多元价值的均衡：沃尔泽政治哲学研究
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摘要
当代政治哲学家关注的主要问题,是在坚持基本人权以及平等、自由、宽容、多元主义和正义这些古典自由主义价值的同时,如何找到一种方式,将文化与共同体的共享意义的完整性与多元性给予严肃的探讨。这也是自由主义——社群主义之辩的实质问题。沃尔泽认为,可以通过他所说的社会善的共享理解来实现。共享理解意味着共同体的观念以及自由、正义等其他重要道德观念,是产生并内在的镶嵌于特定的文化及其历史发展之中的。它们并非与某种普遍的人性、自然法或从特定文化中抽象出来的普遍原则相联系。这些共享理解适用于它所产生的文化世界,但并不一定适用于其他的文化世界,除非是以某种最小主义的或稀薄的方式进行适用。他认为,特定的文化价值对表达它们的人们而言,不是次要的而是本质性的。
美国当代政治学家迈克尔·沃尔泽拥有一种惊人的跨学科的研究能力,包括社会学、哲学、历史学、伦理学与宗教研究等。他并非传统意义上的政治哲学家。他并不像某些政治哲学家那样,首先提出关于正义的抽象标准或关于好生活的抽象理念,然后再将它们运用于人类共同体之中。相反,他首先考察人类在其共同体之中发展和做出道德决断的丰富多样的方式,然后再根据历史与社会的现实,形成自己的理论关注。沃尔泽的研究领域也很独特,几乎涉及了政治哲学的所有重要领域,包括清教徒的革命、战争伦理、分配正义、复合平等、政治宽容、文化多元主义、公民社会和犹太政治传统等。他认为,政治哲学家的任务是作为社会的批评者去行动,帮助人们形成关于已知事物的更为清晰的观念；是解释特定共同体的共享理解而不是去发现或创造道德原则。沃尔泽同时也是美国最重要的公共知识分子之一,他担任美国左翼杂志《异议》的编辑工作五十余年,他也经常参与美国重大的政治运动和公共辩论。可以说,沃尔泽是一位亲近美国左翼的理论家和活动家,这一点对其思想也产生了重要影响。
本文主要采用历史主义的方法对沃尔泽的论著进行解释和研究,这种方法将沃尔泽定位在特定的历史情境中,这样做可以更为清晰的解释和理解他的整个思想。在分析哲学传统之下,很多学者将沃尔泽归入社群主义者的行列,并认为他的思想在本质上是相对主义的和保守主义的。本文认为,社群主义者的标签是具有误导性的。就像沃尔泽本人所承认的,他的思想虽具有社群主义的特征,但他并非社群主义者；如果一定要贴一个意识形态标签,他自认为是一位社会民主主义者。作为一位社会民主主义者,沃尔泽更为关注平等的生活体验而不是哲学分析；他承认自由主义的正义理论是平等主义的,但它们对人们真实平等的实际关注还不够,尤其在社会学、历史学和人类学方面的理解明显不足。本文认为,沃尔泽思想的核心特征是发展一种复合和阐释的思想形态,冲破意识形态的“纯化”,为民主主义、社会主义、自由主义和社群主义的多元价值留下空间。
本文的主体部分按照年代的顺序对沃尔泽的主要论著进行了解释和研究,对其思想历程、重要论题以及思想特点进行了呈现。论述的时间跨度近60年,共分4个阶段,基本上是以15年为一个阶段。
除引言之外,本文的第一部分主要涉及沃尔泽的早期思想和经历。在这个阶段,沃尔泽主要受到三种传统的强烈影响,并开始形成其思想的一些基本观念。这一部分主要介绍了影响沃尔泽的重要思想和人物以及他的主要思想论题,重点对《圣徒的革命》、《政治行动》和《论义务》等论著进行了解析。在这个时期,沃尔泽思想的中心主题是论证政治行动的意义和重要性。他在这个时期所使用的研究方法深刻影响了他的整个学术生涯,他也一直保持着在该时期所形成的基本理念。
第二部分主要涉及沃尔泽在上世纪七十年代和八十年代前半期的论著。在这一阶段,随着《正义与非正义战争》、《正义诸领域》以及一些重要论文的发表,如,“哲学与民主”、“自由主义与区分的艺术”等,沃尔泽的战争伦理、复合平等和分配正义等核心思想开始出现。他也开始成长为一位著名的政治哲学家。在本章中,本文开始注重将沃尔泽的思想置入特定的历史情境中进行理解,逐步解释分析哲学传统对沃尔泽思想的误解。沃尔泽坚持认为,政治哲学家应该解释我们共享的价值,正义应该忠实于特定共同体的共享理解。他的这些主张起始于他对美国激进民主传统和公共辩论的参与。沃尔泽自认为是一位社会民主主义者,他的平等主义更具包容性,也更为注重实际的生活体验和社会学上的理解。本章涉及了沃尔泽的多元主义、复合平等、政治参与、共同体和正义等核心思想,对其思想发展以及阐释和复合的思想形态进行了论述。
第三部分主要是沃尔泽思想的巩固和完善,涉及其从上世纪八十年代后半段一直到新世纪的论著。本章集中关注了《阐释与社会批判》和《批判家群体》两本著作以及一些重要论文,后者是对前者所提出的“哲学方法”的“政治论述”。在这个时期,沃尔泽的主要关注在于,面对政治哲学中占主导的平等自由主义和美国政治上的新保守主义,提供一种社会民主主义的应对。沃尔泽并没有否认以罗尔斯为代表的平等自由主义比自由至上的自由主义所具有的进步性,但他一直相信一种普遍主义的理论对推进实质性平等而言意义并不大。平等自由主义对差异政治关注较少,这种自由主义误解了平等的本质。沃尔泽的很多社群主义倾向的理论论述,实际上反映了他对社会民主主义原则的援用,以及从左翼激进民主传统中所汲取的洞见。他在这一时期更为关注公民社会以及文化多元主义社会中的差异的调节问题。此外,他也开始了对犹太政治传统的研究。
第四部分主要涉及沃尔泽最近十年的论著。他在这一时期的首要关注是犹太政治传统,并对战争伦理重新进行了反思。他对犹太政治传统的关注似乎更多的是其个人兴趣使然,他对以色列一直保持着浓厚的兴趣并有定期出访以色列的经历；而他对战争伦理的重新反思,主要是由美国所发动的战争和反恐行动等政治现实所激发。最后,本文进一步强调,沃尔泽的思想倾向是对不同传统的融合并反映了其社会民主主义的承诺；与罗尔斯、麦金太尔等同辈的理论家相比,沃尔泽的思想始终保持着对社会和政治现实的关注,并随着社会和政治现实的变化而不断发展。这也是对其思想进行历史研究的一个重要理由。此外,沃尔泽在一定程度上也是美国左翼政治思想的一个重要人物,这也是其思想研究中需要注意的一个方面。
第五部分主要阐释了沃尔泽的四位主要批评者的观点以及相应的辩护和回应。沃尔泽的批评者认为,他的思想存在相对主义、保守主义以及缺乏批判性等缺陷。本文主要通过对“不可公度性”、“不可兼容性”以及一种普遍的最低限度的道德模式的分析说明,来为沃尔泽进行辩护。此外,作为这种辩护的继续,本文通过对沃尔泽进行一种语境主义和历史主义的解读,支持其思想中所具有的批判性。
本文最后对沃尔泽的思想进行了简要的总结和评价。本文主要对沃尔泽的政治哲学思想进行了历史性研究,相较于简单的哲学分析方式而言,这样的方法可以使我们更好的理解沃尔泽的论著,更合理的把握他的整个思想逻辑。沃尔泽在《异议》杂志的工作,以及作为反越战运动和公民权利的积极行动者,使他参与了类型多样的政治活动。这些活动使其发展了不同于德沃金和柯亨的平等观念,以及不同于罗尔斯的政治哲学观念。沃尔泽早期的大多数论著,主要受到三种思想传统的启发或者试图调和这些传统中相冲突的理念。随着思想的发展,他在这些传统的影响之下,逐渐发展出自己的研究主题。这在一定程度上,也是对这些传统的一种超越。从概念上而言,将沃尔泽视为社群主义者对其思想而言并不合适。这既是因为,它未能认真对待沃尔泽将自己视为社会民主主义者的自我描述,也是因为它低估了沃尔泽试图将社会主义、自由主义、社群主义甚至保守主义的基本洞见相调和的努力。这种调和是沃尔泽思想的一个重要特征。对沃尔泽而言,纯粹的意识形态从来不是政治哲学应该追求的东西,政治哲学应该吸收和利用任何有用的意识形态论证,并应该避免意识形态派系之间的偏见。沃尔泽对政治哲学的最大贡献,是开拓了政治哲学研究的一种不同模式。这一点与当代政治哲学的主流研究方法具有明显不同,这也使得沃尔泽的思想独具一格。他一直强调,他本人既是理论家,也是行动者；既是政治哲学家,也是寻求促进社会民主主义事业的政治行动者；既是学院型的学者,也是公共知识分子。沃尔泽作为一位成功的公共知识分子,既是由于其学术论著的巨大影响力,也是由于其终生致力于公共杂志的编辑工作。因此,他已经指出了一条连通政治参与的政治哲学道路。这条道路超越了纯粹的学术研究,以一种平静、反思但有担当的方式,直接表达日常政治生活中的问题。就这一点而言,美国乃至整个知识界都将长久的受惠于他。
The main problem which contemporary political philosophers focus on is how to find a way to discuss the integrity and diversity of the shared meanings, meanwhile we can insist on basic human rights, equality, freedom, tolerance, pluralism and justice. This is also the substantive matter of liberal-communitarian debates. Machael Walzer says, the problem can be resolved though the shared meanings of social goods. The shared meanings mean the conceptions of the community and the moral conceptions including freedom, justice and so on. Those conceptions grow out and intrinsic to the historical development of a particular culture, and they don't relate to the human condition, the natural law and the universal principle. Those shared meanings apply to the cultural world which they come from, however they perhaps don't apply to the other cultural worlds. Walzer says, the particular cultural values aren't secondary but fundamental to the people who express them.
Michael Walzer, the American contemporary political philosopher, has extraordinary abilities to do research interdisciplinary, including sociology, philosophy, history, ethics and religious studies. He is not the kind of philosopher in the conventional sense. He doesn't first put forward the abstract patterns of justice or the abstract ideas of the good life like the other political philosophers have done. However he first observes the various ways the people make the moral decisions, and then forms his own theories according to the historical and social realities. Walzer's research field is also very special, and almost involves the all important areas of the contemporary political philosophy, including the puritan revolution, war ethics, distributive justice, complex equality, political tolerance, multiculturalism, civil society and so on. He thinks, the aim of political philosophers is to act as the social critics, to help the people to form the clearer conceptions about what we know, and to explain the shared meanings of the particular community. Walzer is also one of the most important American public intellectuals, and he has as editor of the Dissent magazine for more than fifty years. So to speak, Walzer is an theoretician and activist close to the Left, which has also influenced his thoughts.
This thesis explains Walzer's works in a historical approach. This method can locate Walzer in the specific historical situation, and can understand Wlzer's whole thought clearly. Many scholars classify Walzer as communitarian in the tradition of analytic philosophy and consider his thought as relativism and conservatism. However classifying Walzer as communitarian is a misunderstanding. As a social democrat, Walzer pays closer attention to equal life experience not philosophical analysis; he thinks that the liberal justice theory fail to focus on real equality enough, and it is flawed in the field of sociology, history and anthropology. The core feature of his thoughts is a complex and interpretive thought-form, and seeks to break pure ideology, leaving spaces reserved for the multiple values.
The main body of the thesis explains and researches Walzer's important publicans, and presents his thoughts development, core topics and ideological characteristics. The time span is almost sixty years with four stages, and each stage is approximately fifteen years.
In addition to the introduction, the first part of this thesis mainly involves his early ideas and experience. In this part, three kinds of traditional have influenced Walzer strongly. Walzer started forming some basic ideas. This chapter has briefly introduced the important thoughts and persons which influence Walzer, and discuss the main thought, especially discussing the Revolution of the Saints, Political actions and On Obligation. In this period, his core thought was the significance and importance of political actions. The methodology used in this period has influenced his whole academic career deeply, and he has also kept the basic ideas formed in this period.
The second part mainly involves Walzer's works in the1970s and the first half period of1980s. The thoughts of war ethics, justice and the complex equality began to appear with some works, including Just and Unjust Wars, the Spheres of Justice, Philosophy and Democracy, and Liberalism and the Art of Separation. Walzer began to become a famous political philosopher. Meanwhile this part places Walzer's thoughts in the historical situation, and clarifies some misunderstandings. Walzer insists that political philosopher should aim to interpret our shared values, and justice should conform to the shared understandings of community. These viewpoints grow out of his participation in American radical democratic tradition and public debates. Walzer imposes himself as a social democrat. His conceptions of equality are more inclusive, and place more attention to the actual life experience. This part involves his pluralism, membership, complex equality, political participation, community and justice, and discusses the development and the form of his thoughts.
The third part is about the consolidation and improvement of his thoughts, involving the main works from the latter half of1980s to2000, and especially focuses Interpretation and Social Criticism, the Company of Critics, and some important papers. In this period, Walzer paid attention to egalitarian liberalism and neo-conservatism, and provided a social democratic response. He admitted the Rawlsian egalitarian liberalism embodies historical progress, but it made little sense to promote the substantial equality. The egalitarian liberalism pays less attention to politics of difference like Marxism, and it misunderstands the essence of equality. His communitarian discusses in fact reflect his appeals to social democracy, and absorb some insights from radical democratic tradition. In this period, he paid more attention to civil society, multiculturalism and Jewish political tradition.
The forth part mainly involves Walzer's publications in the last ten years. His primary concern is Jewish political tradition and war ethics in this period. His personal interest and American counterterrorism seem promote this concern. In the last, this part further emphasizes, Walzer's thoughts compromise the merits of different traditions and reflect his commitment to social democracy. Comparing with Rawls, his thoughts always keep the commitment to social and political reality, and develop with social and political reality constantly. It is a reason why to research his thoughts historically. In addition, Walzer is also an important feature of American Left-wing political thought, which is a noteworthy aspect.
The fifth part mainly explains four critics to Walzer and relevant defenses and responses. His critics said that his thoughts were relativism and conservative. This part defenses for Walzer through incommensurability, incompatibility and minimal moral model. In addition, this part interprets Walzer in a contextual and historical way, and point out the criticalness existing in his thoughts.
The last part is brief summary and evaluation of Walzer's thoughts. This thesis does some research about his political philosophy in a history way, comparing with simple philosophical analysis, this way can make better sense of him and his whole thought logic. As the editor of Dissent magazine, Walzer is an activist for civic right and enters into various political activities. These activities make him develop unique conceptions of equality other than Dworkin Cohen and Rawls. Walzer's early thought was affected by three kinds of tradition primarily, and tried to reconcile conflicting ideas in these traditions. As his thoughts developed, he has developed his own research theme under these traditions. It has also exceeded these traditions to some extent. It is not proper to consider Walzer as a communitarian. It is not only treat Walzer's own description but also underestimates his efforts to reconcile socialism, liberalism, communitarianism and even conservatism. This is an important feature of his thoughts. For Walzer, what political philosophy should pursue is not pure ideology. It should absorb and utilize any useful ideological arguments, and avoid bias between ideological factions. The greatest contribution of Wazler to political philosophy is to open up the new approach of political philosophy research. This approach is different apparently from the mainstream approach of political philosophy research, which also makes his thoughts unique. As he himself has always emphasized, Walzer is both a theoretician and an activist; both a scholar and a public intellectual; both a political philosopher and a political actor for social democracy. As a public intellectual, he has worked for public magazine for all life time. He has connected political philosophy with political participation; He has also ascended pure academic research and addressed issues in the daily political life directly in a reflective and responsible way. America even the whole academic circle will benefit from him for long.
