无机高分子絮凝剂PAFC—P处理白土车间洗涤废水的实验研究
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摘要
兰州某催化剂厂全白土车间在现有的生产工艺条件下,催化剂生产过程中产生了大量的污水。据统计,白土车间每年外排污水200多万吨,其中主要污染物是水体中的悬浮物,造成了严重的环境污染,也使全白土车间成为污染大户。全白土车间大量的高悬浮物污水的排放不仅加大了产品的能耗和物耗,影响了全白土车间的生产水平和产品的市场竞争力,而且对全白土车间的扩大产能,新产品开发构成了障碍。因此,对催化剂厂全白土车间的排污治理问题已迫在眉睫。
本文以无机高分子化合物聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为基体,采用不同复配手段,制备出一种新型的复合高分子絮凝剂PAFC-P,并将该絮凝剂用于催化剂厂全白土车间污水的处理,通过正交试验结果表明,PAFC:改性PAM为3:7的PAFC-P处理效果明显优于其它絮凝剂,在最佳处理条件下:投药量6ml /L,pH值5～11,温度70℃,沉降时间5～10min,快搅速度250 r/min,快搅时间2min,慢搅速度60r/min,慢搅时间5min。PAFC-P(7:3)处理白土车间洗涤废水的结果为:悬浮物的平均质量浓度由5460mg/L降到180.4mg/L,水质浊度由6000FTU以上降低到24.1FTU以下,白土悬浮物的去除率达到96.6%,对降低废水浊度、回收和再利用废水中白土起具有明显作用。
在本实验研究中对聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)进行了改性,避免了PAM自身毒性对出水的再生性污染,同时还提高了新型絮凝剂的沉降能力,扩大其应用范围。
In existing production technology condition a catalyst factory’s all carclazyte plant of Lanzhou produced a considerable amount of sewage during the catalyst production process. According to statistics, carclazyte plant annually discharged more than 200 tons of sewage. The major pollutants are suspended in water, so that it not only caused severe environmental pollution, but also make the carclazyte plant become large pollution family. All the carclazyte plant massive high suspended solids sewage discharge products not only increases the energy and material consumptions, affecting the whole white earth plant production level and market competitiveness of products, but also for all the white earth plant to expand capacity. New product development constituted obstacles. The problems, which the pollution of the catalysts of the whole white earth plant, need to be solved urgently.
This paper developed a new type of composite polymer flocculant PAFC - P, which is compounded with inorganic polymer compound polymerization (PAFC) and modification iron (PAM) polyacrylamide, Which is applyed to treat the sewage of all carclazyte plants. The orthogonal test verified PAFC– P(7:3) is significantly better than any other flocculation agent, under the best processing conditions, which cast dosage is 6.03 g/L, the scope of the pH value is 5 ~ 11, applicable temperature is 70℃, settling time is 5~10min. Mixing speed and time is respectively: quickly stir speed 250 r/min, quick mixing time 2min; Slow 60r/min, stirring speed slow stir time 5min.The treatment result that PAFC - P (7:3) deal with white earth plant is that the average mass concentration of material 5460mg/L to 180.4 mg/ L water quality by the original 6000FTU turbidity reduced to 24.1 FTU above. Carclazyte suspended under the removal rate can amount to about 96.6% of wastewater, which played a decisive role in carclazyte and recycling.
This experiment study the modification of PAM, which cannot only avoid the water pollution by the toxic of PAM itself, but also enhance the settlement ability of a new flocculant, which expand its application scope.
