大豆叶绿素缺乏突变体发育过程中光合特性的研究
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摘要
大豆是我国最重要的油料作物。在现有基础上提高大豆的光能利用效率对于揭示光合作用的光能转化机理、大幅度增加单位面积的大豆产量具有极其重要的意义。
本文中突变体属田间自然突变。对突变体和野生型两个大豆品种的光合色素组成进行比较,结果表明突变体幼叶的叶绿素含量显著低于野生型,呈现明显的芽黄性状。进一步研究幼叶、功能叶不同发育阶段光合作用以及叶绿素荧光特性,以期了解突变体和野生型在不同生育期大豆叶片光合作用的特性及规律,为大豆高产育种和栽培提供理论依据。
幼叶阶段,研究了田间条件下大豆叶绿素缺乏突变体以及野生型叶片逐步展开过程中的叶绿素含量、气体交换、叶绿素荧光动力学等特性,并分析了二者在叶片展开过程中吸收光能分配的差异。结果表明：在幼叶阶段,影响光合速率降低的因素主要是叶绿素含量的降低。叶绿素缺乏导致突变体大豆有活性的PSⅡ反应中心数目减少,每个反应中心的光能吸收和激发能捕获增加,但是PSⅡ电子传递受阻,致使每个反应中心的激发能耗散增加。与野生型相比,突变体大豆叶片所吸收的能量中分配给热耗散的能量较多,而过剩的激发能较少；同时随着叶绿素含量降低,光合电子传递中向光呼吸分配的比例增大。
为了进一步探讨该大豆叶绿素缺乏突变体功能叶光合作用的特性,本研究选择不同生育期测定了田间自然条件下大豆的光响应曲线、光合速率、气体交换参数的日变化和叶绿素荧光特性。结果表明：田间自然条件下突变体功能叶的光合速率高于野生型,制约光合速率的主要因素不再是叶绿素含量而是气孔限制.对光强的响应说明突变体在不同生育期利用光的范围更广,能够更好的利用弱光和耐受强光。比较突变体和野生型的光合功能期和日同化量,都说明了突变体更具有高产的物质基础。
Soybean is the most important crops in China. It is of great significance to increase largely crop yield per acre on the present basis and discover photosynthetic solar energy conversion mechanism by improving photosynthetic Light energy utilization efficiency.
In this paper, the mutant soybean is a mutation in the field controlled. Soybean varieties on the two components of the photosynthetic pigments were compared, results showed that chlorophyll content of the mutant leaves was significantly lower than that of wild-type, presenting a clear yellow bud traits. Further study of leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of young leaves and mature leaves at different developmental stages, with a view to explicit the relationship of photosynthesis and yield in different stages, and provide theoretical basis to the breeding and cultivation.
The Chlorophyll contents, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics were extensively studied in chlorophyll-deficient mutant soybean leaves and its wild-type from emergency to full expansion under field conditions. The difference of the absorbed light distribution between two soybean varieties during the development of leaves was also assessed. Results showed that, the impact of the factors that reduce the photosynthetic rate is the mainly reduction of chlorophyll content in young leaf stage. chlorophyll deficient induced a decrease of PSⅡreaction centers, and resulted in an increase of excited energy capture per active reaction centers. It also showed that PSⅡelectron transport was blocked apparently, and the energy dissipation increased per PSⅡreaction centers. Compared with wild-type soybean, the mutant had less excitation energy and the fraction of absorbed light allocated to energy dissipation. Furthermore, with the deficiency of the chlorophyll content allocation of photosynthetic electron transport to photorespiration was enhanced.
In order to further explore photosynthesis characteristics of the Chlorophyll-deficient mutant, photosynthetic rate, diurnal variation of gas exchange, the light response curve and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured at different growth stages in the field. The results showed that:the photosynthetic rate of mutant was higher than wild-type, restrictions on the photosynthetic rate is no longer a major factor in stomatal limitation but the chlorophyll content. The responsive curves of Pn in leaves to photosynthetic active radiation of different development stages showed that, the range of light utilized by mutant leaves was wider than wild-type, which indicated that mutant leaves could use weak light and resisted strong light better. Comparison of mutant and wild-type function of APD and DCAC indicates that the mutant has more high-yield material basis.