美国当代政治学家迈克尔·沃尔泽拥有一种惊人的跨学科的研究能力,包括社会学、哲学、历史学、伦理学与宗教研究等。他并非传统意义上的政治哲学家。他并不像某些政治哲学家那样,首先提出关于正义的抽象标准或关于好生活的抽象理念,然后再将它们运用于人类共同体之中。相反,他首先考察人类在其共同体之中发展和做出道德决断的丰富多样的方式,然后再根据历史与社会的现实,形成自己的理论关注。沃尔泽的研究领域也很独特,几乎涉及了政治哲学的所有重要领域,包括清教徒的革命、战争伦理、分配正义、复合平等、政治宽容、文化多元主义、公民社会和犹太政治传统等。他认为,政治哲学家的任务是作为社会的批评者去行动,帮助人们形成关于已知事物的更为清晰的观念；是解释特定共同体的共享理解而不是去发现或创造道德原则。沃尔泽同时也是美国最重要的公共知识分子之一,他担任美国左翼杂志《异议》的编辑工作五十余年,他也经常参与美国重大的政治运动和公共辩论。可以说,沃尔泽是一位亲近美国左翼的理论家和活动家,这一点对其思想也产生了重要影响。
本文主要采用历史主义的方法对沃尔泽的论著进行解释和研究,这种方法将沃尔泽定位在特定的历史情境中,这样做可以更为清晰的解释和理解他的整个思想。在分析哲学传统之下,很多学者将沃尔泽归入社群主义者的行列,并认为他的思想在本质上是相对主义的和保守主义的。本文认为,社群主义者的标签是具有误导性的。就像沃尔泽本人所承认的,他的思想虽具有社群主义的特征,但他并非社群主义者；如果一定要贴一个意识形态标签,他自认为是一位社会民主主义者。作为一位社会民主主义者,沃尔泽更为关注平等的生活体验而不是哲学分析；他承认自由主义的正义理论是平等主义的,但它们对人们真实平等的实际关注还不够,尤其在社会学、历史学和人类学方面的理解明显不足。本文认为,沃尔泽思想的核心特征是发展一种复合和阐释的思想形态,冲破意识形态的“纯化”,为民主主义、社会主义、自由主义和社群主义的多元价值留下空间。
本文的主体部分按照年代的顺序对沃尔泽的主要论著进行了解释和研究,对其思想历程、重要论题以及思想特点进行了呈现。论述的时间跨度近60年,共分4个阶段,基本上是以15年为一个阶段。
除引言之外,本文的第一部分主要涉及沃尔泽的早期思想和经历。在这个阶段,沃尔泽主要受到三种传统的强烈影响,并开始形成其思想的一些基本观念。这一部分主要介绍了影响沃尔泽的重要思想和人物以及他的主要思想论题,重点对《圣徒的革命》、《政治行动》和《论义务》等论著进行了解析。在这个时期,沃尔泽思想的中心主题是论证政治行动的意义和重要性。他在这个时期所使用的研究方法深刻影响了他的整个学术生涯,他也一直保持着在该时期所形成的基本理念。
第二部分主要涉及沃尔泽在上世纪七十年代和八十年代前半期的论著。在这一阶段,随着《正义与非正义战争》、《正义诸领域》以及一些重要论文的发表,如,“哲学与民主”、“自由主义与区分的艺术”等,沃尔泽的战争伦理、复合平等和分配正义等核心思想开始出现。他也开始成长为一位著名的政治哲学家。在本章中,本文开始注重将沃尔泽的思想置入特定的历史情境中进行理解,逐步解释分析哲学传统对沃尔泽思想的误解。沃尔泽坚持认为,政治哲学家应该解释我们共享的价值,正义应该忠实于特定共同体的共享理解。他的这些主张起始于他对美国激进民主传统和公共辩论的参与。沃尔泽自认为是一位社会民主主义者,他的平等主义更具包容性,也更为注重实际的生活体验和社会学上的理解。本章涉及了沃尔泽的多元主义、复合平等、政治参与、共同体和正义等核心思想,对其思想发展以及阐释和复合的思想形态进行了论述。
第三部分主要是沃尔泽思想的巩固和完善,涉及其从上世纪八十年代后半段一直到新世纪的论著。本章集中关注了《阐释与社会批判》和《批判家群体》两本著作以及一些重要论文,后者是对前者所提出的“哲学方法”的“政治论述”。在这个时期,沃尔泽的主要关注在于,面对政治哲学中占主导的平等自由主义和美国政治上的新保守主义,提供一种社会民主主义的应对。沃尔泽并没有否认以罗尔斯为代表的平等自由主义比自由至上的自由主义所具有的进步性,但他一直相信一种普遍主义的理论对推进实质性平等而言意义并不大。平等自由主义对差异政治关注较少,这种自由主义误解了平等的本质。沃尔泽的很多社群主义倾向的理论论述,实际上反映了他对社会民主主义原则的援用,以及从左翼激进民主传统中所汲取的洞见。他在这一时期更为关注公民社会以及文化多元主义社会中的差异的调节问题。此外,他也开始了对犹太政治传统的研究。
第四部分主要涉及沃尔泽最近十年的论著。他在这一时期的首要关注是犹太政治传统,并对战争伦理重新进行了反思。他对犹太政治传统的关注似乎更多的是其个人兴趣使然,他对以色列一直保持着浓厚的兴趣并有定期出访以色列的经历；而他对战争伦理的重新反思,主要是由美国所发动的战争和反恐行动等政治现实所激发。最后,本文进一步强调,沃尔泽的思想倾向是对不同传统的融合并反映了其社会民主主义的承诺；与罗尔斯、麦金太尔等同辈的理论家相比,沃尔泽的思想始终保持着对社会和政治现实的关注,并随着社会和政治现实的变化而不断发展。这也是对其思想进行历史研究的一个重要理由。此外,沃尔泽在一定程度上也是美国左翼政治思想的一个重要人物,这也是其思想研究中需要注意的一个方面。
第五部分主要阐释了沃尔泽的四位主要批评者的观点以及相应的辩护和回应。沃尔泽的批评者认为,他的思想存在相对主义、保守主义以及缺乏批判性等缺陷。本文主要通过对“不可公度性”、“不可兼容性”以及一种普遍的最低限度的道德模式的分析说明,来为沃尔泽进行辩护。此外,作为这种辩护的继续,本文通过对沃尔泽进行一种语境主义和历史主义的解读,支持其思想中所具有的批判性。
本文最后对沃尔泽的思想进行了简要的总结和评价。本文主要对沃尔泽的政治哲学思想进行了历史性研究,相较于简单的哲学分析方式而言,这样的方法可以使我们更好的理解沃尔泽的论著,更合理的把握他的整个思想逻辑。沃尔泽在《异议》杂志的工作,以及作为反越战运动和公民权利的积极行动者,使他参与了类型多样的政治活动。这些活动使其发展了不同于德沃金和柯亨的平等观念,以及不同于罗尔斯的政治哲学观念。沃尔泽早期的大多数论著,主要受到三种思想传统的启发或者试图调和这些传统中相冲突的理念。随着思想的发展,他在这些传统的影响之下,逐渐发展出自己的研究主题。这在一定程度上,也是对这些传统的一种超越。从概念上而言,将沃尔泽视为社群主义者对其思想而言并不合适。这既是因为,它未能认真对待沃尔泽将自己视为社会民主主义者的自我描述,也是因为它低估了沃尔泽试图将社会主义、自由主义、社群主义甚至保守主义的基本洞见相调和的努力。这种调和是沃尔泽思想的一个重要特征。对沃尔泽而言,纯粹的意识形态从来不是政治哲学应该追求的东西,政治哲学应该吸收和利用任何有用的意识形态论证,并应该避免意识形态派系之间的偏见。沃尔泽对政治哲学的最大贡献,是开拓了政治哲学研究的一种不同模式。这一点与当代政治哲学的主流研究方法具有明显不同,这也使得沃尔泽的思想独具一格。他一直强调,他本人既是理论家,也是行动者；既是政治哲学家,也是寻求促进社会民主主义事业的政治行动者；既是学院型的学者,也是公共知识分子。沃尔泽作为一位成功的公共知识分子,既是由于其学术论著的巨大影响力,也是由于其终生致力于公共杂志的编辑工作。因此,他已经指出了一条连通政治参与的政治哲学道路。这条道路超越了纯粹的学术研究,以一种平静、反思但有担当的方式,直接表达日常政治生活中的问题。就这一点而言,美国乃至整个知识界都将长久的受惠于他。
The main problem which contemporary political philosophers focus on is how to find a way to discuss the integrity and diversity of the shared meanings, meanwhile we can insist on basic human rights, equality, freedom, tolerance, pluralism and justice. This is also the substantive matter of liberal-communitarian debates. Machael Walzer says, the problem can be resolved though the shared meanings of social goods. The shared meanings mean the conceptions of the community and the moral conceptions including freedom, justice and so on. Those conceptions grow out and intrinsic to the historical development of a particular culture, and they don't relate to the human condition, the natural law and the universal principle. Those shared meanings apply to the cultural world which they come from, however they perhaps don't apply to the other cultural worlds. Walzer says, the particular cultural values aren't secondary but fundamental to the people who express them.
Michael Walzer, the American contemporary political philosopher, has extraordinary abilities to do research interdisciplinary, including sociology, philosophy, history, ethics and religious studies. He is not the kind of philosopher in the conventional sense. He doesn't first put forward the abstract patterns of justice or the abstract ideas of the good life like the other political philosophers have done. However he first observes the various ways the people make the moral decisions, and then forms his own theories according to the historical and social realities. Walzer's research field is also very special, and almost involves the all important areas of the contemporary political philosophy, including the puritan revolution, war ethics, distributive justice, complex equality, political tolerance, multiculturalism, civil society and so on. He thinks, the aim of political philosophers is to act as the social critics, to help the people to form the clearer conceptions about what we know, and to explain the shared meanings of the particular community. Walzer is also one of the most important American public intellectuals, and he has as editor of the Dissent magazine for more than fifty years. So to speak, Walzer is an theoretician and activist close to the Left, which has also influenced his thoughts.
This thesis explains Walzer's works in a historical approach. This method can locate Walzer in the specific historical situation, and can understand Wlzer's whole thought clearly. Many scholars classify Walzer as communitarian in the tradition of analytic philosophy and consider his thought as relativism and conservatism. However classifying Walzer as communitarian is a misunderstanding. As a social democrat, Walzer pays closer attention to equal life experience not philosophical analysis; he thinks that the liberal justice theory fail to focus on real equality enough, and it is flawed in the field of sociology, history and anthropology. The core feature of his thoughts is a complex and interpretive thought-form, and seeks to break pure ideology, leaving spaces reserved for the multiple values.
The main body of the thesis explains and researches Walzer's important publicans, and presents his thoughts development, core topics and ideological characteristics. The time span is almost sixty years with four stages, and each stage is approximately fifteen years.
In addition to the introduction, the first part of this thesis mainly involves his early ideas and experience. In this part, three kinds of traditional have influenced Walzer strongly. Walzer started forming some basic ideas. This chapter has briefly introduced the important thoughts and persons which influence Walzer, and discuss the main thought, especially discussing the Revolution of the Saints, Political actions and On Obligation. In this period, his core thought was the significance and importance of political actions. The methodology used in this period has influenced his whole academic career deeply, and he has also kept the basic ideas formed in this period.
The second part mainly involves Walzer's works in the1970s and the first half period of1980s. The thoughts of war ethics, justice and the complex equality began to appear with some works, including Just and Unjust Wars, the Spheres of Justice, Philosophy and Democracy, and Liberalism and the Art of Separation. Walzer began to become a famous political philosopher. Meanwhile this part places Walzer's thoughts in the historical situation, and clarifies some misunderstandings. Walzer insists that political philosopher should aim to interpret our shared values, and justice should conform to the shared understandings of community. These viewpoints grow out of his participation in American radical democratic tradition and public debates. Walzer imposes himself as a social democrat. His conceptions of equality are more inclusive, and place more attention to the actual life experience. This part involves his pluralism, membership, complex equality, political participation, community and justice, and discusses the development and the form of his thoughts.
The third part is about the consolidation and improvement of his thoughts, involving the main works from the latter half of1980s to2000, and especially focuses Interpretation and Social Criticism, the Company of Critics, and some important papers. In this period, Walzer paid attention to egalitarian liberalism and neo-conservatism, and provided a social democratic response. He admitted the Rawlsian egalitarian liberalism embodies historical progress, but it made little sense to promote the substantial equality. The egalitarian liberalism pays less attention to politics of difference like Marxism, and it misunderstands the essence of equality. His communitarian discusses in fact reflect his appeals to social democracy, and absorb some insights from radical democratic tradition. In this period, he paid more attention to civil society, multiculturalism and Jewish political tradition.
The forth part mainly involves Walzer's publications in the last ten years. His primary concern is Jewish political tradition and war ethics in this period. His personal interest and American counterterrorism seem promote this concern. In the last, this part further emphasizes, Walzer's thoughts compromise the merits of different traditions and reflect his commitment to social democracy. Comparing with Rawls, his thoughts always keep the commitment to social and political reality, and develop with social and political reality constantly. It is a reason why to research his thoughts historically. In addition, Walzer is also an important feature of American Left-wing political thought, which is a noteworthy aspect.
The fifth part mainly explains four critics to Walzer and relevant defenses and responses. His critics said that his thoughts were relativism and conservative. This part defenses for Walzer through incommensurability, incompatibility and minimal moral model. In addition, this part interprets Walzer in a contextual and historical way, and point out the criticalness existing in his thoughts.
The last part is brief summary and evaluation of Walzer's thoughts. This thesis does some research about his political philosophy in a history way, comparing with simple philosophical analysis, this way can make better sense of him and his whole thought logic. As the editor of Dissent magazine, Walzer is an activist for civic right and enters into various political activities. These activities make him develop unique conceptions of equality other than Dworkin Cohen and Rawls. Walzer's early thought was affected by three kinds of tradition primarily, and tried to reconcile conflicting ideas in these traditions. As his thoughts developed, he has developed his own research theme under these traditions. It has also exceeded these traditions to some extent. It is not proper to consider Walzer as a communitarian. It is not only treat Walzer's own description but also underestimates his efforts to reconcile socialism, liberalism, communitarianism and even conservatism. This is an important feature of his thoughts. For Walzer, what political philosophy should pursue is not pure ideology. It should absorb and utilize any useful ideological arguments, and avoid bias between ideological factions. The greatest contribution of Wazler to political philosophy is to open up the new approach of political philosophy research. This approach is different apparently from the mainstream approach of political philosophy research, which also makes his thoughts unique. As he himself has always emphasized, Walzer is both a theoretician and an activist; both a scholar and a public intellectual; both a political philosopher and a political actor for social democracy. As a public intellectual, he has worked for public magazine for all life time. He has connected political philosophy with political participation; He has also ascended pure academic research and addressed issues in the daily political life directly in a reflective and responsible way. America even the whole academic circle will benefit from him for long.
引文
1 [美]丹尼尔·贝尔著,李琨译,《社群主义及其批评者》,北京：三联书店,2002年,第5页。
2 TheLiberalism-Communitarianism Debate:Liberty and Community Values, ed.C.F.Delaney, Lanham, MD:Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.,1994, p.ⅶ.
3 William Galston, Liberal Pluralism:The Implications of Value Pluralism for Political Theory and Practice, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002, p.3.
1 William Galston, Liberal Pluralism:The Implications of Value Pluralism for Political Theory and Practice, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002, p.3.
2 Ibid, p.3.
3 [美]丹尼尔·贝尔著,李琨译,《社群主义及其批评者》,北京：三联书店,2002年,第17页。
4 Michael Walzer, The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism, Political Theory:An International Journal of Political Philosophy,18:1 (February 1990):6.
1 [美]迈克尔·桑德尔著,万俊人等译,《自由主义与正义的局限》,南京：译林出版社,2001年。
2 Alasdair Maclntyre, After Virtue:A Study in Moral Theory,2nd ed. (Notre Dame, IN:University of Notre Dame Press,1984), pp.204-205.
3 [英]斯蒂芬·缪哈尔 亚当·斯威夫特著,孙晓春译,《自由主义者与社群主义者》,长春：吉林人民出版社, 2007年,第184页。
1 Charles Taylor, Cross Purposes:The Liberal-Communitarian Debate, in Liberalism and the Moral Life, ed. Nancy L. Rosenblum, Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1989.
2 关于文化阐释的“厚重”与“稀薄”的解释,参见：[美]克利福德·格尔茨著,韩莉译,《文化的解释》,南京：译林出版社,1999年。或Michael Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad, Notre Dame, IN:Notre Dame University Press,1994.
3 Charles Taylor, Hegel and Modern Society, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1979, pp.157-159.
4 William Galston, Liberal Pluralism:The Implications of Value Pluralism for Political Theory and Practice, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002, pp.3-4.
1 关于美国的个人主义,参见：[美]罗伯特·帕特南著,刘波等译,《独自打保龄：美国社区的衰落与复兴》北京：北京大学出版社,2011年。或者Robert Bellah, Richard Madsen, William Sullivan, Ann Swidler, and Steven Tipton, Habits of the Heart, Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,1985.
2 [加]威尔·金里卡著,刘莘译,《当代政治哲学》,上海：上海三联书店,2003年,第418-449页。
3 [美]约翰·罗尔斯著,万俊人译,《政治自由主义》,南京：译林出版社,2011年。自由主义理论家对社群主义的思考可以参见：[英]斯蒂芬·缪哈尔 亚当·斯威夫特著,孙晓春译,《自由主义者与社群主义者》,长春：吉林人民出版社,2007年。[美]丹尼尔·贝尔著,李琨译,《社群主义及其批评者》,北京：三联书店,2002年。
4 William Galston, Liberal Purposes:Good, Virtues, and Diversity in the Liberal State, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1991.; William Galston, Liberal Pluralism:The Implications of ValuePluralism for Political Theory and Practice, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002.;[加]威尔·金里卡著,应奇等译,《自由主义、社群与文化》,上海：上海译文出版社,2005年。[加]威尔·金里卡著,杨立峰译,《多元文化的公民权》,上海：上海译文出版社,2009年。[加]威尔·金里卡著,邓红风译,《少数的权利：民族主义、多元文化主义和公民》,上海：上海译文出版社,2005年。[英]约瑟夫·拉兹著,孙晓春等译,《自由的道德》,长春：吉林人民出版社,2006年。[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,上海：译林出版社,2002 年。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第5页。
2 Michael Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad, Notre Dame, IN:Notre Dame University Press,1994.
1 Lewis Coser and Irving Howe, The American Communist Party:A Critical History, New York, Frederick A Praeger,1962.沃尔泽参与了其中的第九和第十章,分别是："Are the Yanks Coming?"(pp.387-436); "The Cold War: Repression and Collapse" (pp.437-499).
2 M.Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century, New York: Basic Books,1988, pp.170-190.
3 M. Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1965.
1 沃尔泽后来将这个讲座的内容写成论文："The Obligation to Disobey"in M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays in Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, pp.3-23.
1 M. Walzer, M. Lorberbaum, N. Zohar, and A. Ackerman, ed, The Jewish Political Tradition, volume one:authority (New Haven:Yale University Press,2000), and volume two:membership (New Haven:Yale University Press,2003).中文版参见[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽等编,刘平等译, 《犹太的政治传统(卷一)》,上海：华东师范大学出版社,2011年。[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽等编,冯洁音译,《犹太的政治传统(卷二)》,上海：华东师范大学出版社,2011年。
2 M. Walzer, ed., Law, Politics, and Morality in Judaism, Princeton:Princeton University Press,2006.
3 M. Walzer and N. Mills, ed., Getting Out:Historical Perspectives on Leaving Iraq, Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press,2009.
1 [美]阿拉斯戴尔·麦金太尔著,万俊人等译,《谁之正义?何种合理性?》,北京：当代中国出版社,1996年,第18页。
2 [美]阿拉斯戴尔·麦金太尔著,万俊人等译,《谁之正义?何种合理性?》,北京：当代中国出版社,1996年,第17-18页。
1 M. Bevir, The Logic of the History of Ideas, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999, p.208.
2 Ibid, p.209.
3 M. Bevir, The Logic of the History of Ideas, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999, pp.221-222.
4 [美]阿拉斯戴尔·麦金太尔著,万俊人等译,《谁之正义?何种合理性?》,北京：当代中国出版社,1996年,第525页。
1 M.Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1965, p. vii.
2 M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, p.9.
1 M.Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1965, p.ix.
2 S. Beer, British Politics in the Collectivist Age, New York:Alfred Knopf,1965.
3 M. Bevir and D. O'Brien, "From Idealism to Communitarianism:The Inheritance and Legacy of John Macmurray," History of Political Thought, Vol. XXIV, No.2 (Summer 2003),321.
4 M.Walzer, Political Action:A Practical Guide to Movement Politics, Chicago:Quadrangle Books,1971,p.9.
1 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.307-308.
3 [美]罗伯特·诺齐克著,姚大志译,《无政府、国家和乌托邦》,北京：中国社会科学出版社,2008年。诺齐克
2 Ibid, p.308.在这本著作的致谢中对沃尔泽表示了感谢。“过去一些年,当我就本书的某些话题反复验证迈克尔·沃尔泽的想法的时候,我得益于他的评论、提问和反驳。”
4 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.307.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社2008年。沃尔泽在本书的致谢中提到了诺齐克的影响。“我与罗伯特·诺齐克就战争理论中最困难的问题进行了友好的争论,他的观点、假想案例、质问和建议帮助我形成了读者所见到的这本书。”
6 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.308.
1 M. Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1965, p.ix.
2 M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, p.ⅷ.
3 M. Walzer, Political Action:A Practical Guide to Movement Politics, Chicago:Quadrangle Books,1971, p.15.
4 M. Walzer, Political Action:A Practical Guide to Movement Politics, Chicago:Quadrangle Books,1971, p.18.
1 M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, p.98.
2 Ibid, p.101.
3 M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, p.231.
4 M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, p.98.
1 M.Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1965, pp.12-13.
2 Ibid,p.48.
3 Ibid,p.2.
4 M.Walzer,"Anti-Communism and the CIA," Dissent, (May-June 1967),274-280; "The Condition of Greece:Twenty Years After the Truman Doctrine," Dissent (July-August 1967),421-431; "The Exodus and Revolution:An Exercise in Comparative History," Mosaic, vol.8 (1967),6-21; "Moral Judgment in Time of War," Dissent, (May-June 1967), 284-292; "The Obligation to Disobey," Ethics,77 (1967),163-175; and "On the Role of Symbolism in Political Thought," Political Science Quarterly,82 (1967),191-204.