本文以无机高分子化合物聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为基体,采用不同复配手段,制备出一种新型的复合高分子絮凝剂PAFC-P,并将该絮凝剂用于催化剂厂全白土车间污水的处理,通过正交试验结果表明,PAFC:改性PAM为3:7的PAFC-P处理效果明显优于其它絮凝剂,在最佳处理条件下:投药量6ml /L,pH值5～11,温度70℃,沉降时间5～10min,快搅速度250 r/min,快搅时间2min,慢搅速度60r/min,慢搅时间5min。PAFC-P(7:3)处理白土车间洗涤废水的结果为:悬浮物的平均质量浓度由5460mg/L降到180.4mg/L,水质浊度由6000FTU以上降低到24.1FTU以下,白土悬浮物的去除率达到96.6%,对降低废水浊度、回收和再利用废水中白土起具有明显作用。
在本实验研究中对聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)进行了改性,避免了PAM自身毒性对出水的再生性污染,同时还提高了新型絮凝剂的沉降能力,扩大其应用范围。
In existing production technology condition a catalyst factory’s all carclazyte plant of Lanzhou produced a considerable amount of sewage during the catalyst production process. According to statistics, carclazyte plant annually discharged more than 200 tons of sewage. The major pollutants are suspended in water, so that it not only caused severe environmental pollution, but also make the carclazyte plant become large pollution family. All the carclazyte plant massive high suspended solids sewage discharge products not only increases the energy and material consumptions, affecting the whole white earth plant production level and market competitiveness of products, but also for all the white earth plant to expand capacity. New product development constituted obstacles. The problems, which the pollution of the catalysts of the whole white earth plant, need to be solved urgently.
This paper developed a new type of composite polymer flocculant PAFC - P, which is compounded with inorganic polymer compound polymerization (PAFC) and modification iron (PAM) polyacrylamide, Which is applyed to treat the sewage of all carclazyte plants. The orthogonal test verified PAFC– P(7:3) is significantly better than any other flocculation agent, under the best processing conditions, which cast dosage is 6.03 g/L, the scope of the pH value is 5 ~ 11, applicable temperature is 70℃, settling time is 5~10min. Mixing speed and time is respectively: quickly stir speed 250 r/min, quick mixing time 2min; Slow 60r/min, stirring speed slow stir time 5min.The treatment result that PAFC - P (7:3) deal with white earth plant is that the average mass concentration of material 5460mg/L to 180.4 mg/ L water quality by the original 6000FTU turbidity reduced to 24.1 FTU above. Carclazyte suspended under the removal rate can amount to about 96.6% of wastewater, which played a decisive role in carclazyte and recycling.
This experiment study the modification of PAM, which cannot only avoid the water pollution by the toxic of PAM itself, but also enhance the settlement ability of a new flocculant, which expand its application scope.
引文
[1]王万林.我国复合型无机高分子絮凝剂的研究及应用进展[J].工业水处理2008, 28(4):1-5.
[2]郑雪琴.一种新型复合絮凝剂的研制与开发[J].化学工程与装备.2009,28(4):34-38.
[3]王敏,董华芳.铝盐混凝剂的研究进展[J].江西化学,2005,(2):9-11.
[4]常青,傅金锰,哪兆龙.絮凝原理[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1 993,15(20):267-269.
[5]卢素焕,张振声,许佩瑶等.新型混凝剂聚磷氯化铁的制备及性能研究[J].工业水处理,1998;18(4):24-26.
[6]栾兆坤,李科,雷鹏等.微絮凝一深床过滤理论与应用的研究[J].环境化学,1997,16(6):590-599.
[7]陆柱,蔡兰坤,陈中兴等.水处理药剂[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002,11(20):8-103
[8]张关德.水处理用无机复合絮凝剂及其制备方法[P] .环境化学,1997,20(12):12-15.
[9]汤鸿霄.无机高分子复合絮凝剂的研制趋向[J].中国给水排水,1999(2):1-4
[10]党酉胜,郭炎,卢风纪.FMA絮凝剂的制备及其对印染废水的絮凝性能[J].工业水处理,2000,20(1):9-2l.
[11]甘光奉,甘丽.高分子絮凝剂研究进展[J].工业水处理,1999,19(2):6-7.
[12]马延文,张洪林,刘志,蒋林时.无机高分子絮凝剂的开发与应用进展.辽宁城乡环境科技,2001,4:3-6.