本文中突变体属田间自然突变。对突变体和野生型两个大豆品种的光合色素组成进行比较,结果表明突变体幼叶的叶绿素含量显著低于野生型,呈现明显的芽黄性状。进一步研究幼叶、功能叶不同发育阶段光合作用以及叶绿素荧光特性,以期了解突变体和野生型在不同生育期大豆叶片光合作用的特性及规律,为大豆高产育种和栽培提供理论依据。
幼叶阶段,研究了田间条件下大豆叶绿素缺乏突变体以及野生型叶片逐步展开过程中的叶绿素含量、气体交换、叶绿素荧光动力学等特性,并分析了二者在叶片展开过程中吸收光能分配的差异。结果表明：在幼叶阶段,影响光合速率降低的因素主要是叶绿素含量的降低。叶绿素缺乏导致突变体大豆有活性的PSⅡ反应中心数目减少,每个反应中心的光能吸收和激发能捕获增加,但是PSⅡ电子传递受阻,致使每个反应中心的激发能耗散增加。与野生型相比,突变体大豆叶片所吸收的能量中分配给热耗散的能量较多,而过剩的激发能较少；同时随着叶绿素含量降低,光合电子传递中向光呼吸分配的比例增大。
为了进一步探讨该大豆叶绿素缺乏突变体功能叶光合作用的特性,本研究选择不同生育期测定了田间自然条件下大豆的光响应曲线、光合速率、气体交换参数的日变化和叶绿素荧光特性。结果表明：田间自然条件下突变体功能叶的光合速率高于野生型,制约光合速率的主要因素不再是叶绿素含量而是气孔限制.对光强的响应说明突变体在不同生育期利用光的范围更广,能够更好的利用弱光和耐受强光。比较突变体和野生型的光合功能期和日同化量,都说明了突变体更具有高产的物质基础。
Soybean is the most important crops in China. It is of great significance to increase largely crop yield per acre on the present basis and discover photosynthetic solar energy conversion mechanism by improving photosynthetic Light energy utilization efficiency.
In this paper, the mutant soybean is a mutation in the field controlled. Soybean varieties on the two components of the photosynthetic pigments were compared, results showed that chlorophyll content of the mutant leaves was significantly lower than that of wild-type, presenting a clear yellow bud traits. Further study of leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of young leaves and mature leaves at different developmental stages, with a view to explicit the relationship of photosynthesis and yield in different stages, and provide theoretical basis to the breeding and cultivation.
The Chlorophyll contents, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics were extensively studied in chlorophyll-deficient mutant soybean leaves and its wild-type from emergency to full expansion under field conditions. The difference of the absorbed light distribution between two soybean varieties during the development of leaves was also assessed. Results showed that, the impact of the factors that reduce the photosynthetic rate is the mainly reduction of chlorophyll content in young leaf stage. chlorophyll deficient induced a decrease of PSⅡreaction centers, and resulted in an increase of excited energy capture per active reaction centers. It also showed that PSⅡelectron transport was blocked apparently, and the energy dissipation increased per PSⅡreaction centers. Compared with wild-type soybean, the mutant had less excitation energy and the fraction of absorbed light allocated to energy dissipation. Furthermore, with the deficiency of the chlorophyll content allocation of photosynthetic electron transport to photorespiration was enhanced.
In order to further explore photosynthesis characteristics of the Chlorophyll-deficient mutant, photosynthetic rate, diurnal variation of gas exchange, the light response curve and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured at different growth stages in the field. The results showed that:the photosynthetic rate of mutant was higher than wild-type, restrictions on the photosynthetic rate is no longer a major factor in stomatal limitation but the chlorophyll content. The responsive curves of Pn in leaves to photosynthetic active radiation of different development stages showed that, the range of light utilized by mutant leaves was wider than wild-type, which indicated that mutant leaves could use weak light and resisted strong light better. Comparison of mutant and wild-type function of APD and DCAC indicates that the mutant has more high-yield material basis.
引文
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3. 何瑞锋,丁毅,余金洪.水稻温敏叶绿素突变体叶片蛋白的双向电泳分析[J].作物学报,2001,27(6)：876-883
4. 洪双松,许大全.小麦和大豆叶片荧光参数对强光响应的差异[J].科学通报,1997,42：753-756
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6. 姜闯道,高辉远,邹琦.缺铁大豆叶片激发能耗散的增加[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2002,28(2)：127-132
7. 林宏辉,杜林方,贾勇炯,等.野生和黄化大麦类囊体膜色素蛋白的分离和比较[J].西北植物学报,1997,17(1)：34-38
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2. 郭士伟,张云华,金永庆,等.小白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)黄苗突变体的叶绿素荧光特性[J].作物学报,2003,29(6)：958-960
3. 何瑞锋,丁毅,余金洪.水稻温敏叶绿素突变体叶片蛋白的双向电泳分析[J].作物学报,2001,27(6)：876-883
4. 洪双松,许大全.小麦和大豆叶片荧光参数对强光响应的差异[J].科学通报,1997,42：753-756
5. 胡忠,梁汉兴,彭丽萍.一个黄绿色水稻突变体的光合作用特性[J].云南植物研究,1981,3(4)：449-456
6. 姜闯道,高辉远,邹琦.缺铁大豆叶片激发能耗散的增加[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2002,28(2)：127-132
7. 林宏辉,杜林方,贾勇炯,等.野生和黄化大麦类囊体膜色素蛋白的分离和比较[J].西北植物学报,1997,17(1)：34-38
8. 林宏辉,何军贤,梁厚果,等.叶绿素缺乏大麦突变体PSⅡ色素蛋白复合物的研究[J].生物化学与生物物理学报,1998,30(50)：530-532
9. 林宏辉,何礼,晏婴才,等.叶绿素缺乏大麦突变体叶绿体结构功能及生化特性的研究[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),2001,38(6)：899-904
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