1 M.Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1965, p.28.
2 Ibid, p.18.
3 Ibid, pp.300-306.
4 M.Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1965, p.303.
3 M.Walzer, Political Action:A Practical Guide to Movement Politics, Chicago:Quadrangle Books,1971, pp.120-121.
6 [美]迈克尔·桑德尔著,曾纪茂译,《民主的不满：美国在寻求一种公共哲学》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年。
1 M.Walzer, Political Action:A Practical Guide to Movement Politics, Chicago:Quadrangle Books,1971,p.l21; M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, pp.203-204.
2 M.Walzer, Political Action:A Practical Guide to Movement Politics, Chicago:Quadrangle Books,1971, p.121.
3 M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970 p.188.
4 M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, p.73.
1 M.Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1965, p.66.
2 M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, p.73.
1 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism, New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.ⅶ.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年。该著作最初发表于1977年,先后在1992年、2000年和2006年进行了三次修订。
2 M. Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980.
3 M.Walzer, "A Day in the Life of a Socialist Citizen," in Radical Principles, pp.128-138.
4 M.Walzer, "Political Action:The Problem of Dirty Hands," in Thinking Politically, pp.278-295.
5 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.157.
6 Ibid, p.157.
1 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.306.
2 本文分别使用《》和“”来标注沃尔泽的著作和论文,下同。
1 B. Orend, Michael Walzer on War and Justice, Cardiff:University of Wales Press,2000, p.2.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第17页。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第320页。
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第23页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第28页。
2 Ibid, p.28这段描述是沃尔泽在《阐释与社会批评》中关于道德理论的合理路径的观点的前兆。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第28页。
4 Ibid, p.29.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第3页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第15-17页。按照沃尔泽的观点,就像道德判断一样,军事判断也是规范性的和描述性的。战略家所做的战略部署,就像道德一样是“一种用来证明正当性的语言”。它们以一种参与者可以理解的方式来解释实际发生了什么。而且,在这两种情形中,“只有当道德和军事策略术语的实质性内容,已经非常清晰明确时,才能以祈使的方式使用它们,才能以规则的形式,表达这些术语包含的智慧。”
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第18页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第59页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第62页。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第67页。
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第68页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第70-72页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第105页。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第99页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第100页。
2 Ibid, p.113.
3 Ibid, p.120.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第127页。
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第129页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第135页。
2 Ibid, p.141.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第142-143页。
4 Ibid, p.144.
5 Ibid,pp.145-146.
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第146页。
7 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第150页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年.第153页。
2 Ibid,p.158.
3 Ibid,p.160.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第162页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年.第168-169页。
2 Ibid,p.170.
3 Ibid,p.173.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第198页。
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第199页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第205页。
2 Ibid, p.206.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第217页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第253页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第256页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第261页。
2 Ibid, p.263.
3 Ibid, p.279.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第280页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第289页。
2 Ibid, p.294.
3 Ibid, p.295.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第296页。
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第320页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年.第332页。
2 Ibid, p.335.
3 Ibid, p.336.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第341页。
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第346页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第363页。
2 Ibid, p.369.
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.11.
2 M. Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.9.
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, pp.4-5.
2 Ibid, p.17.
3 M. Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.31.
4 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.37.
1 Ibid, p.37.
2 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.40.
3 Ibid, p.41.
4 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.46.
1 Ibid, pp.46-47.
2 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.49.
3 Ibid, p.52.
4 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.77.
5 Ibid, p.85.
6 Ibid, p.90.
7 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.87.
1 Ibid, p.92.
2 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.101.
3Ibid, p.109.
4 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, pp. 54-64.
5 Ibid, p.68.
6 Ibid, p.109
7 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.121.
8 Ibid, p.127.
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.156
2 Ibid, pp.171-172.
3 Ibid, p.174.
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.183.
5 Ibid, p.185.
3 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.195.
4 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.196.
5 Ibid, p.198.
6 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.200.
7 Ibid, p.225.
8 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.230.
9 Ibid, p.233.
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.202.
2 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, pp. 203-204.
3 Ibid, p.205.
4 MWalzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.206.
5 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.216.
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.220.
2 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.220.
3 Ibid, p.221.
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.272.
2 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, pp. 273-274.
3 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.275.
4 Ibid, p.278.
5 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.242.
6 Ibid, p.243.
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.237.
2 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.238.
3 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.239.
4 Ibid, p.240.
5 Ibid, p.244
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.245.
2 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.245.
3 Ibid, p.255
4 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.256
5 M.Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis Ⅹ Ⅵ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, p.5.
1 M. Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis ⅩⅥ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, p.16.
2 Ibid, p.35.
3 M. Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis ⅩⅥ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, p.47.
4 Ibid, p.49.
1 M. Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis ⅩⅥ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, pp.50-51.
2 Ibid, p.51.
3 M. Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis ⅩⅥ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, p.62.
4 Ibid, p.64.
5 Ibid, p.75.
1 M. Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis ⅩⅥ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, pp.76-77.
2 M. Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis ⅩⅥ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, p.79.
3 M. Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis ⅩⅥ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, p.85.
1 M. Walzer, "Political Action:The Problem of Dirty Hands,"Philosophy and Public Affairs,1973(2):160-180后又收录在论文集《政治性的思考》,本文的引用采用的是本论文集的页码。M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.278.
1 M. Walzer, "Political Action:The Problem of Dirty Hands "Philosophy and Public Affairs,1973(2):160-180后又收录在论文集《政治性的思考》,本文的引用采用的是本论文集的页码。M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.279.
2 Ibid, p.282.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.283.
4 M. Walzer, "Political Action:The Problem of Dirty Hands,"Philosophy and Public Affairs,1973(2):160-180,后又收录在论文集《政治性的思考》,本文的引用采用的是本论文集的页码。M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.286.
1 Ibid, pp.286-287.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.290-291.
3 Ibid, pp.291-292.
4 M. Walzer, "Political Action:The Problem of Dirty Hands,"Philosophy and Public Affairs,1973(2):160-180后又收 录在论文集《政治性的思考》,本文的引用采用的是本论文集的页码。M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.293.
1 M. Walzer, "The Moral Standing of States:A Response to Four Critics "Philosophy and Public Affairs,1980(9): 209-229. M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.219.沃尔泽在本文中回应的四位批评者是：R. Wasserstrom, "Review of Michael Walzer's Just and Unjust Wars:A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations, Harvard Law Review, vol.92, no.2 (December 1978),536-545; G. Doppelt, "Walzer's Theory of Morality in International Relations," Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol.8, no.1 (Autumn 1978),3-26; C. Beitz, "Bounded Morality:Justice and the State in World Politics," International Organizations, vol.33, no.3 (Summer 1979),405-424; D. Luban, "Just War and Human Rights," Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol.9, no.2 (Winter 1980),161-181.
1 M. Walzer, "The Moral Standing of States:A Response to Four Critics"Philosophy and Public Affairs,1980(9):209-229.后收录在M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press, 2007, p.220.
2 Ibid, p.233.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.233.
4 Ibid, p.220.
5 M. Walzer, "The Moral Standing of States:A Response to Four Critics,"Philosophy and Public Affairs,1980(9): 209-229. M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.221.
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社, 2008年,第101页。
1 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.223.
2 Ibid, p.224.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.229.
4 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.230-231.
5 Ibid, p.231.
6 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.232.
1 Ibid, p.226.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.234.
3 M. Walzer, "Political Decision-Making and Political Education,"in Political Theory and Political Education, ed. M. Richer, pp.159-176. Princeton:Princeton University Press,1980, p.159.
1 Ibid, p.160.
2 Ibid, pp.160-161.
3 Ibid, p.163.
4 M. Walzer, "Political Decision-Making and Political Education,"in Political Theory and Political Education, ed. M. Richer, pp.159-176. Princeton:Princeton University Press,1980, pp.164-165.
5 Ibid, p.167.
6 Ibid, p.169.
7 M. Walzer, "Political Decision-Making and Political Education,"in Political Theory and Political Education, ed. M. Richer, pp.159-176. Princeton:Princeton University Press,1980, p.169.
8 M. Walzer, "Political Decision-Making and Political Education,"in Political Theory and Political Education, ed. M. Richer, pp.159-176. Princeton:Princeton University Press,1980, p.170.
9 Ibid, p.174.
10 Ibid, p.175.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第71-75页。以及M. Walzer, "Education, Democratic Citizenship, and Multiculturalism," Journal of Philosophy of Education, vol.29, issue 2 (1995), 181-189.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第74页。
3 M. Walzer, "Education, Democratic Citizenship, and Multiculturalism," Journal of Philosophy of Education, vol.29, issue 2 (1995),185-187.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第80页。
1 Walzer, "Philosophy and Democracy," in Political Theory,9 (1981),379-399,后收录在M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.1-21本文引用页码采用的是后者的页码。
2 M.Walzer. Thinkinz Politically:Essays in Political Theory. New Haven:Yale University Press.2007. p.1.
3 Ibid,p.9.
4 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007.pp.1-2.
5 Ibid, p.2.
6 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.2.
'Ibid, p.6
8 M. Walzer, "Liberalism and the Art of Separation," in Thinking Politically, p.65.
1 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.6.
2 Ibid, pp.6-7.
3 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.8.
4 M. Walzer. Thinking Politically:Essavs in Political Theory. New Haven:Yale University Press.2007. pp.8-9.
5 M. Walzer. Thinkinz Politically:Essavs in Political Theory. New Haven:Yale University Press.2007. pp.10-11.
6 Ibid, p.12.
1 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.13-14.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.15.
3 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.16.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第5页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第6页。
3 bid, p.106.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第1页。
2 [美]罗伯特·诺齐克著,姚大志译,《无政府、国家和乌托邦》,北京：中国社会科学出版社,2008年。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第4页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第5页。诺齐克,或者其他的自由主义者可能否认他们的理论遵循的是第一种模式。因为他们认为,“分配正义”这个词是一种误用,因为并没有人在分配。这也是沃尔泽强调人们是在共同进行分配,而不是通过一个主要的分配代理人在进行分配。在《正义诸领域》的第12页,沃尔泽认为,“对一种支配性善的垄断性控制造就了一个统治阶级,其成员高踞分配体系之巅——正如声称拥有自己所热爱的智慧的哲学家们可能喜欢做的那样。”
2 bid, p.31.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第419页。
1 Ibid,p.418.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第6页。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第6-10页。
4 Ibid,pp.11-15
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第15页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第174-175页。
3 Ibid, pp.175-176.
1 M. Walzer, "Liberalism and the Art of Separation," Political Theory 1984(12):315-330.后收录在M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.53-67.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.53.
3 Ibid, p.55.
4 Ibid, pp.54-55.
1 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.58.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.58-59.
3 Ibid, p.59.
4 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007,p.59.这里有三个方面的原因：首先,不平等的财富导致了压迫,因为“很多交换只是形式上自由的”；其次,市场权力的某些类型是通过组织形式组织起来的,它们与国家组织具有很大的相似性；第三,资本对政府管理的影响。所有这些原因,沃尔泽都在《正义诸领域》中进行了说明。
5 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.60.
6 Ibid, p.62.
7 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.63.
1 M.Walzer. Thinkine Politically:Essavs in Political Theorv. New Haven:Yale University Press.2007.p.63
2 Ibid, pp.63-66.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.65.
1 M. Walzer, Exodus and Revolution.New York:Basic Books,1985, p.9.
2 Ibid.p.7.
3 M. Walzer, Exodus and Revolution.New York:Basic Books,1985, p.12
4 Ibid; p.14.
5 M. Walzer, Exodus and Revolution.New York:Basic Books,1985, p.149.
1 Ibid, pp.21-22.
2 M. Walzer, Exodus and Revolution.New York:Basic Books,1985, pp.22-23.
3 M. Walzer, Exodus and Revolution.New York:Basic Books,1985, p.30.
4 Ibid, p.103.
5 Ibid, p.149.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第34页。
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.96-114.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京,译林出版社,2002年,第4页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京,译林出版社,2002年,第2-3页。
3 M.Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad, Notre Dame, IN:Notre Dame University Press, 1994, pp.xi,16-17.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京,译林出版社,2002年,第23-24页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京,译林出版社,2002年,第5页。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京,译林出版社,2002年,第23页。
4 Ibid, p.419.
5 Ibid, p.6.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京,译林出版社,2002年,第7页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京,译林出版社,2002年,第424页。
3 Ibid, pp.131-137.
4 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.59.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第127-132页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第127-131页。不能进行买卖的物品的完整清单：(1)人口不能买卖；(2)政治权力和影响不能买卖；(3)刑事司法是不能出售的；(4)言论、新闻、宗教、集会自由；(5)婚姻和生育权是不可出售的；(6)离开政治共同体的权利不可出售；(7)免除服兵役、免于陪审团职责、免于其他任何形式的公共工作的义务既不能由政府出售,也不能由公民购买；(8)政治职位不能购买；(9)基本的福利服务如警察保护或初级、中级学校教育只在边际情况下才可购买。对于每一个公民来说,都有一个最低保证且不需要个人为之支付费用。(10)绝望交易(Desperate exchange),“最后手段的交易”是禁止的；(11)多种奖品和荣誉,不论是公共还是私人设立的,都不是可以买到的；(12)神的恩宠是买不到的。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第3页。
2 Ibid, p.376.
3 Ibid, p.374.
4 Ibid, pp.372-373.
1 "Liberalism and the Art of Separation,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven: Yale University Press,2007, p.62.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.66.
3 Ibid, p.69
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第407页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第412页。
2 Ibid, p.414.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.17.
4 Ibid, pp.17-18.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第379-380页。
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第378页。
1 Ibid, p.380.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第410页。
3 M. Walzer, "The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism,"Political Theory 1990(18):6-23后收录在M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.96-114.
4 Ibid, p.112.
5 Walzer, "Liberalism and the Art of Separation,"Political Theory 1984(12):315-330后收录在M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.63.
1 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.65.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.96.
3 M. Walzer, "What is the Good Society?"Dis,Dissent, winter 2009.
4 M. Walzer, "The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism,"Political Theory 1990(18):6-23.
1 Ibid, p.6.
2 Ibid, pp.6-8.
3 M. Walzer, interview by Amy Otchet, "Michael Walzer:A User's Guide to Democracy," United Nations Educational Scientific and Educational Organization, January 2000. http://www.unesco.org/courier/2000_01/uk/dires/txtl.htm.
4 沃尔泽在《政治与激情》中概括了存在问题的社群类型。M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism, New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, pp.49-55.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第38页。
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.68.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第419页。
3 Michael Walzer, "What is the Good Society?"Dissent, winter 2009. http://dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=1333.
1 Michael Walzer, "What is the Good Society?"Dissent, winter 2009. http://dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=1333.
2 M. Walzer,Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.47.
3 M. Walzer, "What is the Good Society?"Dissent, winter 2009. http://dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=1333.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译, 《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第34页。
5 Elizabeth Bounds, "Conflicting Harmonies:Michael Walzer's Vision of Community."Journal of Religious Ethics 22:2 (Fall 1994):356.
1 M. Walzer, "What is the Good Society?"Dissent, winter 2009. http://dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=1333.
2 [加]威尔·金里卡著,应奇等译,《自由主义、社群与文化》,上海：上海译文出版社,2005年,第11章“沃尔泽与少数群体权利”。
3 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p. 64.
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.72.
2 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, pp.74-75.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第419页。
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第34-35页。
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第50页。
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年, 第38页。
1 Ibid, p.38.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第49页。
3 M. Walzer, interview by Amy Otchet, January 2000.Amy Otchet, "Michael Walzer:A User's Guide to Democracy," United Nations Educational Scientific and Educational Organization. January 2000. http://www.unesco.org/courier/2000-01/uk/dires/txtl.htm.
4 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.xvi-xvii.
5 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.49.
1 M. Walzer, "Shared Meanings in a Poly-ethnic Democratic Setting:A Response." Journal of Religious Ethics 22, no. 2 (Fall 1994):401-405,401.
2 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.50.
3 Ibid, p,55.
4 M. Walzer, "Shared Meanings in a Poly-ethnic Democratic Setting:A Response," Journal of Religious Ethics 22:2 (Fall 1994):401.
5 M. Walzer, "Shared Meanings in a Poly-ethnic Democratic Setting:A Response," Journal of Religious Ethics 22:2 (Fall 1994):402.
6 M. Walzer, "Shared Meanings in a Poly-ethnic Democratic Setting:A Response," Journal of Religious Ethics 22:2 (Fall 1994):403.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第34页。
2 M. Walzer, "Political Theology:Response to the Six."Political Theology 7:1 (2006):91-99,93.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第35页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第62页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第63页。
3 M. Walzer, Exodus and Revolution.New York:Basic Books,1985, p.16
4 M. Walzer, Exodus andRevolution-New York:Basic Books,1985, p.6.
5 Ibid,p.68.
5 Ibid.pp.24-25.
1 Ibid, p.73.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第60页。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第5-6页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第419页。
2 M.Walzer,"Philosophy and Democracy,"Political vol.9,no.3,August 1981.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第3页。
2 M. Walzer, "Liberalism and the Art of Separation "Political Theory, vol.12, no.3, August 1984, pp.320-321,323.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第5-8页；R. Dworkin, "To Each His Own,"New York Review of Books, April 14,1983.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第4页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第417-418页。
1 Michael Walzer, Menachem Lorberbaum, Noam Zohar, and Ari Ackerman, ed.The Jewish Political Tradition, Volume 1:Authority. New Haven:Yale University Press,2000; Volume 2:Membership (2003).
2 M. Walzer, Law, Politics, and Morality in Judaism. Princeton:Princeton University Press,2006.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第1页,致谢部分。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第6-7页。
2 Ibid, p.7.
1 M. Walzer, "Justice Here and Now," in Justice and Equality Here and Now, ed. Frank S. Lucash. Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1986, pp.136-150; Walzer, "The Reform of the International System," pp.227-250,276; and M. Walzer, "Toward a Theory of Social Assignments," in American Society:Public and Private Responsibilities, ed. W. Knowlton and R. Zechhauser. Cambridge:Harper and Row, Ballinger,1986, pp.79-96.
2 M. Walzer, "What's Terrorism and What Isn't?" Dissent (Summer 1986),274-275; "Pleasures and Costs of Urbanity," Dissent (Fall 1986),470-475.
3 M. Walzer, "Cheap Moralizing,"in the symposium "The Jeweler's Dilemma:How Would You Respond?"New Republic,195 (November 10,1986),20.
4 M. Walzer, "The Long-Term Perspective," in Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, vol.62 (January-February 1986),8-14.
5 I. Berlin, the Hedgehog and the Fax. Touchstone, New York:Simon and Schuster,1986.
6 M. Walzer, Civil Society and American Democracy. Berlin:Rotbuch Verlag,1992.
7 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年。
8 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992.
9 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988.
10 M. Walzer, "Justice Here and Now,"in Justice and Equality Here and Now, ed. Frank S.Lucash, pp.136-150. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
11 M. Walzer, "A Critique of Philosophical Conversation," Philosophical Forum 21, (1990),182-196.
12 M. Walzer, "The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism," Political Theory,18, (1990),6-23.
1 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, p.x.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory,New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.183-218.