[13]青山,贾瑟,孙丽珉.絮凝化学和絮凝剂[M].北京,中国环境化学出版社,1988:1-19.
[14]沈水发,陈耐生.利用高岭土制备聚合氯化铝净水剂[J].无机盐工业,1999,31(5) : 33-35.
[15]李和平,袁宗宣等.活性硅酸聚合硫酸铁的研究[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2000,22(1) : 39-42.
[16]李润生.水处理新药剂碱式氯化铝.北京[M],中国建筑工业出版社,1981,1-12.
[17] Yubin Zeng, Junboum Park.Characterization and coagulationperformance of a novel inorganic polymer coagulant-poly-zincsilicate-sulfate [J].Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2008,21(2):59-64.
[18] Ito T., Unno Y., and Watanabe K. Iron-basedInorganic Flocculating Agents and Their Manufacture[J]. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP07, 1995,24 (1):40-44.
[19] Frisch, M. J.; Trucks, G. W.; Schlegel, H. B [J]. et al.Gaussian 98, revision A.3; Gaussian, Inc.:Pittsburgh, PA, 1998.42(6),1125-2130.
[20] Nawlaklhe W.H. Conversion of Ferrous to Ferric Iron for Its Effeetive as Coagulant[J].Indian J.Environ.Health,l 988,30(2):142-l54.
[21]肖锦,祀永亮.我国絮凝剂发展现状与对策[J].现代化工,1997,17(12): 6- 9.
[22]张莉,李本高.水处理絮凝剂的研究进展[J].工业用水与废水,2001,32(3): 5- 7
[23] Ger. J.R. Manufacture of Hydroxylated Ferric Sulfate Compound[P].US, 1991,06(21):51- 94.
[24] Jiang Jia—Qian ,G raham Nigel J D. Preliminary evaluation of the perfomance ofnew pre-p01ym erised inorganic coagulants for low land surface water treatment[J].、Ⅳater Sci Technol,1998,37(2):12l-128.
[25] iang Jia-Qian,L loyd Barry.Progress in the deVelopment and use of ferrate(Ⅵ)salt as an oxidant and coagulant for water and wastewater treatment[M]. WaterRes,2002,36(2):139 7-1408.
[26] Kathmann Erich E.White LA, McCormick C L[J].polymer,1997, 38(4): 879- 880.
[27]李万捷,赵延生.两性有机高分子絮凝剂的合成[J].水处理技术,1994,20(1):39- 42.
[28]曹炳明.CS-1型絮凝剂的制备及在污水处理方面的应用[J].工业水处理,2005,23(1):33- 45.
[29]于尔译.高分子絮凝剂和絮凝反应[J].国外环境科学技术,1995,20(1): 112- 114.
[30]李和平,袁宗宣等.活性硅酸聚合硫酸铁的研究[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2000,22(1):39- 42.
[31]郑怀礼等.新型高效复合絮凝剂PFCNS的制备与性能研究[J].现代化工,2001,21 (11) : 282- 315.
[32]王粟.复合絮凝剂在治理棉纤维废水中的应用[J].环境化学,2002, 21 (3) : 292- 295
[33] Kha lil M L, Farag S. Pr epar ation of some cat ionic starches using the dr y process[ J] . Star ch, 1998, 50( 6) : 267- 271.
[34] Kurane R,Toeda K,Takaed A Ket a1.Ag“c Biol Chem[J],1986,50(9):2309- 2313.
[35]余荣升.高效微生物絮凝剂及其在污水处理中的应用研究[J].中国给水排水,2003, 11 (25) : 332- 350
[36] .Takagi H,Kadowaki K.Agric Biol Chem[J],1985,49(11):3151-3157.
[37]李润生,李凯.聚氯化铝盐基度与混凝效果研究[J] ,中国给水排水,2001,23(8) :71-78
[38]陆柱,蔡兰坤等.水处理新药剂[M].北京化学工业出版社,2002, 25(6)15-86
[39]唐玉斌,等.绿色水处理技术的研究与应用进展[J].水处理技术,2002,28(1):1-5
[40]郑淳之.水处理剂和工业循环冷却水系统分析方法[M] ,北京:化学工业出版社,2000,3(2),22-23
[41]张燕萍.变性淀粉制造与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001, 21 (30) : 45- 48.
