protein and soluble sugar of leaf had significant differences with different treatments of the plant. The highest of POD and SOD activities, and minimum of MDA content were observed at 1 mmol·L-1 P with'Yingansu' and at 5 mmolL-1 P with'Dahongzhusha'. The optimum amounts of fertilizing of C.longibracteatum var.'Yingansu'and C.longibracteatum var.'Dahongzhusha'were both 5 mmol-L-1 K, The activity of SOD, POD, the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar got the best performance, and the the content of MDA was the lowest.
1、两个品种形态指标长势最优的磷用量不同,最佳钾用量一致。‘银杆素’的磷肥浓度为1 mmol·L-1时,处理植株主茎地上部分和新芽地上部分营养生长综合指标最好,叶芽数最多,而植株对褐斑病的抵抗力则以5 mmol·L-1处理最强；‘大红朱砂’新芽高度、新芽叶面积、叶芽数量、新芽叶片长度和宽度以1 mmol·L-1的施磷量最优,处理植株主茎地上部分长势、新芽叶片数量和叶片宽度则以5 mmol·L-1的施磷量最好,对褐斑病的抵抗力则以10 mmol·L-1处理最优。钾肥浓度为5 mmol·L-1时,两个品种植株地上部分和新芽部分营养生长综合指标表现最佳,叶芽数量最多,对褐斑病的敏感性最低。
2、不同磷、钾肥处理浓度显著影响春剑的光合生理特性。三个季节,两个品种各处理光合日变化均为双峰曲线,大峰在前,小峰在后,存在明显的光合午休,且同一品种的不同处理Pn变化趋势不同。‘银杆素’和‘大红朱砂’的磷肥浓度分别为1 mmol·L-1和5mmol·L-1时,植株叶绿素含量、单位叶面积日固碳释氧量、光饱和点(LSP)、表观量子效率(AQY)、羧化效率(CE)、净光合速率(Pn)值最高,光补偿点(LCP)和CO2补偿点(CCP)最低。钾肥浓度为5 mmol·L-1时,两个品种的光合效率最高,光合能力最强。
3、两个品种植株叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量在各处理间差异显著。‘银杆素’和‘大红朱砂,的磷肥浓度分别为1 mmol·L-1和5 mmol·L-1时,植株叶片膜脂过氧化程度最低,叶片保护酶活性、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量最高；钾肥浓度为5 mmol·L-1时,两个品种各处理植株叶片MDA含量最低,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量最高,SOD、POD活性最高。
Cymbidium longibracteatum'Yingansu' and C.longibracteatum 'Dahongzhusha' were cultivated hydroponically for several months in 5 levels (0 mmol-L-1-、1 mmol-L"1、5 mmol-L-1、10mmol·L-1、50 mmol·L"1) of NaH2PO4 and KCl in order to find the most suitable concentration of P and K for their growth and development and photosynthetic physiology. In this study, growth of aboveground and changes of photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant defense system related substances and organic compounds were investigated, aimed to provide the basis of basic theoretical and systematic research, and with lagged cultivation technology about Cymbidium longibracteatum. Results showed as below:
1. The two plants had the same the most suitable concentration of K to the growth of aboveground, by contrast, with different P the most suitable concentration. The results indicated that P at 1 mmol-L-1 the vegetative growth synthetic index and new budlets reach reaches the highest in C.longibracteatum var.Yingansu. however, to C.longibracteatum var.Dahongzhusha,P at 5 mmol·L"'was the most benificial to the growth of stem, the leafbud quantity and height and area's optimal concentration was 1 mmol-L-1 P, on the contrary, the leaf quantity and leaf width of leafbud reach the highest at 10 mmol-L-1 P. In addition, the ability to resist Gloeosporium orchideorum disease at Smmol·L-1 and 10 mmol-L-1 in C.longibracteatum'Yingansu' and C.longibracteatum 'Dahongzhusha' reach lowest. When the K amounts were 5 mmol-L-1, the growth synthetic index of the stem and new budlets and the ability to resist Gloeosporium orchideorum disease got best performance.
2. Different P and K concentrations significantly affect the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Cymbidium longibracteatum. The curve of Pn diurnal variation presented typical double-peak curve, and there is obvious'midday depress' phenomenon, The second peak value was lower than the first one, the trend of two in the three seasons was the same, but the curve of Pn diurnal variation of different concentration presented different trend. When C.longibracteatum'Yingansu' and C.longibracteatum'Dahongzhusha' were Respectively at 1mmol·L-1 and 5 mmol·L-1, Chl(a+b) pigments content, the daily amaounts of fixed carbon dioxide and release oxygen, the light saturation point (LSP), apparent quantum yield(AQY), the carboxylation efficiency(CE), photosynthetic rate(Pn) reaches the highest, the CO2 compensation point (CCP) were the lowest. however, When the K amounts were 5 mmol·L-1, all of the indexes reachesthe best performance.
3. The activity of SOD and POD, the content of MDA, soluble protein and soluble sugar of leaf had significant differences with different treatments of the plant. The highest of POD and SOD activities, and minimum of MDA content were observed at 1 mmol·L-1 P with'Yingansu' and at 5 mmolL-1 P with'Dahongzhusha'. The optimum amounts of fertilizing of C.longibracteatum var.'Yingansu'and C.longibracteatum var.'Dahongzhusha'were both 5 mmol-L-1 K, The activity of SOD, POD, the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar got the best performance, and the the content of MDA was the lowest.
引文
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