3 M. Walzer, "Emergency Ethics," in J. Carl Ficarrotta, ed., The Leader's Imperative:ethics, integrity, and responsibility. Purdue University Press,2001, pp.126-139.
4 M. Walzer, "Perplexed:Moral Ambiguities in the Gulf Crisis," New Republic, vol.204 (January 1991),13-15; M. Walzer, "Justice and Injustice in the Gulf War," in But Was It Just?; Re/lections on the Morality of the Persian Gulf Wared. D. DeCosse, (New York:Doubleday,1992), pp.1-17.
5 M. Walzer, "The Green Line:After the Uprising, Israel's New Border," in New Republic, vol.199(September 5, 1988),22-24.
6 M. Walzer, "Terrorism:A Critique of Excuses," in Problems of International Justice, ed. S. Luper Foy (Boulder: Westview Press,1988), pp.237-247.
7 M. Walzer, "The Idea of Holy War in Ancient Isral," Journal of Religious Ethics, vol.20 (1992),215-228.
8 M. Walzer, "The Legal Codes of Ancient Isral," Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities, vol.4 (1992),335-349
1 T. Ball, J. Farr, and R. L. Hanson, Political Innovation and Conceptual Change, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1989, pp.211-219.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第1页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第2页。在第3-4页,沃尔泽给出了对“发现”的世俗解释：“我对宗教道德的简介只是一个引子,目的是引出后面的非宗教的论述。不光有宗教的发现,还有自然的发现,比如说,告诉我们存在自然法、自然权利或任何客观道德真理的哲学家都是从发现之路走来的。他或许像一个道德的人类学家一样在真实的社会里寻找什么是自然。如果按照哲学事业的通常方式,他更可能是在内心、在精神世界里寻找,做超凡脱俗的静观沉思。只有摆脱社会身份,退回自己的内心,哲学家才能看清这个道德世界。他使自己从特殊团体利益和忠诚中超脱出来,放弃自己看问题的角度和方式,像托马斯·内格尔主张的那样,‘从本然观点’出发观察世界。”
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第4页。以及T. Nagel, The View from Nowhere, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1986.; "The Limits of Objectivity" in The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, vol.1, Salt Lake City:Utah University Press,1980.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第4页。
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第3-7页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第9-12页。
2 Ibid, p.14.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第17页。
2 Ibid, p.18.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第19页。
4 Ibid, p.22.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第23-26页。
2 Ibid, pp.28-29.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第29-30页。
2 Ibid, p.34关于这一点可以参考：[美]托马斯·库恩著,金吾伦等译,《科学革命的结构》,北京：北京大学出版社,2003年。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第37页。
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第38-40页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第43-46页。
2 Ibid, p.48.
3 Ibid, pp.50-51.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第53-54页。
1 Ibid, p.62.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第62-63页。
3 Ibid, pp.64-65.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第77-78页。
1 Ibid,pp.82-83.
2 Ibid,p.85.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第88页。
2 Ibid, p.99.
3 Ibid, p.101.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第110页。
5 Ibid, p.118.
6 Ibid, p.119.
1 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, p.26.
2 Ibid, p.191.
3 Ibid, p.209.
4 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, p.3.
5 Ibid, pp.3-9.
6 Ibid, p.19.
7 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, pp.21-28.
8 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, p.26.
1 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, p.221.
2 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, pp.151-152.
3 Ibid, p.224.
1 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, pp.229-240.
2 M. Walzer, "A Critique of Philosophical Conversation," Philosophical Forum,21(1990),182-196. M. Walzer.后收录在M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.22-37.
* M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.23.
1 Ibid, pp.24-25.
2 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.25-28.
3 Ibid, pp.28-29.
4 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.31.
1 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.32-33.
2 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.33-35.
3 M. Walzer, "The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism,"Political Theory 1990(18):6-23.后收录在M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.96-114.
4 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.96.
1 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.97.
2 Ibid, p.99.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.100.
1 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.101-103.
2 Ibid.p.103.
3 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press.2007.p.104.
4 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007,p.105.
5 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007,p.106.
1 Ibid, p.107.
2 Ibid, p.109.
3 Ibid, p.110.
4 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.110.
5 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.111.
6 "Nation and Universe," in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.183-218.
1 Ibid, p.185.
2 "Nation and Universe," in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.186.
3 "Nation and Universe," in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.188.
4 "Nation and Universe," in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.190.
1 Ibid. p.196.
2 Ibid, p.198.
3 "Nation and Universe," in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.200.
4 "Nation and Universe," in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.206.
5 "Objectivity and Social Meaning,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.38-52.
6 Ibid, pp.38-40.
1 "Objectivity and Social Meaning,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.40.
2 "Objectivity and Social Meaning,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.41-42.
3 "Objectivity and Social Meaning,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.45-46.
1 "Objectivity and Social Meaning,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.48-51.
2 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.2.
3 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.5.
1 M. Walzer, On Toleration. New Haven:Yale University Press,1997, pp.8-10.以及"The Politics of Difference: Statehood and Toleration in a Multicultural World," in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.168-182.
2 "Exclusion, Injustice, and the Democratic State," in M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.81-95.
3 M. Walzer, "Multiculturalism and the Politics of Interest," in Insider/Outsider:American Jews and Multiculturalism, ed. D. Biale, M. Galchinsky, and S. Heschel. Berkeley:University of California Press,1998, pp.88-98. 以及M. Walzer, "Blacks and Jews:A Personal Reflection," in Struggles in the Promised Land:Toward a History of Black-Jewish Relations in the United States, ed. J. Salzman and C. West (Oxford:Oxford University Press,1997), p. 409,和M. Walzer, "Michael Sandel's America," in Debating Democracy's Discontent:Essays on American Politics, Law, and Public Philosophy, ed. A. Allen and M. Regan, Jr. (Oxford:Oxford University Press,1998), p.181.
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.21.
2 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, pp.5-6.
3 Ibid, p.7.
4 Ibid, p.8.
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.9.
2 Ibid, pp.15-16.
3 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.28.
4 Ibid, p.33.
5 Ibid, p.58.
6 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.60.
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.83.
2 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, pp.102-103.
3 "Justice Here and Now,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.69.
4 M. Walzer, "The Long-Term Perspective,"Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 62(1986):8-14, p.10.
1 "Justice Here and Now,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.73.
2 Ibid, p.73.
3 "Justice Here and Now,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.69-79.
4 Ibid, p.80.
5 Ibid, p.80.
1 "Justice Here and Now,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.68-80.
2 "Toward a Theory of Social Assignments,"in American Society:Public and Private Responsibilities, ed. W. Knowlton and R. Zechhauser, pp.79-96.Cambridge:Harper and Row, Ballinger,1986; "Socializing the Welfare State,"in Democracy and the Welfare State, ed. A. Gutmann, pp.13-26,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1988.
1 "Toward a Theory of Social Assignments,"in American Society:Public and Private Responsibilities, ed. W. Knowlton and R. Zechhauser, pp.79-96.Cambridge:Harper and Row, Ballinger,1986, pp.79-80.
2 "Toward a Theory of Social Assignments,"in American Society:Public and Private Responsibilities, ed. W. Knowlton and R. Zechhauser, pp.79-96.Cambridge:Harper and Row, Ballinger,1986, pp.80-81.
3 Ibid, p.81.
1 "Toward a Theory of Social Assignments,"in American Society:Public and Private Responsibilities, ed. W. Knowlton and R. Zechhauser, pp.79-96.Cambridge:Harper and Row, Ballinger,1986, pp.82-90.
2 "Toward a Theory of Social Assignments,"in American Society:Public and Private Responsibilities, ed. W. Knowlton and R. Zechhauser, pp.79-96.Cambridge:Harper and Row, Ballinger,1986, pp.91-95.
3 "Socializing the Welfare State,"in Democracy and the Welfare State, ed. A. Gutmann, pp.13-26,Princeton:Princeton University Press, 1988, p. 13.
1 "Socializing the Welfare State,"in Democracy and the Welfare State, ed. A. Gutmann, pp.13-26,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1988, pp.15-26.
2 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, p.3.
3 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, p.3.
1 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, pp.4-6.
2 Ibid, p.7.
3 Ibid, p.11.
4 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, p.13.
1 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, p.17.
2 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, pp.18-19.
3 Ibid, p.49.
4 Ibid, p.66.
5 Ibid, pp.76-77.
1 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, p.106.
2 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, p.108.
3 Ibid, p.111.
4 Ibid, p.115.
5 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, p.118.
1 Ibid, pp.123-124.
2 M.Walzer, "Exclusion, Injustice, and the Democratic State "Dissent, (winter 1993):55-64.后收录在M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.81-95.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.82.
4 Ibid, pp.85-86.
5 Ibid,p.83.
6 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.94.
1 D. Miller and M. Walzer, ed., Pluralism, Justice, and Equality, (Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995).
2 Brian Barry's "Spherical Justice and Global Injustice,"in D. Miller and M. Walzer, ed., Pluralism, Justice, and Equality, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995, pp.67-80.
3 Richard Arneson's "Against'Complex'Equality,"in D. Miller and M. Walzer, ed., Pluralism, Justice, and Equality, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995, pp.226-252.
4 Susan Okin's "Politics and the Complex Inequality of Gender," in D. Miller and M. Walzer, ed., Pluralism, Justice, and Equality, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995, pp.120-143.
Judith Andre's "Blocked Exchanges:A Taxonomy,"in D. Miller and M. Walzer, ed., Pluralism, Justice, and Equality, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995, pp.171-196.
6 D. Miller and M. Walzer, ed., Pluralism, Justice, and Equality, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995, p.281.
7 D. Miller and M. Walzer, ed., Pluralism, Justice, and Equality, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995, p.292.
1 D. Miller and M. Walzer, ed., Pluralism, Justice, and Equalitv, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995,pp.292-293.
2 Ibid, pp.293-295.
3 Ibid, pp.295-296.
4 Ibid, pp.296-297.
5 M. Walzer, "The Concept of Civil Society," Dissent (Spring 1991).后收录在M. Walzer, "The Concept of Civil Society,"in Toward a Global Civil Society, ed. M.Walzer, Providence, R. I.:Berghahn Books,1995, pp.7-27; M. Walzer, "The Civil Society Argument," in Theorizing Citizenship, ed. R. Beiner, (Albany:State University of New York Press,1995), pp.153-174.
1 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.115
1 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.123.
3 Ibid, pp.116-123.
4 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.129.
5 Ibid, p.133.
6 M. Walzer, Toward a Global Civil Society, Providence, R. I.:Berghahn Books,1995, p.3.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,p.ⅴ.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第6页。
3 Ibid, pp.14-36.
4 Ibid, pp.8-13.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第93页。
6 "The Politics of Difference:Statehood and Toleration in a Multicultural World," in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically: Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.168-182.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第15页。
2 Ibid, pp.17-18.
3 Ibid, p.21.
4 Ibid, pp.22-24.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第25页。
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第26页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第31页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第1-5页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第9页。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第39-40页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第64页。
2 Ibid, p.65.
3 Ibid, pp.87-92.
4 Ibid, p.91.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第92页。
6 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism, New Haven:Yale University Press,2005.这部著作是沃尔泽所做的霍克海默讲座的扩展版,1999年,首次在德国出版。
1 Walzer, "On Involuntary Association,"in Freedom of Association, ed. A. Gutmann, Princeton:Princeton University Press,1998. pp.64-74.
2 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, pp.68-70.
3 Walzer, "Deliberation, and What Else?" in Deliberative Politics:Essays ong Democracy and disagreement, ed. S.Macedo, New York:Oxford University Press,1999, pp.58-69.
4 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.143.
5 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.145.
1 M. Walzer, "Drawing the Line:Religion and Politics," Utah Law Review, (1999, no.3),619-638.后收录在 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.147-167.
1 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.149.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.152-154.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.156-157.
1 Ibid, p.158.
1 Ibid, p.164.
2 "Philosophy and Democracy,"in Thinking Politically:Essays in PoliticalTheory, ed. David Miller, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press,2007,1-21. 以及."A Critique ofPhilosophical Conversation,"in Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, ed. David Miller, New Haven, CT:Yale University Press,2007,22-37[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年。
1 William Galston, "Community, Democracy, Philosophy:The Political Thought of Michael Walzer"Political Theory 17:1(1989):119.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第30-35页。以及Michael Walzer, "Shared Meanings in a Poly-ethnic Democratic Setting:A Response," Journal of Religious Ethics 22:2 (Fall 1994): 401-405.
2 沃尔泽在《论宽容》和《政治与激情》中详细讨论了政治共同体问题。美国是他关注的主要对象,他同时也讨论了全球共同体中的正义问题。[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年。M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p. viii.
4 Ibid, p.14.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第5页。
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第1-41页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第16页。
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.22.
3 但金里卡认为,沃尔泽的方法与柏拉图、康德或罗尔斯的方法并无本质不同。康德和罗尔斯也是“居住在文化的洞穴里”,在文化上也可以获得关于绝对命令和公平观念的共享理解。他们的差异并不在于哲学事业始于何处,而在于终于何处。参见[加]威尔·金里卡著,应奇等译,《自由主义、社群与文化》,上海：上海译文出版社,2005年,第68页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第5-9页。这种主张得益于沃尔泽的犹太人出身,他的主张明显是哲学化的,但他的犹太成长经历明显影响了他所关注的哲学问题。这种影响可以参见M. Walzer Exodus and Revolution, New York:BasicBooks,1986.以及M. Walzer, Law, Politics and Morality in Judaism, Princeton:Princeton University Press,2006,高尔斯顿认为,犹太人的历史在沃尔泽的思想中占据着一个重要位置,它提供了沃尔泽关于共同体的基础性观念,参见William Galston, "Community, Democracy, Philosophy:The Political Thought of Michael Walzer,"Political Theory 17:1 (1989):120.
1 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, p. ix.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第20页。
3 William Galston, "Community, Democracy, Philosophy:The Political Thought of Michael'Walzer,"Political Theory 17:1 (1989):126在此,高尔斯顿指的是内格尔的道德观。参见Thomas Nagel, A View from Nowhere, New York: Oxford University Press,1987.
4 William Galston, "Community, Democracy, Philosophy:The Political Thought of Michael Walzer "Political Theory 17:1 (1989):126.
1 William Galston, "Community, Democracy, Philosophy:The Political Thought of Michael Walzer,"Political Theory 17:1 (1989):127.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,p.xxvii.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,p.xxix.
1 M. Walzer, "Between Nation and World:Welcome to Some New Ideologies," The Economist, Special issue,150 Economist Years (September 11,1993),51-54.
1 M. Walzer, "The New Tribalism:Notes on a Difficult Problem," Dissent, (Spring 1992),164-171.
2 "The Concept of Civil Society," in Toward a Global Civil Society, ed. M. Walzer, Providence, R.I. and Oxford: Berghahn Books,1995, p.7.
3"The Concept of Civil Society," in Toward a Global Civil Society, ed. M. Walzer, Providence, R.I. and Oxford: Berghahn Books,1995, pp.7-8.
4 Ibid, p.80. 1 "Socializing the Welfare State,"in Democracy and the Welfare State, ed. A.Gutmann, pp.13-26.Princeton:Princeton University Press,1988, p.26.;"The Concept of Civil Society,"in Toward a Global Civil Society, ed. M. Walzer, pp.7-28.Providence, R.I. and Oxford:Berghahn Books,1995, pp.21-25.
1 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, p.18.
2 M. Walzer. Toward a Global Civil Society. Providence. R.I. and Oxford:Berehahn Books,1995, p.4.
3 M. Walzer, "On Negative Politics," in Liberalism without Illusions:Essays on Liberal Theory and the Political Vision of Judith N. Shklar, ed. B. Yack, Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1996, p.19.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第35-36页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第48页。
1 M. Walzer, "Citizenship,"in Political Innovation and Conceptual Change, ed. T.Ball, J. Farr, and R. L. Hanson, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1989, pp.211-219.
2 M. Walzer, "Citizenship,"in Political Innovation and Conceptual Change, ed. T.Ball, J. Farr, and R. L. Hanson, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1989, pp.213-214.
3 Ibid, pp.217-218.
4 Ibid, p.212.
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p. x.
2 M. Walzer, "Multiculturalism and the Politics of Interest,"in Insider/Outsider:American Jews and Multiculturalism, ed. D. Biale, M. Galchinsky, and S. Heschel, Berkeley:University of California Press,1998, pp.88-98.
1 M. Walzer, "Multiculturalism and the Politics of Interest,"in Insider/Outsider:American Jews and Multiculturalism, ed. D. Biale, M. Galchinsky, and S. Heschel, Berkeley:University of California Press,1998, p.97.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第111页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第111-112页。
1 [美]迈克尔·桑德尔著,曾纪茂译,《民主的不满：美国在寻求一种公共哲学》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年。
1 "Michael Sandel's America,"in Debating Democracy's Discontent:Essays on American Politics, Law, and Public Philosophy, ed. A. Allen and M. Regan, Jr., Oxford:Oxford University Press,1998, pp.175-177.
2 "Michael Sandel's America,"in Debating Democracy's Discontent:Essays on American Politics, Law, and Public Philosophy, ed. A. Allen and M. Regan, Jr., Oxford:Oxford University Press,1998, pp.181-182.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第1页。M.Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century, New York:BasicBooks, 1988.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第1页。
3 Ibid, p.48.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第52页。
1 Ibid, p.62.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第70页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第77-78页。
3 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, pp.85-104.
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.90.
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.98.
2 Ibid, p.4.
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.101.
1 M.Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a more Egalitarian Liberalism, New Haven, CT:Yale University Press, 2005, p.162.
2 W. Galston, "Community, Democracy, Philosophy,"Political Theory 17:1(1989):119-130.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第2页。
1 Ludvig Beckman, The Liberal State and The Politics of Virtue, New Brunswick, N J:Transaction Publishers,2001, p. 27.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第10-11页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第10-11页。
3 Ibid, p.ⅶ.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第14-35页。
1 Ibid, p.30.
2 Ibid, p.32.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第98页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第91-92页。
1 [英]史蒂芬·缪哈尔亚当·斯威夫特著,孙晓春译,《自由主义者与社群主义者》,长春：吉林人民出版社,2007年,第11-37页。
1 "Objectivity and Social Meaning" in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.38-52.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第5页。
1 "Liberalism and the Art of Separation,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven: Yale University Press,2007, p.62.
1 "Moral Minimalism,"in From the Twilight of Probability:Ethics and Politics, ed. W. R. Shea and A. Spadafora, Canton, Mass:Watson Publishing Inernational, Science History Publications,1992, pp.3-14.
2 "Moral Minimalism,"in From the Twilight of Probability:Ethics and Politics, ed. W. R. Shea and A. Spadafora, Canton, Mass:Watson Publishiing Inernational, Science History Publications,1992, p.4.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《论战争》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2011年。以及M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005以及M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007.
1 "Liberalism, Nationalism, Reform," in The Legacy of Isaiah Berlin, ed. R. Dworkin, M. Lilla, and R. Silvers, New York:New York Review Books,2001, pp.169-176.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《论战争》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2011年,第5页。
1 "Emergency Ethics," in The Leader's Imperative:ethics, integrity, and Responsibility, ed. J. Carl Ficarrotta, Purdue: Purdue University Press,2001, pp.126-139.