[42] Mikami Y,Takei I.Iron Polysulfate Solution[P].JP,1974.06(2) :3l-40
[43] Nawlaklhe W.H.Conversion of Ferrous to Ferric Iron for Its Effeetive as Coagulant[J].Indian J.Environ.Health,l 988,30(2):142- l54
[44]马青山,贾瑟,孙丽珉.絮凝化学和絮凝剂[M].北京:中国环境化学出版社,1988,09(3):1- 19.
[45]中石油.催化剂厂全白土装置操作规程,2006,2(3) :30-35
[46] .Schneider W.Hydrolysis of Iron(III)·Chaoti Olation Versus Nucleation Comments Inorg.Chem[J],l 984,3(4):205- 223
[47] Haase D et.a1.Polysmeric basic aluminum sil icatesulphate U.SPatent, PN,1991,5(4):312- 320
[48] Her R.K.The chemistry of silica John Wiley and sons Inc,1997,11(3): 321- 439.
[2]郑雪琴.一种新型复合絮凝剂的研制与开发[J].化学工程与装备.2009,28(4):34-38.
[3]王敏,董华芳.铝盐混凝剂的研究进展[J].江西化学,2005,(2):9-11.
[4]常青,傅金锰,哪兆龙.絮凝原理[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1 993,15(20):267-269.
[5]卢素焕,张振声,许佩瑶等.新型混凝剂聚磷氯化铁的制备及性能研究[J].工业水处理,1998;18(4):24-26.
[6]栾兆坤,李科,雷鹏等.微絮凝一深床过滤理论与应用的研究[J].环境化学,1997,16(6):590-599.
[7]陆柱,蔡兰坤,陈中兴等.水处理药剂[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002,11(20):8-103
[8]张关德.水处理用无机复合絮凝剂及其制备方法[P] .环境化学,1997,20(12):12-15.
[9]汤鸿霄.无机高分子复合絮凝剂的研制趋向[J].中国给水排水,1999(2):1-4
[10]党酉胜,郭炎,卢风纪.FMA絮凝剂的制备及其对印染废水的絮凝性能[J].工业水处理,2000,20(1):9-2l.
[11]甘光奉,甘丽.高分子絮凝剂研究进展[J].工业水处理,1999,19(2):6-7.
[12]马延文,张洪林,刘志,蒋林时.无机高分子絮凝剂的开发与应用进展.辽宁城乡环境科技,2001,4:3-6.
[13]青山,贾瑟,孙丽珉.絮凝化学和絮凝剂[M].北京,中国环境化学出版社,1988:1-19.
[14]沈水发,陈耐生.利用高岭土制备聚合氯化铝净水剂[J].无机盐工业,1999,31(5) : 33-35.
[15]李和平,袁宗宣等.活性硅酸聚合硫酸铁的研究[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2000,22(1) : 39-42.
[16]李润生.水处理新药剂碱式氯化铝.北京[M],中国建筑工业出版社,1981,1-12.
[17] Yubin Zeng, Junboum Park.Characterization and coagulationperformance of a novel inorganic polymer coagulant-poly-zincsilicate-sulfate [J].Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2008,21(2):59-64.
[18] Ito T., Unno Y., and Watanabe K. Iron-basedInorganic Flocculating Agents and Their Manufacture[J]. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP07, 1995,24 (1):40-44.
[19] Frisch, M. J.; Trucks, G. W.; Schlegel, H. B [J]. et al.Gaussian 98, revision A.3; Gaussian, Inc.:Pittsburgh, PA, 1998.42(6),1125-2130.
[20] Nawlaklhe W.H. Conversion of Ferrous to Ferric Iron for Its Effeetive as Coagulant[J].Indian J.Environ.Health,l 988,30(2):142-l54.