2 "Terrorism:A Critique of Excuses,"in Problems of International Justice, ed. S. Luper Foy, Boulder:Westview Press, 1988, pp.237-247.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《论战争》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2011年,第45页。
4 Ibid, pp.49-50.
5 Ibid, pp.29-34.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《论战争》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2011年,第73-75页。
2 Ibid, pp.120-122.
3 Ibid, p.121.
4 Ibid, pp.146-151.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《论战争》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2011年,第155-156页。
1 Ibid, p.167.
1 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p. ⅶ.
2 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.ⅹ.
3 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.ⅷ.
1 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.140.
2 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, pp.1-20.
3 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.7.
4 Ibid, pp.8-10.
5 Ibid, p.11.
1 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.41.
2 Ibid, p.43.
3 Ibid, pp.52-55.
4 Ibid, pp.87-88. pp.102-103.
2 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.109.
3 Ibid, p.130.
4 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.121.
5 Ibid, p.127.
6 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.139.
1 M. Walzer, "Perplexed:Moral Ambiguities in the Gulf Crisis," New Republic,204 (January 1991),13-15.
2 "Emergency Ethics" in J. Carl Ficarrotta, ed.. The Leader's Imperative:ethics, integrity, and responsibility, Purdue University Press, Purdue,2001, pp.126-139.
3 Ibid, p.138.
1 Walzer, "Terrorism:A Critique of Excuse,"in Problems of International Justice, ed.S.Luper Foy, Boulder:Westview Press,1988, pp.237-247.
2 M. Walzer, "The Idea of Holy War in Ancient Israel," Journal of Religious Ethics, vol.20 (1992),215.
3 M. Walzer, "The Crime of Aggressive War," Washington Global Studies Law Review, vol.6, no.3,2007,635-643.
4 M. Walzer, "On Fighting Terrorism Justly", International Relations, vol.21, no.4, December 2007,480-484.
5 M. Walzer, "Is There an American Empire?" Dissent (Fall 2003),27-31.
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《论战争》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2011年,第75页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第20-21页。
2 M. Walzer, Law, Politics, and Morality in Judaism, Princeton:Princeton University Press,2006.
1 Ibid, p.ⅶ.
2 "Commanded and Permitted Wars"in Law, Politics, and Morality in Judaism, ed. M. Walzer, Princeton:Prenceton University Press,2006, pp.149-168.
3 M. Walzer, Getting Out:Historical Perspectives on Leaving Iraq, Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009, pp.3-8.
4 I. Young, Inclusion and Democracy, Oxford:Oxford University Press,2000.
1 [美]马克·里拉等编著,刘擎等译,《以赛亚·伯林的遗产》,北京：新星出版社,2009年,第35页。
1 "Zionism and Judaism" in Judaism and Modernity:The Religious Philosophy of David Hartman, ed. J. Malino, Hampshire, UK, and Burlington, Vermont:Ashgate Publishing,2004, pp.308-325.
2 M. Walzcr, Law, Politics, and Morality in Judaism, Princeton:Prenceton University Press,2006, p.150.
3 Ibid, p.ⅶ.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽等编,刘平等译,《犹太政治传统(卷一)》,上海：华东师范大学出版社,2011年,第2页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽等编,刘平等译,《犹太政治传统(卷一)》,上海：华东师范大学出版社,2011年,第3-4页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,p.xxii.
1 M. Walzer,"Spheres of Justice:An Exchange", New York Review of Books, July21,1983, pp.4-5.
2 Joshua Cohen, Review of Spheres of Justice,Journal of Philosophy,1986,p.466.
3 Ronald Dworkin,"To Each His Own,"New York Review of Books, April,14,1983.
4 Susan Moller Okin, "Justice and Gender," Philosophy and PublicAffairs,16, winter,1987, pp.52-56.
5 Joshua Cohen, Review of Spheres of Justice,Journal of Philosophy,1986,p.466.
6 Ibid, pp.463-464.
1 Joshua Cohen, Review of Spheres of Justice,Journal of Philosophy,1986,pp.463-464.
2 Ibid, p.465.
3 Susan Moller Okin, "Justice and Gender," Philosophy and Public Affairs,16, winter,1987, p.55.
1 susan Moller Okin,"Justice and Gender,"Philosophy and Public Affair,16,Winter,1987,p.58.
2 Ibid,p.59.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第418页。
2 Susan Moller Okin, "Justice and Gender,"Philosophy and PublicAffairs,16, winter,1987, pp.59-60.
3 Joshua Cohen, Review of Spheres of Justice,Journal of Philosophy,1986,pp.459-460.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第34-35页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第35页。
2 "Pluralism in political perspective," in Walzer,et.al, The Politics of Ethnicity, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press,1982, p.4.
1 M.Walzer, "Flight from Philosophy,"New York Review of Books, February 2,1989,pp.42-44; "Philosophy and Democracy,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p. 1;
[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,pp.xiv；3-17.
1 M. Walzer, "The Moral Standing of States:A Response to Four Critics "Philosophy and Public Affairs 9:209-229.
2 Ibid.p.214.
3 Norman Daniels, Review of Spheres of Justic, The Philosophical Review 94:1(1985):142-148.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第78页。
1 M. Walzer, Socialism and the Gift Relationship, Dissent 29, fall 1982, p.436.
2 Joshua Cohen, Review of Spheres of Justice,Journal of Philosophy,1986, p.458.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,p.viii.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第29-35页。
1 R. Dworkin Spheres of Justice:an exchange, New York Review of Books, July21,1983, p.46.
2 Ibid, pp.45-46.
3 Ibid, p.45.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第113页。
5 Ibid,p.115.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第1-41页；M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, pp.225-240.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第40页。
3 Ibid, pp.28-29.
4 Ibid, pp.4-6.
1 Norman Daniels, "An Argument About the Relativity of Justice," Revue International de Philosophie,1989, pp.7-8.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第419页。
3 Norman Daniels, "An Argument About the Relativity of Justice," Revue International de Philosophie,1989, p.15.
4 Ibid,p.19.
5 Ibid.26.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第424页。
2 C.Tayor, Philosophy and the Human Sciences:Philosophy Papers 2, New York:Cambridge University Press,1985, p.144.
1 Ibid,pp.123-133.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第16页。
1 Ibid, p.18.
2 Ibid, pp.29-30.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第31-32页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第30页。
2 Ibid, p.59.
3 Ibid, p.30.
4 Ibid, pp.37,43,51.
5 关于“反思均衡”可以参考Norman Daniels,Wide Reflective Equilibrium and Theory Acceptance in Ethics,Journal of Philosophy 76,1979,pp.256-282.
1 J.Stout, Ethics After Babel:The Languanges of Morals and their Discontents. Boston:Beacon Press,1988, pp.145-162.
2 Ibid,p.76.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第56页。
4 Ibid,p.104.
5 Ibid, pp.19-22,35.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第99页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第31页。
1 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, p.233.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第419页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第96-100页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第50页。
1 K.. Nielsen, Marxism and the Moral Point of View. Boulder, Colorado:Westview Press,1989, pp.8-9.
2 M. Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press,1965, pp.22-65; 148-183.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第58-60页。
1 M. Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis ⅩⅥ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, p.29.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第59页。
3 J.Stout, Ethics After Babel:The Languages of Morals and their Discontents. Boston:Beacon Press,1988, p.86.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第15页。
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,p,viii.
1 M. Walzer, "Philosophy and Democracy,"Political Theory 9, no.3(August 1981),p.379.
2 M. Walzer, "Philosophy and Democracy,"Political Theory 9, no.3(August 1981), p.393.
3 Ibid,p.395.
4 Ibid, p.397.
1 M. Walzer, "Flight From Philosophy,"New York Review of Books, February 2,1989, p.44.
2 M. Walzer, "Philosophy and Democracy."Political Theory 9, no.3(August 1981), p.396.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第83页。
4 M. Walzer, "Flight From Philosophy."New York Review of Books, February 2,1989, p.43.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年。M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第1页。
3 Ibid,pp.1-10.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第13页。
2 Ibid, p.14.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第25页。
4 Ibid, p.14.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第9页。
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第23-25页。
7 Ibid, p.47.
8 Ibid, p.56.
1 Ibid, pp.47-48.
2 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, pp.230-231.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第42-43页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第110页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第112-113页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第21页。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第43-44页。
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第60页。
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第60页。
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第61页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第77页。
2 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, pp.236-237.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第75页。
4 Ruth W.Grant,"Review of Interpretation and Social Criticism,"The Journal of Politics 50,1988,p.261.
5 Ibid, p.265.
1 A. Ryan, Communitarianism:the Good, the Bad, and the Muddly, Dissent 36, no.3, summer 1989, p.352; R. Rorty, Postmodernist Bourgeois Liberalism, The Journal of Philosophy, vol.80,1983, pp.583-589;[美]理查德·罗蒂著,徐文瑞译,《偶然、反讽与团结》,北京：商务印书馆,2003年,第44-69页。
2 R. Geuss, The Idea of a Critical Theory; Habermas and the Frankfurt School, New York:Cambridge University Press, 1981, p.60.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第418-419页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第419-420页。
1 M. Walzer, "The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism,"Political Theory 1990(18):6-23.
2 "Socializing the Welfare State,"in Democracy and the Welfare State, ed. A.Gutmann, Princeton:Princeton University Press,1988,pp.13-26.
3 I.Howe, "Socialism and Liberalism:Articles of Conciliation," in The New York Intellectuals Reader, ed. N.Jumonville, New York and Oxford:Routledge,2002, pp.371-389.
1 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, pp.21-43.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第2章；M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, chapter 1.
2 B. Orend, Michael Walzer on War and Justice. Cardiff:University of Wales Press,2000, pp.25-29.
1 B. Orend, Michael Water on War and Justice. Cardiff:University of Wales Press,2000, ch.7.
2 R. Dworkin, "To Each His Own," the New York Review of Books, April 14,1983.
1 M. Walzer, "Liberalism and the Art of Separation," Political Theory (12)1984:315-330.
2 M. Walzer and N. Mills, ed. Getting Out:Historical Perspectives on Leaving Iraq. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press,2009.
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1.[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年。
2.[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年。
3.[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年。
4.[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年。
5.[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽等编,刘平等译,《犹太政治传统(卷一)》,上海：华东师范大学出版社,2011年。
6.[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽等编,冯洁音译,《犹太政治传统(卷二)》,上海：华东师范 大学出版社,2011年。
7.[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《论战争》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2011年。
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30.徐贲,《分配正义和群体认同：社会正义在中国》,《当代中国研究》,2003年第4期。
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50.高信奇,《沃尔泽的多元正义论探析》,《科技经济市场》,2006年第5期。
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55.[英]约瑟夫·拉兹著,孙晓春等译,《自由的道德》,长春：吉林人民出版社,2006年。
56.[美]施特劳斯等著,朱雁冰等译,《回归古典政治哲学》,北京：华夏出版社,2006年。
57.[美]本杰明·巴伯著,彭斌等译,《强势民主》,长春：吉林人民出版社,2006年。
58.[英]史蒂芬·缪哈尔 亚当·斯威夫特著,孙晓春译,《自由主义者与社群主义者》,长春：吉林人民出版社,2007年。
59.张书元、石斌,《沃尔泽的正义战争论述评：兼论美国学术理论界有关海外军事干涉的思想分野》,《美国研究》,2007年第3期。
60.姚大志,《何谓正义：当代西方政治哲学研究》,北京：人民出版社,2007年。
61.[美]雅各比著,姚建彬译,《乌托邦之死》,北京：新星出版社,2007年。
62.[美]罗纳德·德沃金著,张国清译,《原则问题》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年。
63.[美]罗纳德·德沃金著,信春鹰吴玉章译,《认真对待权利》,上海：上海三联书店,2008年。
64.[英]洛克著,叶启芳等译,《政府论(下篇)》,北京：商务印书馆,2008年。
65.[英]约翰·密尔著,胡勇译,《密尔论民主与社会主义》,长春：吉林出版集团有限责任公司,2008年。
66.曹瑞涛,《多元时代的“正义方舟”》,杭州：浙江大学出版社,2008年。
67.[美]迈克尔·桑德尔著,曾纪茂译,《民主的不满：美国在寻求一种公共哲学》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年。
68.陈应春,《多元的正义复合的平等：沃尔泽正义观解读》,《理论界》,2008年第4 期。
69.哈刚,《沃尔泽多元主义正义观及其局限》,《宁夏党校学报》,2008年第5期。
70.翁祖彪,《复合平等理沦及其对转型期中国的借鉴意义：读沃尔泽“正义诸领域”有感》,中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2008年第4期。
71.[美]罗伯特·诺齐克著,姚大志译,《无政府、国家和乌托邦》,北京：中国社会科学出版社,2008年。
72.[美]马克·里拉著,张小勇译,《维柯：反现代的创生》,北京：新星出版社,2008年。
73.[英]戴维·罗斯著,林南译,《正当与善》,上海：上海译文出版社,2008年。
74.[美]约翰·罗尔斯著,何怀宏等译,《正义论(修订版)》,北京：中国社会科学出版社,2009年。
75.[美]詹姆逊著,王逢振译,《单一的现代性》,北京：中国人民大学出版社,2009年。
76.[古希腊]亚里士多德著,吴寿彭译,《政治学》,北京：商务印书馆,2009年。
77.[美]房龙著,张蕾芳译,《宽容》,南京：译林出版社,2009年。
78.何霜梅,《正义与社群》,北京：人民出版社,2009年。
79.[法]托克维尔著,董果良译,《论美国的民主》,北京：商务印书馆,2009年。
80.[美]理查德·罗蒂著,张国清译,《后形而上学希望》,上海：上海译文出版社,2009年。
81.[美]理查德·罗蒂著,王俊等译,《哲学的场景》,上海：上海译文出版社,2009年。
82.[美]乔治·萨拜因著,邓正来译,《政治学说史》,上海：上海人民出版社,2009年。
83.[美]阿拉斯戴尔·麦金太尔著,龚群译,《伦理学简史》,北京：商务印书馆,2010年。
84.韩升,《生活于共同体之中：查尔斯·泰勒的政治哲学》,北京：中国社会科学出版社,2010年。
85.[美]麦金太尔著,龚群译,《伦理学简史》,北京：商务印书馆,2010年。
86.[英]约翰·密尔著,顾肃译,《论自由》,南京：译林出版社,2010年。
87.[英]休谟著,周晓亮译,《论道德原理论人类理智》,南京：译林出版社,2010年。
88.[美]托马斯·内格尔著,贾可春译,《本然的观点》,北京：中国人民大学出版社,2010年。
89.徐清飞,《求索正义：罗尔斯正义理论发展探究》,北京：法律出版社,2010年。
90.[美]涛慕思·博格著,顾肃等译,《罗尔斯：生平与正义理论》,北京：中国人民大学出版社,2010年。
91.[美]涛慕思·博格著,刘莘等译,《康德、罗尔斯与全球正义》,上海：上海译文出版社,2010年。
92.文长春,《正义：政治哲学的视界》,哈尔滨：黑龙江大学出版社,2010年。
93.徐贲,《通往尊严的公共生活》,北京：新星出版社,2010年。
94.包利民,《古典政治哲学史论》,北京：人民出版社,2010年。
95.[美]阿拉斯戴尔·麦金太尔著,宋继杰译,《追寻美德》,南京：译林出版社,2011年。
96.张容南,《一种解释学的现代性话语：查尔斯·泰勒论现代性》,上海：上海人民出版社,2011年。
97.[印]阿玛蒂亚·森,[英]伯纳德·威廉姆斯编,梁捷等译,《超越功利主义》,上海：复旦大学出版社,2011年。
98.[英]亚当·斯密著,宋德利译,《道德情操论》,南京：译林出版社,2011年。
99.[美]约翰·罗尔斯著,万俊人译,《政治自由主义(增订版)》,南京：译林出版社,2011年。
100.[美]约翰·罗尔斯著,杨通进等译,《政治哲学史讲义》,北京：中国社会科学出版社,2011年。
101.[美]约翰·罗尔斯著,张晓辉等译,《万民法》,长春：吉林人民出版社,2011年。
102.杨伟清,《正当与善：罗尔斯思想中的核心问题》,北京：人民出版社,2011年。
103.[英]昆廷·斯金纳著,奚瑞森等译,《现代政治思想的基础》,南京：译林出版社,2011年。
104.[美]亚当·普热沃尔斯基著,丁韶彬译,《资本主义与社会民主》,北京：中国 人民大学出版社,2012年。
105.[美]达尔著,李凤华译,《论民主》,北京：中国人民大学出版社,2012年。
106.[英]哈罗德·拉斯基著,林冈等译,《欧洲自由主义的兴起》,北京：中国人民大学出版社,2012年。
107.[英]约翰·基恩著,李勇刚译,《全球公民社会?》,北京：中国人民大学出版社,2012年。
108.[意]克罗齐著,田时纲译,《历史学的理论和历史》,北京：中国人民大学出版社,2012年。
109.[荷]佩西·莱宁著,孟伟译,《罗尔斯政治哲学导论》,北京：人民出版社,2012年。
110.刘贺青,《罗尔斯国际政治思想研究》,上海：上海大学出版社,2012年。
2 TheLiberalism-Communitarianism Debate:Liberty and Community Values, ed.C.F.Delaney, Lanham, MD:Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.,1994, p.ⅶ.
3 William Galston, Liberal Pluralism:The Implications of Value Pluralism for Political Theory and Practice, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002, p.3.
1 William Galston, Liberal Pluralism:The Implications of Value Pluralism for Political Theory and Practice, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002, p.3.
2 Ibid, p.3.
3 [美]丹尼尔·贝尔著,李琨译,《社群主义及其批评者》,北京：三联书店,2002年,第17页。
4 Michael Walzer, The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism, Political Theory:An International Journal of Political Philosophy,18:1 (February 1990):6.
1 [美]迈克尔·桑德尔著,万俊人等译,《自由主义与正义的局限》,南京：译林出版社,2001年。
2 Alasdair Maclntyre, After Virtue:A Study in Moral Theory,2nd ed. (Notre Dame, IN:University of Notre Dame Press,1984), pp.204-205.
3 [英]斯蒂芬·缪哈尔 亚当·斯威夫特著,孙晓春译,《自由主义者与社群主义者》,长春：吉林人民出版社, 2007年,第184页。
1 Charles Taylor, Cross Purposes:The Liberal-Communitarian Debate, in Liberalism and the Moral Life, ed. Nancy L. Rosenblum, Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1989.
2 关于文化阐释的“厚重”与“稀薄”的解释,参见：[美]克利福德·格尔茨著,韩莉译,《文化的解释》,南京：译林出版社,1999年。或Michael Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad, Notre Dame, IN:Notre Dame University Press,1994.
3 Charles Taylor, Hegel and Modern Society, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1979, pp.157-159.
4 William Galston, Liberal Pluralism:The Implications of Value Pluralism for Political Theory and Practice, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002, pp.3-4.
1 关于美国的个人主义,参见：[美]罗伯特·帕特南著,刘波等译,《独自打保龄：美国社区的衰落与复兴》北京：北京大学出版社,2011年。或者Robert Bellah, Richard Madsen, William Sullivan, Ann Swidler, and Steven Tipton, Habits of the Heart, Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,1985.
2 [加]威尔·金里卡著,刘莘译,《当代政治哲学》,上海：上海三联书店,2003年,第418-449页。
3 [美]约翰·罗尔斯著,万俊人译,《政治自由主义》,南京：译林出版社,2011年。自由主义理论家对社群主义的思考可以参见：[英]斯蒂芬·缪哈尔 亚当·斯威夫特著,孙晓春译,《自由主义者与社群主义者》,长春：吉林人民出版社,2007年。[美]丹尼尔·贝尔著,李琨译,《社群主义及其批评者》,北京：三联书店,2002年。
4 William Galston, Liberal Purposes:Good, Virtues, and Diversity in the Liberal State, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1991.; William Galston, Liberal Pluralism:The Implications of ValuePluralism for Political Theory and Practice, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002.;[加]威尔·金里卡著,应奇等译,《自由主义、社群与文化》,上海：上海译文出版社,2005年。[加]威尔·金里卡著,杨立峰译,《多元文化的公民权》,上海：上海译文出版社,2009年。[加]威尔·金里卡著,邓红风译,《少数的权利：民族主义、多元文化主义和公民》,上海：上海译文出版社,2005年。[英]约瑟夫·拉兹著,孙晓春等译,《自由的道德》,长春：吉林人民出版社,2006年。[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,上海：译林出版社,2002 年。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第5页。
2 Michael Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad, Notre Dame, IN:Notre Dame University Press,1994.
1 Lewis Coser and Irving Howe, The American Communist Party:A Critical History, New York, Frederick A Praeger,1962.沃尔泽参与了其中的第九和第十章,分别是："Are the Yanks Coming?"(pp.387-436); "The Cold War: Repression and Collapse" (pp.437-499).
2 M.Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century, New York: Basic Books,1988, pp.170-190.
3 M. Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1965.
1 沃尔泽后来将这个讲座的内容写成论文："The Obligation to Disobey"in M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays in Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, pp.3-23.
1 M. Walzer, M. Lorberbaum, N. Zohar, and A. Ackerman, ed, The Jewish Political Tradition, volume one:authority (New Haven:Yale University Press,2000), and volume two:membership (New Haven:Yale University Press,2003).中文版参见[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽等编,刘平等译, 《犹太的政治传统(卷一)》,上海：华东师范大学出版社,2011年。[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽等编,冯洁音译,《犹太的政治传统(卷二)》,上海：华东师范大学出版社,2011年。
2 M. Walzer, ed., Law, Politics, and Morality in Judaism, Princeton:Princeton University Press,2006.
3 M. Walzer and N. Mills, ed., Getting Out:Historical Perspectives on Leaving Iraq, Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press,2009.
1 [美]阿拉斯戴尔·麦金太尔著,万俊人等译,《谁之正义?何种合理性?》,北京：当代中国出版社,1996年,第18页。
2 [美]阿拉斯戴尔·麦金太尔著,万俊人等译,《谁之正义?何种合理性?》,北京：当代中国出版社,1996年,第17-18页。
1 M. Bevir, The Logic of the History of Ideas, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999, p.208.
2 Ibid, p.209.
3 M. Bevir, The Logic of the History of Ideas, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999, pp.221-222.
4 [美]阿拉斯戴尔·麦金太尔著,万俊人等译,《谁之正义?何种合理性?》,北京：当代中国出版社,1996年,第525页。
1 M.Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1965, p. vii.
2 M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, p.9.
1 M.Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1965, p.ix.
2 S. Beer, British Politics in the Collectivist Age, New York:Alfred Knopf,1965.
3 M. Bevir and D. O'Brien, "From Idealism to Communitarianism:The Inheritance and Legacy of John Macmurray," History of Political Thought, Vol. XXIV, No.2 (Summer 2003),321.
4 M.Walzer, Political Action:A Practical Guide to Movement Politics, Chicago:Quadrangle Books,1971,p.9.
1 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.307-308.
3 [美]罗伯特·诺齐克著,姚大志译,《无政府、国家和乌托邦》,北京：中国社会科学出版社,2008年。诺齐克
2 Ibid, p.308.在这本著作的致谢中对沃尔泽表示了感谢。“过去一些年,当我就本书的某些话题反复验证迈克尔·沃尔泽的想法的时候,我得益于他的评论、提问和反驳。”
4 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.307.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社2008年。沃尔泽在本书的致谢中提到了诺齐克的影响。“我与罗伯特·诺齐克就战争理论中最困难的问题进行了友好的争论,他的观点、假想案例、质问和建议帮助我形成了读者所见到的这本书。”
6 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.308.
1 M. Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1965, p.ix.
2 M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, p.ⅷ.
3 M. Walzer, Political Action:A Practical Guide to Movement Politics, Chicago:Quadrangle Books,1971, p.15.
4 M. Walzer, Political Action:A Practical Guide to Movement Politics, Chicago:Quadrangle Books,1971, p.18.
1 M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, p.98.
2 Ibid, p.101.
3 M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, p.231.
4 M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, p.98.
1 M.Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1965, pp.12-13.
2 Ibid,p.48.
3 Ibid,p.2.
4 M.Walzer,"Anti-Communism and the CIA," Dissent, (May-June 1967),274-280; "The Condition of Greece:Twenty Years After the Truman Doctrine," Dissent (July-August 1967),421-431; "The Exodus and Revolution:An Exercise in Comparative History," Mosaic, vol.8 (1967),6-21; "Moral Judgment in Time of War," Dissent, (May-June 1967), 284-292; "The Obligation to Disobey," Ethics,77 (1967),163-175; and "On the Role of Symbolism in Political Thought," Political Science Quarterly,82 (1967),191-204.
1 M.Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1965, p.28.
2 Ibid, p.18.
3 Ibid, pp.300-306.
4 M.Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1965, p.303.
3 M.Walzer, Political Action:A Practical Guide to Movement Politics, Chicago:Quadrangle Books,1971, pp.120-121.
6 [美]迈克尔·桑德尔著,曾纪茂译,《民主的不满：美国在寻求一种公共哲学》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年。
1 M.Walzer, Political Action:A Practical Guide to Movement Politics, Chicago:Quadrangle Books,1971,p.l21; M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, pp.203-204.
2 M.Walzer, Political Action:A Practical Guide to Movement Politics, Chicago:Quadrangle Books,1971, p.121.
3 M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970 p.188.
4 M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, p.73.
1 M.Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1965, p.66.
2 M. Walzer, Obligations:Essays on Disobedience, War, and Citizenship, Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1970, p.73.
1 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism, New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.ⅶ.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年。该著作最初发表于1977年,先后在1992年、2000年和2006年进行了三次修订。
2 M. Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980.
3 M.Walzer, "A Day in the Life of a Socialist Citizen," in Radical Principles, pp.128-138.
4 M.Walzer, "Political Action:The Problem of Dirty Hands," in Thinking Politically, pp.278-295.
5 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.157.
6 Ibid, p.157.
1 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.306.
2 本文分别使用《》和“”来标注沃尔泽的著作和论文,下同。
1 B. Orend, Michael Walzer on War and Justice, Cardiff:University of Wales Press,2000, p.2.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第17页。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第320页。
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第23页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第28页。
2 Ibid, p.28这段描述是沃尔泽在《阐释与社会批评》中关于道德理论的合理路径的观点的前兆。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第28页。
4 Ibid, p.29.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第3页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第15-17页。按照沃尔泽的观点,就像道德判断一样,军事判断也是规范性的和描述性的。战略家所做的战略部署,就像道德一样是“一种用来证明正当性的语言”。它们以一种参与者可以理解的方式来解释实际发生了什么。而且,在这两种情形中,“只有当道德和军事策略术语的实质性内容,已经非常清晰明确时,才能以祈使的方式使用它们,才能以规则的形式,表达这些术语包含的智慧。”
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第18页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第59页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第62页。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第67页。
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第68页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第70-72页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第105页。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第99页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第100页。
2 Ibid, p.113.
3 Ibid, p.120.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第127页。
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第129页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第135页。
2 Ibid, p.141.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第142-143页。
4 Ibid, p.144.
5 Ibid,pp.145-146.
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第146页。
7 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第150页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年.第153页。
2 Ibid,p.158.
3 Ibid,p.160.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第162页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年.第168-169页。
2 Ibid,p.170.
3 Ibid,p.173.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第198页。
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第199页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第205页。
2 Ibid, p.206.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第217页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第253页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第256页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第261页。
2 Ibid, p.263.
3 Ibid, p.279.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第280页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第289页。
2 Ibid, p.294.
3 Ibid, p.295.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第296页。
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第320页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年.第332页。
2 Ibid, p.335.
3 Ibid, p.336.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第341页。
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第346页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第363页。
2 Ibid, p.369.
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.11.
2 M. Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.9.
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, pp.4-5.
2 Ibid, p.17.
3 M. Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.31.
4 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.37.
1 Ibid, p.37.
2 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.40.
3 Ibid, p.41.
4 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.46.
1 Ibid, pp.46-47.
2 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.49.
3 Ibid, p.52.
4 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.77.
5 Ibid, p.85.
6 Ibid, p.90.
7 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.87.
1 Ibid, p.92.
2 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.101.
3Ibid, p.109.
4 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, pp. 54-64.
5 Ibid, p.68.
6 Ibid, p.109
7 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.121.
8 Ibid, p.127.
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.156
2 Ibid, pp.171-172.
3 Ibid, p.174.
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.183.
5 Ibid, p.185.
3 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.195.
4 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.196.
5 Ibid, p.198.
6 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.200.
7 Ibid, p.225.
8 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.230.
9 Ibid, p.233.
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.202.
2 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, pp. 203-204.
3 Ibid, p.205.
4 MWalzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.206.
5 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.216.
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.220.
2 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.220.
3 Ibid, p.221.
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.272.
2 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, pp. 273-274.
3 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.275.
4 Ibid, p.278.
5 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.242.
6 Ibid, p.243.
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.237.
2 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.238.
3 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.239.
4 Ibid, p.240.
5 Ibid, p.244
1 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.245.
2 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.245.
3 Ibid, p.255
4 M.Walzer, Radical Principles:Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat, New York:Basic Books,1980, p.256
5 M.Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis Ⅹ Ⅵ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, p.5.
1 M. Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis ⅩⅥ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, p.16.
2 Ibid, p.35.
3 M. Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis ⅩⅥ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, p.47.
4 Ibid, p.49.
1 M. Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis ⅩⅥ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, pp.50-51.
2 Ibid, p.51.
3 M. Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis ⅩⅥ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, p.62.
4 Ibid, p.64.
5 Ibid, p.75.
1 M. Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis ⅩⅥ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, pp.76-77.
2 M. Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis ⅩⅥ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, p.79.
3 M. Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis ⅩⅥ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, p.85.
1 M. Walzer, "Political Action:The Problem of Dirty Hands,"Philosophy and Public Affairs,1973(2):160-180后又收录在论文集《政治性的思考》,本文的引用采用的是本论文集的页码。M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.278.
1 M. Walzer, "Political Action:The Problem of Dirty Hands "Philosophy and Public Affairs,1973(2):160-180后又收录在论文集《政治性的思考》,本文的引用采用的是本论文集的页码。M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.279.
2 Ibid, p.282.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.283.
4 M. Walzer, "Political Action:The Problem of Dirty Hands,"Philosophy and Public Affairs,1973(2):160-180,后又收录在论文集《政治性的思考》,本文的引用采用的是本论文集的页码。M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.286.
1 Ibid, pp.286-287.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.290-291.
3 Ibid, pp.291-292.
4 M. Walzer, "Political Action:The Problem of Dirty Hands,"Philosophy and Public Affairs,1973(2):160-180后又收 录在论文集《政治性的思考》,本文的引用采用的是本论文集的页码。M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.293.
1 M. Walzer, "The Moral Standing of States:A Response to Four Critics "Philosophy and Public Affairs,1980(9): 209-229. M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.219.沃尔泽在本文中回应的四位批评者是：R. Wasserstrom, "Review of Michael Walzer's Just and Unjust Wars:A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations, Harvard Law Review, vol.92, no.2 (December 1978),536-545; G. Doppelt, "Walzer's Theory of Morality in International Relations," Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol.8, no.1 (Autumn 1978),3-26; C. Beitz, "Bounded Morality:Justice and the State in World Politics," International Organizations, vol.33, no.3 (Summer 1979),405-424; D. Luban, "Just War and Human Rights," Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol.9, no.2 (Winter 1980),161-181.
1 M. Walzer, "The Moral Standing of States:A Response to Four Critics"Philosophy and Public Affairs,1980(9):209-229.后收录在M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press, 2007, p.220.
2 Ibid, p.233.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.233.
4 Ibid, p.220.
5 M. Walzer, "The Moral Standing of States:A Response to Four Critics,"Philosophy and Public Affairs,1980(9): 209-229. M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.221.
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社, 2008年,第101页。
1 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.223.
2 Ibid, p.224.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.229.
4 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.230-231.
5 Ibid, p.231.
6 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.232.
1 Ibid, p.226.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.234.
3 M. Walzer, "Political Decision-Making and Political Education,"in Political Theory and Political Education, ed. M. Richer, pp.159-176. Princeton:Princeton University Press,1980, p.159.
1 Ibid, p.160.
2 Ibid, pp.160-161.
3 Ibid, p.163.
4 M. Walzer, "Political Decision-Making and Political Education,"in Political Theory and Political Education, ed. M. Richer, pp.159-176. Princeton:Princeton University Press,1980, pp.164-165.
5 Ibid, p.167.
6 Ibid, p.169.
7 M. Walzer, "Political Decision-Making and Political Education,"in Political Theory and Political Education, ed. M. Richer, pp.159-176. Princeton:Princeton University Press,1980, p.169.
8 M. Walzer, "Political Decision-Making and Political Education,"in Political Theory and Political Education, ed. M. Richer, pp.159-176. Princeton:Princeton University Press,1980, p.170.
9 Ibid, p.174.
10 Ibid, p.175.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第71-75页。以及M. Walzer, "Education, Democratic Citizenship, and Multiculturalism," Journal of Philosophy of Education, vol.29, issue 2 (1995), 181-189.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第74页。
3 M. Walzer, "Education, Democratic Citizenship, and Multiculturalism," Journal of Philosophy of Education, vol.29, issue 2 (1995),185-187.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第80页。
1 Walzer, "Philosophy and Democracy," in Political Theory,9 (1981),379-399,后收录在M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.1-21本文引用页码采用的是后者的页码。
2 M.Walzer. Thinkinz Politically:Essays in Political Theory. New Haven:Yale University Press.2007. p.1.
3 Ibid,p.9.
4 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007.pp.1-2.
5 Ibid, p.2.
6 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.2.
'Ibid, p.6
8 M. Walzer, "Liberalism and the Art of Separation," in Thinking Politically, p.65.
1 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.6.
2 Ibid, pp.6-7.
3 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.8.
4 M. Walzer. Thinking Politically:Essavs in Political Theory. New Haven:Yale University Press.2007. pp.8-9.
5 M. Walzer. Thinkinz Politically:Essavs in Political Theory. New Haven:Yale University Press.2007. pp.10-11.
6 Ibid, p.12.
1 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.13-14.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.15.
3 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.16.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第5页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第6页。
3 bid, p.106.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第1页。
2 [美]罗伯特·诺齐克著,姚大志译,《无政府、国家和乌托邦》,北京：中国社会科学出版社,2008年。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第4页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第5页。诺齐克,或者其他的自由主义者可能否认他们的理论遵循的是第一种模式。因为他们认为,“分配正义”这个词是一种误用,因为并没有人在分配。这也是沃尔泽强调人们是在共同进行分配,而不是通过一个主要的分配代理人在进行分配。在《正义诸领域》的第12页,沃尔泽认为,“对一种支配性善的垄断性控制造就了一个统治阶级,其成员高踞分配体系之巅——正如声称拥有自己所热爱的智慧的哲学家们可能喜欢做的那样。”
2 bid, p.31.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第419页。
1 Ibid,p.418.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第6页。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第6-10页。
4 Ibid,pp.11-15
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第15页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第174-175页。
3 Ibid, pp.175-176.
1 M. Walzer, "Liberalism and the Art of Separation," Political Theory 1984(12):315-330.后收录在M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.53-67.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.53.
3 Ibid, p.55.
4 Ibid, pp.54-55.
1 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.58.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.58-59.
3 Ibid, p.59.
4 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007,p.59.这里有三个方面的原因：首先,不平等的财富导致了压迫,因为“很多交换只是形式上自由的”；其次,市场权力的某些类型是通过组织形式组织起来的,它们与国家组织具有很大的相似性；第三,资本对政府管理的影响。所有这些原因,沃尔泽都在《正义诸领域》中进行了说明。
5 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.60.
6 Ibid, p.62.
7 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.63.
1 M.Walzer. Thinkine Politically:Essavs in Political Theorv. New Haven:Yale University Press.2007.p.63
2 Ibid, pp.63-66.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.65.
1 M. Walzer, Exodus and Revolution.New York:Basic Books,1985, p.9.
2 Ibid.p.7.
3 M. Walzer, Exodus and Revolution.New York:Basic Books,1985, p.12
4 Ibid; p.14.
5 M. Walzer, Exodus and Revolution.New York:Basic Books,1985, p.149.
1 Ibid, pp.21-22.
2 M. Walzer, Exodus and Revolution.New York:Basic Books,1985, pp.22-23.
3 M. Walzer, Exodus and Revolution.New York:Basic Books,1985, p.30.
4 Ibid, p.103.
5 Ibid, p.149.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第34页。
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.96-114.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京,译林出版社,2002年,第4页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京,译林出版社,2002年,第2-3页。
3 M.Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad, Notre Dame, IN:Notre Dame University Press, 1994, pp.xi,16-17.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京,译林出版社,2002年,第23-24页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京,译林出版社,2002年,第5页。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京,译林出版社,2002年,第23页。
4 Ibid, p.419.
5 Ibid, p.6.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京,译林出版社,2002年,第7页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京,译林出版社,2002年,第424页。
3 Ibid, pp.131-137.
4 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.59.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第127-132页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第127-131页。不能进行买卖的物品的完整清单：(1)人口不能买卖；(2)政治权力和影响不能买卖；(3)刑事司法是不能出售的；(4)言论、新闻、宗教、集会自由；(5)婚姻和生育权是不可出售的；(6)离开政治共同体的权利不可出售；(7)免除服兵役、免于陪审团职责、免于其他任何形式的公共工作的义务既不能由政府出售,也不能由公民购买；(8)政治职位不能购买；(9)基本的福利服务如警察保护或初级、中级学校教育只在边际情况下才可购买。对于每一个公民来说,都有一个最低保证且不需要个人为之支付费用。(10)绝望交易(Desperate exchange),“最后手段的交易”是禁止的；(11)多种奖品和荣誉,不论是公共还是私人设立的,都不是可以买到的；(12)神的恩宠是买不到的。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第3页。
2 Ibid, p.376.
3 Ibid, p.374.
4 Ibid, pp.372-373.
1 "Liberalism and the Art of Separation,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven: Yale University Press,2007, p.62.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.66.