[21]肖锦,祀永亮.我国絮凝剂发展现状与对策[J].现代化工,1997,17(12): 6- 9.
[22]张莉,李本高.水处理絮凝剂的研究进展[J].工业用水与废水,2001,32(3): 5- 7
[23] Ger. J.R. Manufacture of Hydroxylated Ferric Sulfate Compound[P].US, 1991,06(21):51- 94.
[24] Jiang Jia—Qian ,G raham Nigel J D. Preliminary evaluation of the perfomance ofnew pre-p01ym erised inorganic coagulants for low land surface water treatment[J].、Ⅳater Sci Technol,1998,37(2):12l-128.
[25] iang Jia-Qian,L loyd Barry.Progress in the deVelopment and use of ferrate(Ⅵ)salt as an oxidant and coagulant for water and wastewater treatment[M]. WaterRes,2002,36(2):139 7-1408.
[26] Kathmann Erich E.White LA, McCormick C L[J].polymer,1997, 38(4): 879- 880.
[27]李万捷,赵延生.两性有机高分子絮凝剂的合成[J].水处理技术,1994,20(1):39- 42.
[28]曹炳明.CS-1型絮凝剂的制备及在污水处理方面的应用[J].工业水处理,2005,23(1):33- 45.
[29]于尔译.高分子絮凝剂和絮凝反应[J].国外环境科学技术,1995,20(1): 112- 114.
[30]李和平,袁宗宣等.活性硅酸聚合硫酸铁的研究[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2000,22(1):39- 42.
[31]郑怀礼等.新型高效复合絮凝剂PFCNS的制备与性能研究[J].现代化工,2001,21 (11) : 282- 315.
[32]王粟.复合絮凝剂在治理棉纤维废水中的应用[J].环境化学,2002, 21 (3) : 292- 295
[33] Kha lil M L, Farag S. Pr epar ation of some cat ionic starches using the dr y process[ J] . Star ch, 1998, 50( 6) : 267- 271.
[34] Kurane R,Toeda K,Takaed A Ket a1.Ag“c Biol Chem[J],1986,50(9):2309- 2313.
[35]余荣升.高效微生物絮凝剂及其在污水处理中的应用研究[J].中国给水排水,2003, 11 (25) : 332- 350
[36] .Takagi H,Kadowaki K.Agric Biol Chem[J],1985,49(11):3151-3157.
[37]李润生,李凯.聚氯化铝盐基度与混凝效果研究[J] ,中国给水排水,2001,23(8) :71-78
[38]陆柱,蔡兰坤等.水处理新药剂[M].北京化学工业出版社,2002, 25(6)15-86
[39]唐玉斌,等.绿色水处理技术的研究与应用进展[J].水处理技术,2002,28(1):1-5
[40]郑淳之.水处理剂和工业循环冷却水系统分析方法[M] ,北京:化学工业出版社,2000,3(2),22-23
[41]张燕萍.变性淀粉制造与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001, 21 (30) : 45- 48.
[42] Mikami Y,Takei I.Iron Polysulfate Solution[P].JP,1974.06(2) :3l-40
[43] Nawlaklhe W.H.Conversion of Ferrous to Ferric Iron for Its Effeetive as Coagulant[J].Indian J.Environ.Health,l 988,30(2):142- l54
[44]马青山,贾瑟,孙丽珉.絮凝化学和絮凝剂[M].北京:中国环境化学出版社,1988,09(3):1- 19.
[45]中石油.催化剂厂全白土装置操作规程,2006,2(3) :30-35
[46] .Schneider W.Hydrolysis of Iron(III)·Chaoti Olation Versus Nucleation Comments Inorg.Chem[J],l 984,3(4):205- 223
[47] Haase D et.a1.Polysmeric basic aluminum sil icatesulphate U.SPatent, PN,1991,5(4):312- 320
[48] Her R.K.The chemistry of silica John Wiley and sons Inc,1997,11(3): 321- 439.