3 Ibid, p.69
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第407页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第412页。
2 Ibid, p.414.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.17.
4 Ibid, pp.17-18.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第379-380页。
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第378页。
1 Ibid, p.380.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第410页。
3 M. Walzer, "The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism,"Political Theory 1990(18):6-23后收录在M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.96-114.
4 Ibid, p.112.
5 Walzer, "Liberalism and the Art of Separation,"Political Theory 1984(12):315-330后收录在M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.63.
1 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.65.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.96.
3 M. Walzer, "What is the Good Society?"Dis,Dissent, winter 2009.
4 M. Walzer, "The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism,"Political Theory 1990(18):6-23.
1 Ibid, p.6.
2 Ibid, pp.6-8.
3 M. Walzer, interview by Amy Otchet, "Michael Walzer:A User's Guide to Democracy," United Nations Educational Scientific and Educational Organization, January 2000. http://www.unesco.org/courier/2000_01/uk/dires/txtl.htm.
4 沃尔泽在《政治与激情》中概括了存在问题的社群类型。M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism, New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, pp.49-55.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第38页。
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.68.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第419页。
3 Michael Walzer, "What is the Good Society?"Dissent, winter 2009. http://dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=1333.
1 Michael Walzer, "What is the Good Society?"Dissent, winter 2009. http://dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=1333.
2 M. Walzer,Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.47.
3 M. Walzer, "What is the Good Society?"Dissent, winter 2009. http://dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=1333.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译, 《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第34页。
5 Elizabeth Bounds, "Conflicting Harmonies:Michael Walzer's Vision of Community."Journal of Religious Ethics 22:2 (Fall 1994):356.
1 M. Walzer, "What is the Good Society?"Dissent, winter 2009. http://dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=1333.
2 [加]威尔·金里卡著,应奇等译,《自由主义、社群与文化》,上海：上海译文出版社,2005年,第11章“沃尔泽与少数群体权利”。
3 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p. 64.
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.72.
2 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, pp.74-75.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第419页。
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第34-35页。
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第50页。
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年, 第38页。
1 Ibid, p.38.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第49页。
3 M. Walzer, interview by Amy Otchet, January 2000.Amy Otchet, "Michael Walzer:A User's Guide to Democracy," United Nations Educational Scientific and Educational Organization. January 2000. http://www.unesco.org/courier/2000-01/uk/dires/txtl.htm.
4 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.xvi-xvii.
5 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.49.
1 M. Walzer, "Shared Meanings in a Poly-ethnic Democratic Setting:A Response." Journal of Religious Ethics 22, no. 2 (Fall 1994):401-405,401.
2 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.50.
3 Ibid, p,55.
4 M. Walzer, "Shared Meanings in a Poly-ethnic Democratic Setting:A Response," Journal of Religious Ethics 22:2 (Fall 1994):401.
5 M. Walzer, "Shared Meanings in a Poly-ethnic Democratic Setting:A Response," Journal of Religious Ethics 22:2 (Fall 1994):402.
6 M. Walzer, "Shared Meanings in a Poly-ethnic Democratic Setting:A Response," Journal of Religious Ethics 22:2 (Fall 1994):403.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第34页。
2 M. Walzer, "Political Theology:Response to the Six."Political Theology 7:1 (2006):91-99,93.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第35页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第62页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第63页。
3 M. Walzer, Exodus and Revolution.New York:Basic Books,1985, p.16
4 M. Walzer, Exodus andRevolution-New York:Basic Books,1985, p.6.
5 Ibid,p.68.
5 Ibid.pp.24-25.
1 Ibid, p.73.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第60页。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第5-6页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第419页。
2 M.Walzer,"Philosophy and Democracy,"Political vol.9,no.3,August 1981.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第3页。
2 M. Walzer, "Liberalism and the Art of Separation "Political Theory, vol.12, no.3, August 1984, pp.320-321,323.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第5-8页；R. Dworkin, "To Each His Own,"New York Review of Books, April 14,1983.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第4页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第417-418页。
1 Michael Walzer, Menachem Lorberbaum, Noam Zohar, and Ari Ackerman, ed.The Jewish Political Tradition, Volume 1:Authority. New Haven:Yale University Press,2000; Volume 2:Membership (2003).
2 M. Walzer, Law, Politics, and Morality in Judaism. Princeton:Princeton University Press,2006.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第1页,致谢部分。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第6-7页。
2 Ibid, p.7.
1 M. Walzer, "Justice Here and Now," in Justice and Equality Here and Now, ed. Frank S. Lucash. Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1986, pp.136-150; Walzer, "The Reform of the International System," pp.227-250,276; and M. Walzer, "Toward a Theory of Social Assignments," in American Society:Public and Private Responsibilities, ed. W. Knowlton and R. Zechhauser. Cambridge:Harper and Row, Ballinger,1986, pp.79-96.
2 M. Walzer, "What's Terrorism and What Isn't?" Dissent (Summer 1986),274-275; "Pleasures and Costs of Urbanity," Dissent (Fall 1986),470-475.
3 M. Walzer, "Cheap Moralizing,"in the symposium "The Jeweler's Dilemma:How Would You Respond?"New Republic,195 (November 10,1986),20.
4 M. Walzer, "The Long-Term Perspective," in Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, vol.62 (January-February 1986),8-14.
5 I. Berlin, the Hedgehog and the Fax. Touchstone, New York:Simon and Schuster,1986.
6 M. Walzer, Civil Society and American Democracy. Berlin:Rotbuch Verlag,1992.
7 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年。
8 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992.
9 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988.
10 M. Walzer, "Justice Here and Now,"in Justice and Equality Here and Now, ed. Frank S.Lucash, pp.136-150. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
11 M. Walzer, "A Critique of Philosophical Conversation," Philosophical Forum 21, (1990),182-196.
12 M. Walzer, "The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism," Political Theory,18, (1990),6-23.
1 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, p.x.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory,New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.183-218.
3 M. Walzer, "Emergency Ethics," in J. Carl Ficarrotta, ed., The Leader's Imperative:ethics, integrity, and responsibility. Purdue University Press,2001, pp.126-139.
4 M. Walzer, "Perplexed:Moral Ambiguities in the Gulf Crisis," New Republic, vol.204 (January 1991),13-15; M. Walzer, "Justice and Injustice in the Gulf War," in But Was It Just?; Re/lections on the Morality of the Persian Gulf Wared. D. DeCosse, (New York:Doubleday,1992), pp.1-17.
5 M. Walzer, "The Green Line:After the Uprising, Israel's New Border," in New Republic, vol.199(September 5, 1988),22-24.
6 M. Walzer, "Terrorism:A Critique of Excuses," in Problems of International Justice, ed. S. Luper Foy (Boulder: Westview Press,1988), pp.237-247.
7 M. Walzer, "The Idea of Holy War in Ancient Isral," Journal of Religious Ethics, vol.20 (1992),215-228.
8 M. Walzer, "The Legal Codes of Ancient Isral," Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities, vol.4 (1992),335-349
1 T. Ball, J. Farr, and R. L. Hanson, Political Innovation and Conceptual Change, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1989, pp.211-219.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第1页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第2页。在第3-4页,沃尔泽给出了对“发现”的世俗解释：“我对宗教道德的简介只是一个引子,目的是引出后面的非宗教的论述。不光有宗教的发现,还有自然的发现,比如说,告诉我们存在自然法、自然权利或任何客观道德真理的哲学家都是从发现之路走来的。他或许像一个道德的人类学家一样在真实的社会里寻找什么是自然。如果按照哲学事业的通常方式,他更可能是在内心、在精神世界里寻找,做超凡脱俗的静观沉思。只有摆脱社会身份,退回自己的内心,哲学家才能看清这个道德世界。他使自己从特殊团体利益和忠诚中超脱出来,放弃自己看问题的角度和方式,像托马斯·内格尔主张的那样,‘从本然观点’出发观察世界。”
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第4页。以及T. Nagel, The View from Nowhere, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1986.; "The Limits of Objectivity" in The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, vol.1, Salt Lake City:Utah University Press,1980.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第4页。
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第3-7页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第9-12页。
2 Ibid, p.14.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第17页。
2 Ibid, p.18.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第19页。
4 Ibid, p.22.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第23-26页。
2 Ibid, pp.28-29.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第29-30页。
2 Ibid, p.34关于这一点可以参考：[美]托马斯·库恩著,金吾伦等译,《科学革命的结构》,北京：北京大学出版社,2003年。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第37页。
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第38-40页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第43-46页。
2 Ibid, p.48.
3 Ibid, pp.50-51.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第53-54页。
1 Ibid, p.62.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第62-63页。
3 Ibid, pp.64-65.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第77-78页。
1 Ibid,pp.82-83.
2 Ibid,p.85.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第88页。
2 Ibid, p.99.
3 Ibid, p.101.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第110页。
5 Ibid, p.118.
6 Ibid, p.119.
1 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, p.26.
2 Ibid, p.191.
3 Ibid, p.209.
4 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, p.3.
5 Ibid, pp.3-9.
6 Ibid, p.19.
7 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, pp.21-28.
8 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, p.26.
1 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, p.221.
2 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, pp.151-152.
3 Ibid, p.224.
1 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, pp.229-240.
2 M. Walzer, "A Critique of Philosophical Conversation," Philosophical Forum,21(1990),182-196. M. Walzer.后收录在M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.22-37.
* M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.23.
1 Ibid, pp.24-25.
2 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.25-28.
3 Ibid, pp.28-29.
4 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.31.
1 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.32-33.
2 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.33-35.
3 M. Walzer, "The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism,"Political Theory 1990(18):6-23.后收录在M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.96-114.
4 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.96.
1 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.97.
2 Ibid, p.99.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.100.
1 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.101-103.
2 Ibid.p.103.
3 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press.2007.p.104.
4 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007,p.105.
5 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007,p.106.
1 Ibid, p.107.
2 Ibid, p.109.
3 Ibid, p.110.
4 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.110.
5 M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.111.
6 "Nation and Universe," in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.183-218.
1 Ibid, p.185.
2 "Nation and Universe," in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.186.
3 "Nation and Universe," in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.188.
4 "Nation and Universe," in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.190.
1 Ibid. p.196.
2 Ibid, p.198.
3 "Nation and Universe," in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.200.
4 "Nation and Universe," in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.206.
5 "Objectivity and Social Meaning,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.38-52.
6 Ibid, pp.38-40.
1 "Objectivity and Social Meaning,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.40.
2 "Objectivity and Social Meaning,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.41-42.
3 "Objectivity and Social Meaning,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.45-46.
1 "Objectivity and Social Meaning,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.48-51.
2 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.2.
3 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.5.
1 M. Walzer, On Toleration. New Haven:Yale University Press,1997, pp.8-10.以及"The Politics of Difference: Statehood and Toleration in a Multicultural World," in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.168-182.
2 "Exclusion, Injustice, and the Democratic State," in M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.81-95.
3 M. Walzer, "Multiculturalism and the Politics of Interest," in Insider/Outsider:American Jews and Multiculturalism, ed. D. Biale, M. Galchinsky, and S. Heschel. Berkeley:University of California Press,1998, pp.88-98. 以及M. Walzer, "Blacks and Jews:A Personal Reflection," in Struggles in the Promised Land:Toward a History of Black-Jewish Relations in the United States, ed. J. Salzman and C. West (Oxford:Oxford University Press,1997), p. 409,和M. Walzer, "Michael Sandel's America," in Debating Democracy's Discontent:Essays on American Politics, Law, and Public Philosophy, ed. A. Allen and M. Regan, Jr. (Oxford:Oxford University Press,1998), p.181.
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.21.
2 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, pp.5-6.
3 Ibid, p.7.
4 Ibid, p.8.
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.9.
2 Ibid, pp.15-16.
3 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.28.
4 Ibid, p.33.
5 Ibid, p.58.
6 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.60.
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.83.
2 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, pp.102-103.
3 "Justice Here and Now,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.69.
4 M. Walzer, "The Long-Term Perspective,"Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 62(1986):8-14, p.10.
1 "Justice Here and Now,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.73.
2 Ibid, p.73.
3 "Justice Here and Now,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.69-79.
4 Ibid, p.80.
5 Ibid, p.80.
1 "Justice Here and Now,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.68-80.
2 "Toward a Theory of Social Assignments,"in American Society:Public and Private Responsibilities, ed. W. Knowlton and R. Zechhauser, pp.79-96.Cambridge:Harper and Row, Ballinger,1986; "Socializing the Welfare State,"in Democracy and the Welfare State, ed. A. Gutmann, pp.13-26,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1988.
1 "Toward a Theory of Social Assignments,"in American Society:Public and Private Responsibilities, ed. W. Knowlton and R. Zechhauser, pp.79-96.Cambridge:Harper and Row, Ballinger,1986, pp.79-80.
2 "Toward a Theory of Social Assignments,"in American Society:Public and Private Responsibilities, ed. W. Knowlton and R. Zechhauser, pp.79-96.Cambridge:Harper and Row, Ballinger,1986, pp.80-81.
3 Ibid, p.81.
1 "Toward a Theory of Social Assignments,"in American Society:Public and Private Responsibilities, ed. W. Knowlton and R. Zechhauser, pp.79-96.Cambridge:Harper and Row, Ballinger,1986, pp.82-90.
2 "Toward a Theory of Social Assignments,"in American Society:Public and Private Responsibilities, ed. W. Knowlton and R. Zechhauser, pp.79-96.Cambridge:Harper and Row, Ballinger,1986, pp.91-95.
3 "Socializing the Welfare State,"in Democracy and the Welfare State, ed. A. Gutmann, pp.13-26,Princeton:Princeton University Press, 1988, p. 13.
1 "Socializing the Welfare State,"in Democracy and the Welfare State, ed. A. Gutmann, pp.13-26,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1988, pp.15-26.
2 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, p.3.
3 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, p.3.
1 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, pp.4-6.
2 Ibid, p.7.
3 Ibid, p.11.
4 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, p.13.
1 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, p.17.
2 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, pp.18-19.
3 Ibid, p.49.
4 Ibid, p.66.
5 Ibid, pp.76-77.
1 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, p.106.
2 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, p.108.
3 Ibid, p.111.
4 Ibid, p.115.
5 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, p.118.
1 Ibid, pp.123-124.
2 M.Walzer, "Exclusion, Injustice, and the Democratic State "Dissent, (winter 1993):55-64.后收录在M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.81-95.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.82.
4 Ibid, pp.85-86.
5 Ibid,p.83.
6 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.94.
1 D. Miller and M. Walzer, ed., Pluralism, Justice, and Equality, (Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995).
2 Brian Barry's "Spherical Justice and Global Injustice,"in D. Miller and M. Walzer, ed., Pluralism, Justice, and Equality, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995, pp.67-80.
3 Richard Arneson's "Against'Complex'Equality,"in D. Miller and M. Walzer, ed., Pluralism, Justice, and Equality, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995, pp.226-252.
4 Susan Okin's "Politics and the Complex Inequality of Gender," in D. Miller and M. Walzer, ed., Pluralism, Justice, and Equality, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995, pp.120-143.
Judith Andre's "Blocked Exchanges:A Taxonomy,"in D. Miller and M. Walzer, ed., Pluralism, Justice, and Equality, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995, pp.171-196.
6 D. Miller and M. Walzer, ed., Pluralism, Justice, and Equality, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995, p.281.
7 D. Miller and M. Walzer, ed., Pluralism, Justice, and Equality, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995, p.292.
1 D. Miller and M. Walzer, ed., Pluralism, Justice, and Equalitv, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995,pp.292-293.
2 Ibid, pp.293-295.
3 Ibid, pp.295-296.
4 Ibid, pp.296-297.
5 M. Walzer, "The Concept of Civil Society," Dissent (Spring 1991).后收录在M. Walzer, "The Concept of Civil Society,"in Toward a Global Civil Society, ed. M.Walzer, Providence, R. I.:Berghahn Books,1995, pp.7-27; M. Walzer, "The Civil Society Argument," in Theorizing Citizenship, ed. R. Beiner, (Albany:State University of New York Press,1995), pp.153-174.
1 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.115
1 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.123.
3 Ibid, pp.116-123.
4 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.129.
5 Ibid, p.133.
6 M. Walzer, Toward a Global Civil Society, Providence, R. I.:Berghahn Books,1995, p.3.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,p.ⅴ.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第6页。
3 Ibid, pp.14-36.
4 Ibid, pp.8-13.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第93页。
6 "The Politics of Difference:Statehood and Toleration in a Multicultural World," in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically: Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.168-182.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第15页。
2 Ibid, pp.17-18.
3 Ibid, p.21.
4 Ibid, pp.22-24.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第25页。
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第26页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第31页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第1-5页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第9页。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第39-40页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第64页。
2 Ibid, p.65.
3 Ibid, pp.87-92.
4 Ibid, p.91.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第92页。
6 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism, New Haven:Yale University Press,2005.这部著作是沃尔泽所做的霍克海默讲座的扩展版,1999年,首次在德国出版。
1 Walzer, "On Involuntary Association,"in Freedom of Association, ed. A. Gutmann, Princeton:Princeton University Press,1998. pp.64-74.
2 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, pp.68-70.
3 Walzer, "Deliberation, and What Else?" in Deliberative Politics:Essays ong Democracy and disagreement, ed. S.Macedo, New York:Oxford University Press,1999, pp.58-69.
4 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.143.
5 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.145.
1 M. Walzer, "Drawing the Line:Religion and Politics," Utah Law Review, (1999, no.3),619-638.后收录在 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.147-167.
1 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.149.
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.152-154.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.156-157.
1 Ibid, p.158.
1 Ibid, p.164.
2 "Philosophy and Democracy,"in Thinking Politically:Essays in PoliticalTheory, ed. David Miller, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press,2007,1-21. 以及."A Critique ofPhilosophical Conversation,"in Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, ed. David Miller, New Haven, CT:Yale University Press,2007,22-37[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年。
1 William Galston, "Community, Democracy, Philosophy:The Political Thought of Michael Walzer"Political Theory 17:1(1989):119.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第30-35页。以及Michael Walzer, "Shared Meanings in a Poly-ethnic Democratic Setting:A Response," Journal of Religious Ethics 22:2 (Fall 1994): 401-405.
2 沃尔泽在《论宽容》和《政治与激情》中详细讨论了政治共同体问题。美国是他关注的主要对象,他同时也讨论了全球共同体中的正义问题。[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年。M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005.
3 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p. viii.
4 Ibid, p.14.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第5页。
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第1-41页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第16页。
2 M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p.22.
3 但金里卡认为,沃尔泽的方法与柏拉图、康德或罗尔斯的方法并无本质不同。康德和罗尔斯也是“居住在文化的洞穴里”,在文化上也可以获得关于绝对命令和公平观念的共享理解。他们的差异并不在于哲学事业始于何处,而在于终于何处。参见[加]威尔·金里卡著,应奇等译,《自由主义、社群与文化》,上海：上海译文出版社,2005年,第68页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第5-9页。这种主张得益于沃尔泽的犹太人出身,他的主张明显是哲学化的,但他的犹太成长经历明显影响了他所关注的哲学问题。这种影响可以参见M. Walzer Exodus and Revolution, New York:BasicBooks,1986.以及M. Walzer, Law, Politics and Morality in Judaism, Princeton:Princeton University Press,2006,高尔斯顿认为,犹太人的历史在沃尔泽的思想中占据着一个重要位置,它提供了沃尔泽关于共同体的基础性观念,参见William Galston, "Community, Democracy, Philosophy:The Political Thought of Michael Walzer,"Political Theory 17:1 (1989):120.
1 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, p. ix.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第20页。
3 William Galston, "Community, Democracy, Philosophy:The Political Thought of Michael'Walzer,"Political Theory 17:1 (1989):126在此,高尔斯顿指的是内格尔的道德观。参见Thomas Nagel, A View from Nowhere, New York: Oxford University Press,1987.
4 William Galston, "Community, Democracy, Philosophy:The Political Thought of Michael Walzer "Political Theory 17:1 (1989):126.
1 William Galston, "Community, Democracy, Philosophy:The Political Thought of Michael Walzer,"Political Theory 17:1 (1989):127.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,p.xxvii.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,p.xxix.
1 M. Walzer, "Between Nation and World:Welcome to Some New Ideologies," The Economist, Special issue,150 Economist Years (September 11,1993),51-54.
1 M. Walzer, "The New Tribalism:Notes on a Difficult Problem," Dissent, (Spring 1992),164-171.
2 "The Concept of Civil Society," in Toward a Global Civil Society, ed. M. Walzer, Providence, R.I. and Oxford: Berghahn Books,1995, p.7.
3"The Concept of Civil Society," in Toward a Global Civil Society, ed. M. Walzer, Providence, R.I. and Oxford: Berghahn Books,1995, pp.7-8.
4 Ibid, p.80. 1 "Socializing the Welfare State,"in Democracy and the Welfare State, ed. A.Gutmann, pp.13-26.Princeton:Princeton University Press,1988, p.26.;"The Concept of Civil Society,"in Toward a Global Civil Society, ed. M. Walzer, pp.7-28.Providence, R.I. and Oxford:Berghahn Books,1995, pp.21-25.
1 M. Walzer, What It Means to be an American.New York:Marsilio,1992, p.18.
2 M. Walzer. Toward a Global Civil Society. Providence. R.I. and Oxford:Berehahn Books,1995, p.4.
3 M. Walzer, "On Negative Politics," in Liberalism without Illusions:Essays on Liberal Theory and the Political Vision of Judith N. Shklar, ed. B. Yack, Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1996, p.19.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第35-36页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第48页。
1 M. Walzer, "Citizenship,"in Political Innovation and Conceptual Change, ed. T.Ball, J. Farr, and R. L. Hanson, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1989, pp.211-219.
2 M. Walzer, "Citizenship,"in Political Innovation and Conceptual Change, ed. T.Ball, J. Farr, and R. L. Hanson, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1989, pp.213-214.
3 Ibid, pp.217-218.
4 Ibid, p.212.
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p. x.
2 M. Walzer, "Multiculturalism and the Politics of Interest,"in Insider/Outsider:American Jews and Multiculturalism, ed. D. Biale, M. Galchinsky, and S. Heschel, Berkeley:University of California Press,1998, pp.88-98.
1 M. Walzer, "Multiculturalism and the Politics of Interest,"in Insider/Outsider:American Jews and Multiculturalism, ed. D. Biale, M. Galchinsky, and S. Heschel, Berkeley:University of California Press,1998, p.97.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第111页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第111-112页。
1 [美]迈克尔·桑德尔著,曾纪茂译,《民主的不满：美国在寻求一种公共哲学》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年。
1 "Michael Sandel's America,"in Debating Democracy's Discontent:Essays on American Politics, Law, and Public Philosophy, ed. A. Allen and M. Regan, Jr., Oxford:Oxford University Press,1998, pp.175-177.
2 "Michael Sandel's America,"in Debating Democracy's Discontent:Essays on American Politics, Law, and Public Philosophy, ed. A. Allen and M. Regan, Jr., Oxford:Oxford University Press,1998, pp.181-182.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第1页。M.Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century, New York:BasicBooks, 1988.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第1页。
3 Ibid, p.48.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第52页。
1 Ibid, p.62.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第70页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释与社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第77-78页。
3 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, pp.85-104.
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.90.
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.98.
2 Ibid, p.4.
1 M. Walzer, Thick and Thin:Moral Argument at Home and Abroad. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p.101.
1 M.Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a more Egalitarian Liberalism, New Haven, CT:Yale University Press, 2005, p.162.
2 W. Galston, "Community, Democracy, Philosophy,"Political Theory 17:1(1989):119-130.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第2页。
1 Ludvig Beckman, The Liberal State and The Politics of Virtue, New Brunswick, N J:Transaction Publishers,2001, p. 27.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第10-11页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第10-11页。
3 Ibid, p.ⅶ.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第14-35页。
1 Ibid, p.30.
2 Ibid, p.32.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第98页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,袁建华译,《论宽容》,上海：上海人民出版社,2002年,第91-92页。
1 [英]史蒂芬·缪哈尔亚当·斯威夫特著,孙晓春译,《自由主义者与社群主义者》,长春：吉林人民出版社,2007年,第11-37页。
1 "Objectivity and Social Meaning" in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, pp.38-52.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第5页。
1 "Liberalism and the Art of Separation,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven: Yale University Press,2007, p.62.
1 "Moral Minimalism,"in From the Twilight of Probability:Ethics and Politics, ed. W. R. Shea and A. Spadafora, Canton, Mass:Watson Publishing Inernational, Science History Publications,1992, pp.3-14.
2 "Moral Minimalism,"in From the Twilight of Probability:Ethics and Politics, ed. W. R. Shea and A. Spadafora, Canton, Mass:Watson Publishiing Inernational, Science History Publications,1992, p.4.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《论战争》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2011年。以及M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005以及M. Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007.
1 "Liberalism, Nationalism, Reform," in The Legacy of Isaiah Berlin, ed. R. Dworkin, M. Lilla, and R. Silvers, New York:New York Review Books,2001, pp.169-176.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《论战争》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2011年,第5页。
1 "Emergency Ethics," in The Leader's Imperative:ethics, integrity, and Responsibility, ed. J. Carl Ficarrotta, Purdue: Purdue University Press,2001, pp.126-139.
2 "Terrorism:A Critique of Excuses,"in Problems of International Justice, ed. S. Luper Foy, Boulder:Westview Press, 1988, pp.237-247.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《论战争》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2011年,第45页。
4 Ibid, pp.49-50.
5 Ibid, pp.29-34.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《论战争》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2011年,第73-75页。
2 Ibid, pp.120-122.
3 Ibid, p.121.
4 Ibid, pp.146-151.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《论战争》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2011年,第155-156页。
1 Ibid, p.167.
1 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p. ⅶ.
2 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.ⅹ.
3 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.ⅷ.
1 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.140.
2 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, pp.1-20.
3 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.7.
4 Ibid, pp.8-10.
5 Ibid, p.11.
1 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.41.
2 Ibid, p.43.
3 Ibid, pp.52-55.
4 Ibid, pp.87-88. pp.102-103.
2 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.109.
3 Ibid, p.130.
4 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.121.
5 Ibid, p.127.
6 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, p.139.
1 M. Walzer, "Perplexed:Moral Ambiguities in the Gulf Crisis," New Republic,204 (January 1991),13-15.
2 "Emergency Ethics" in J. Carl Ficarrotta, ed.. The Leader's Imperative:ethics, integrity, and responsibility, Purdue University Press, Purdue,2001, pp.126-139.
3 Ibid, p.138.
1 Walzer, "Terrorism:A Critique of Excuse,"in Problems of International Justice, ed.S.Luper Foy, Boulder:Westview Press,1988, pp.237-247.
2 M. Walzer, "The Idea of Holy War in Ancient Israel," Journal of Religious Ethics, vol.20 (1992),215.
3 M. Walzer, "The Crime of Aggressive War," Washington Global Studies Law Review, vol.6, no.3,2007,635-643.
4 M. Walzer, "On Fighting Terrorism Justly", International Relations, vol.21, no.4, December 2007,480-484.
5 M. Walzer, "Is There an American Empire?" Dissent (Fall 2003),27-31.
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《论战争》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2011年,第75页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第20-21页。
2 M. Walzer, Law, Politics, and Morality in Judaism, Princeton:Princeton University Press,2006.
1 Ibid, p.ⅶ.
2 "Commanded and Permitted Wars"in Law, Politics, and Morality in Judaism, ed. M. Walzer, Princeton:Prenceton University Press,2006, pp.149-168.
3 M. Walzer, Getting Out:Historical Perspectives on Leaving Iraq, Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009, pp.3-8.
4 I. Young, Inclusion and Democracy, Oxford:Oxford University Press,2000.
1 [美]马克·里拉等编著,刘擎等译,《以赛亚·伯林的遗产》,北京：新星出版社,2009年,第35页。
1 "Zionism and Judaism" in Judaism and Modernity:The Religious Philosophy of David Hartman, ed. J. Malino, Hampshire, UK, and Burlington, Vermont:Ashgate Publishing,2004, pp.308-325.
2 M. Walzcr, Law, Politics, and Morality in Judaism, Princeton:Prenceton University Press,2006, p.150.
3 Ibid, p.ⅶ.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽等编,刘平等译,《犹太政治传统(卷一)》,上海：华东师范大学出版社,2011年,第2页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽等编,刘平等译,《犹太政治传统(卷一)》,上海：华东师范大学出版社,2011年,第3-4页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,p.xxii.
1 M. Walzer,"Spheres of Justice:An Exchange", New York Review of Books, July21,1983, pp.4-5.
2 Joshua Cohen, Review of Spheres of Justice,Journal of Philosophy,1986,p.466.
3 Ronald Dworkin,"To Each His Own,"New York Review of Books, April,14,1983.
4 Susan Moller Okin, "Justice and Gender," Philosophy and PublicAffairs,16, winter,1987, pp.52-56.
5 Joshua Cohen, Review of Spheres of Justice,Journal of Philosophy,1986,p.466.
6 Ibid, pp.463-464.
1 Joshua Cohen, Review of Spheres of Justice,Journal of Philosophy,1986,pp.463-464.
2 Ibid, p.465.
3 Susan Moller Okin, "Justice and Gender," Philosophy and Public Affairs,16, winter,1987, p.55.
1 susan Moller Okin,"Justice and Gender,"Philosophy and Public Affair,16,Winter,1987,p.58.
2 Ibid,p.59.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第418页。
2 Susan Moller Okin, "Justice and Gender,"Philosophy and PublicAffairs,16, winter,1987, pp.59-60.
3 Joshua Cohen, Review of Spheres of Justice,Journal of Philosophy,1986,pp.459-460.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第34-35页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第35页。
2 "Pluralism in political perspective," in Walzer,et.al, The Politics of Ethnicity, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press,1982, p.4.
1 M.Walzer, "Flight from Philosophy,"New York Review of Books, February 2,1989,pp.42-44; "Philosophy and Democracy,"in M.Walzer, Thinking Politically:Essays in Political Theory, New Haven:Yale University Press,2007, p. 1;
[美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,pp.xiv；3-17.
1 M. Walzer, "The Moral Standing of States:A Response to Four Critics "Philosophy and Public Affairs 9:209-229.
2 Ibid.p.214.
3 Norman Daniels, Review of Spheres of Justic, The Philosophical Review 94:1(1985):142-148.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第78页。
1 M. Walzer, Socialism and the Gift Relationship, Dissent 29, fall 1982, p.436.
2 Joshua Cohen, Review of Spheres of Justice,Journal of Philosophy,1986, p.458.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,p.viii.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第29-35页。
1 R. Dworkin Spheres of Justice:an exchange, New York Review of Books, July21,1983, p.46.
2 Ibid, pp.45-46.
3 Ibid, p.45.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第113页。
5 Ibid,p.115.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第1-41页；M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, pp.225-240.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第40页。
3 Ibid, pp.28-29.
4 Ibid, pp.4-6.
1 Norman Daniels, "An Argument About the Relativity of Justice," Revue International de Philosophie,1989, pp.7-8.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第419页。
3 Norman Daniels, "An Argument About the Relativity of Justice," Revue International de Philosophie,1989, p.15.
4 Ibid,p.19.
5 Ibid.26.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第424页。
2 C.Tayor, Philosophy and the Human Sciences:Philosophy Papers 2, New York:Cambridge University Press,1985, p.144.
1 Ibid,pp.123-133.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第16页。
1 Ibid, p.18.
2 Ibid, pp.29-30.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第31-32页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第30页。
2 Ibid, p.59.
3 Ibid, p.30.
4 Ibid, pp.37,43,51.
5 关于“反思均衡”可以参考Norman Daniels,Wide Reflective Equilibrium and Theory Acceptance in Ethics,Journal of Philosophy 76,1979,pp.256-282.
1 J.Stout, Ethics After Babel:The Languanges of Morals and their Discontents. Boston:Beacon Press,1988, pp.145-162.
2 Ibid,p.76.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第56页。
4 Ibid,p.104.
5 Ibid, pp.19-22,35.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第99页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第31页。
1 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, p.233.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第419页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第96-100页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第50页。
1 K.. Nielsen, Marxism and the Moral Point of View. Boulder, Colorado:Westview Press,1989, pp.8-9.
2 M. Walzer, The Revolution of the Saints:A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics, Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press,1965, pp.22-65; 148-183.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第58-60页。
1 M. Walzer, Regicide and Revolution:Speeches at the Trial of Louis ⅩⅥ, London:Cambridge University Press,1974, p.29.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第59页。
3 J.Stout, Ethics After Babel:The Languages of Morals and their Discontents. Boston:Beacon Press,1988, p.86.
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,第15页。
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献译,《正义与非正义战争：通过历史实例的道德论证》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2008年,p,viii.
1 M. Walzer, "Philosophy and Democracy,"Political Theory 9, no.3(August 1981),p.379.
2 M. Walzer, "Philosophy and Democracy,"Political Theory 9, no.3(August 1981), p.393.
3 Ibid,p.395.
4 Ibid, p.397.
1 M. Walzer, "Flight From Philosophy,"New York Review of Books, February 2,1989, p.44.
2 M. Walzer, "Philosophy and Democracy."Political Theory 9, no.3(August 1981), p.396.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第83页。
4 M. Walzer, "Flight From Philosophy."New York Review of Books, February 2,1989, p.43.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年。M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988.
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第1页。
3 Ibid,pp.1-10.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第13页。
2 Ibid, p.14.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第25页。
4 Ibid, p.14.
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第9页。
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第23-25页。
7 Ibid, p.47.
8 Ibid, p.56.
1 Ibid, pp.47-48.
2 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, pp.230-231.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第42-43页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第110页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第112-113页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第21页。
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第43-44页。
4 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第60页。
5 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第60页。
6 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第61页。
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第77页。
2 M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, pp.236-237.
3 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第75页。
4 Ruth W.Grant,"Review of Interpretation and Social Criticism,"The Journal of Politics 50,1988,p.261.
5 Ibid, p.265.
1 A. Ryan, Communitarianism:the Good, the Bad, and the Muddly, Dissent 36, no.3, summer 1989, p.352; R. Rorty, Postmodernist Bourgeois Liberalism, The Journal of Philosophy, vol.80,1983, pp.583-589;[美]理查德·罗蒂著,徐文瑞译,《偶然、反讽与团结》,北京：商务印书馆,2003年,第44-69页。
2 R. Geuss, The Idea of a Critical Theory; Habermas and the Frankfurt School, New York:Cambridge University Press, 1981, p.60.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第418-419页。
2 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,褚松燕译,《正义诸领域：为多元主义与平等一辩》,南京：译林出版社,2002年,第419-420页。
1 M. Walzer, "The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism,"Political Theory 1990(18):6-23.
2 "Socializing the Welfare State,"in Democracy and the Welfare State, ed. A.Gutmann, Princeton:Princeton University Press,1988,pp.13-26.
3 I.Howe, "Socialism and Liberalism:Articles of Conciliation," in The New York Intellectuals Reader, ed. N.Jumonville, New York and Oxford:Routledge,2002, pp.371-389.
1 M. Walzer, Politics and Passion:Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2005, pp.21-43.
1 [美]迈克尔·沃尔泽著,任辉献等译,《阐释和社会批判》,南京：江苏人民出版社,2010年,第2章；M. Walzer, The Company of Critics:Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century.New York: Basic Books,1988, chapter 1.
2 B. Orend, Michael Walzer on War and Justice. Cardiff:University of Wales Press,2000, pp.25-29.
1 B. Orend, Michael Water on War and Justice. Cardiff:University of Wales Press,2000, ch.7.
2 R. Dworkin, "To Each His Own," the New York Review of Books, April 14,1983.
1 M. Walzer, "Liberalism and the Art of Separation," Political Theory (12)1984:315-330.
2 M. Walzer and N. Mills, ed. Getting Out:Historical Perspectives on Leaving Iraq. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press,2009.
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84.韩升,《生活于共同体之中：查尔斯·泰勒的政治哲学》,北京：中国社会科学出版社,2010年。
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93.徐贲,《通往尊严的公共生活》,北京：新星出版社,2010年。
94.包利民,《古典政治哲学史论》,北京：人民出版社,2010年。
95.[美]阿拉斯戴尔·麦金太尔著,宋继杰译,《追寻美德》,南京：译林出版社,2011年。
96.张容南,《一种解释学的现代性话语：查尔斯·泰勒论现代性》,上海：上海人民出版社,2011年。
97.[印]阿玛蒂亚·森,[英]伯纳德·威廉姆斯编,梁捷等译,《超越功利主义》,上海：复旦大学出版社,2011年。
98.[英]亚当·斯密著,宋德利译,《道德情操论》,南京：译林出版社,2011年。
99.[美]约翰·罗尔斯著,万俊人译,《政治自由主义(增订版)》,南京：译林出版社,2011年。
100.[美]约翰·罗尔斯著,杨通进等译,《政治哲学史讲义》,北京：中国社会科学出版社,2011年。
101.[美]约翰·罗尔斯著,张晓辉等译,《万民法》,长春：吉林人民出版社,2011年。
102.杨伟清,《正当与善：罗尔斯思想中的核心问题》,北京：人民出版社,2011年。
103.[英]昆廷·斯金纳著,奚瑞森等译,《现代政治思想的基础》,南京：译林出版社,2011年。
104.[美]亚当·普热沃尔斯基著,丁韶彬译,《资本主义与社会民主》,北京：中国 人民大学出版社,2012年。
105.[美]达尔著,李凤华译,《论民主》,北京：中国人民大学出版社,2012年。
106.[英]哈罗德·拉斯基著,林冈等译,《欧洲自由主义的兴起》,北京：中国人民大学出版社,2012年。
107.[英]约翰·基恩著,李勇刚译,《全球公民社会?》,北京：中国人民大学出版社,2012年。
108.[意]克罗齐著,田时纲译,《历史学的理论和历史》,北京：中国人民大学出版社,2012年。
109.[荷]佩西·莱宁著,孟伟译,《罗尔斯政治哲学导论》,北京：人民出版社,2012年。
110.刘贺青,《罗尔斯国际政治思想研究》,上海：上海大学出版社,2012年。