飞轮电池充放电控制系统的研究及应用
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摘要
飞轮电池作为一种新概念蓄电池,具有高密度储能、大功率输出、充放电时间快、无污染、使用寿命又长等优点,在能源缺乏、环境污染越来越严重的今天,研究并开发出飞轮电池是有重要意义的。
本论文在查阅了许多国内外相关研究的基础上,以电动车辆和不间断电源(UPS)为应用背景,进行了飞轮电池充放电控制系统的硬件电路和软件的设计。选择TMS320F2812作为系统控制器,通过应用矢量控制和直流升降压斩波技术,采用电流、转速双闭环控制,结合多种保护措施和降低功耗方法,使得该系统具有工作安全可靠、功耗低等优点。
在选用永磁同步电机作为飞轮电机的基础上,利用MATLAB建立了永磁同步电机控制系统的仿真模型,仿真结果验证了模型的可行性。针对永磁同步电机具有非线性、强耦合性和时变性,以及系统运行时会受到不同程度的干扰,常规PID控制策略很难满足高性能的控制要求,本文设计了一种基于模糊控制的参数自适应PID控制器,将其作为永磁同步电机电流和速度双闭环矢量控制系统的转速调节器,仿真实验结果证明了系统具有较好的动态性能和鲁棒性。
As a new concept of flywheel battery,it has a high density, high power output, rapid charge and discharge time, no pollution, nature and long life advantages, with energy shortages, worsening pollution increasingly today, the research and development of the flywheel battery is very important.
Under reading a lot of domestic and foreign study about flywheel battery, this paper for the purpose of the application of the flywheel battery on the electric vehicle and uninterruptible power supply(UPS).I complete the design of hardware and software about flywheel battery charge and discharge control system.This system Chose the TMS320F2812 as the system controller, and the system is on the safe side and higher efficiency, because of using the field oriented controlled modem technology and the Boost-Buck converter of DC, the closed loop control of current and speed,and combining with many ways of safeguard and reducing power wasting.
The paper chose permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)as the flywheel motor according to the character of the fly wheel storage system.The simulation model of PMSM control system is built in MATLAB.The feasibility of the simulation model is proved.Then,because the flywheel motor has non-linearity, close coupling and time-variance and the system also receives disturbance in varying degrees,it is difficult for traditional PID controller to achieve satisfactory control effect of higher precision. So the paper research into the intelligent control to flywheel store system. The theory of fuzzy logic control is elaborated detailedly. The fuzzy self-adjusting PID controller is designed and used as the speed controller of current and speed double loops PMSM vector control system. The simulation results prove that the system has good dynamic performance and robustness.
本论文在查阅了许多国内外相关研究的基础上,以电动车辆和不间断电源(UPS)为应用背景,进行了飞轮电池充放电控制系统的硬件电路和软件的设计。选择TMS320F2812作为系统控制器,通过应用矢量控制和直流升降压斩波技术,采用电流、转速双闭环控制,结合多种保护措施和降低功耗方法,使得该系统具有工作安全可靠、功耗低等优点。
在选用永磁同步电机作为飞轮电机的基础上,利用MATLAB建立了永磁同步电机控制系统的仿真模型,仿真结果验证了模型的可行性。针对永磁同步电机具有非线性、强耦合性和时变性,以及系统运行时会受到不同程度的干扰,常规PID控制策略很难满足高性能的控制要求,本文设计了一种基于模糊控制的参数自适应PID控制器,将其作为永磁同步电机电流和速度双闭环矢量控制系统的转速调节器,仿真实验结果证明了系统具有较好的动态性能和鲁棒性。
As a new concept of flywheel battery,it has a high density, high power output, rapid charge and discharge time, no pollution, nature and long life advantages, with energy shortages, worsening pollution increasingly today, the research and development of the flywheel battery is very important.
Under reading a lot of domestic and foreign study about flywheel battery, this paper for the purpose of the application of the flywheel battery on the electric vehicle and uninterruptible power supply(UPS).I complete the design of hardware and software about flywheel battery charge and discharge control system.This system Chose the TMS320F2812 as the system controller, and the system is on the safe side and higher efficiency, because of using the field oriented controlled modem technology and the Boost-Buck converter of DC, the closed loop control of current and speed,and combining with many ways of safeguard and reducing power wasting.
The paper chose permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)as the flywheel motor according to the character of the fly wheel storage system.The simulation model of PMSM control system is built in MATLAB.The feasibility of the simulation model is proved.Then,because the flywheel motor has non-linearity, close coupling and time-variance and the system also receives disturbance in varying degrees,it is difficult for traditional PID controller to achieve satisfactory control effect of higher precision. So the paper research into the intelligent control to flywheel store system. The theory of fuzzy logic control is elaborated detailedly. The fuzzy self-adjusting PID controller is designed and used as the speed controller of current and speed double loops PMSM vector control system. The simulation results prove that the system has good dynamic performance and robustness.
引文
[1]David AChristopher, Raymond Beach.Flywheel Technology Development Program for Aerospace Applications[J].IEEE AES Systems Magazine,1998,13(6):9-14
[2]JackG Bitterly. Flywheel Technology Past, Present, and 21st Century Projections[J]. IEEE AES Systems Magazine,1998,13(8):13-16
[3]汤双清,杨家军,廖道训,飞轮储能系统研究综述[J].三峡大学学报,2002,24(2)：78～82
[4]Kerry Mclallin,NASA flywheel system development[R]. Space Power Workshop, 2001,20(1):1-23
[5]Zhang Jiancheng, Huang Lipei,Chen Zhiye.Research on flywheel energy storage system for power quality[C].Proceedings of International Conference on owner system technology,2002,23(1):496-499
[6]刘怀喜,马润香,张恒.飞轮储能技术的发展与应用[J].能源技术,2003,24(1)：10～13
[7]杨志轶,飞轮电池储能关键技术研究：[博士学位论文].合肥：合肥工业大学,2002
[8]刘春和,张俊,潘龙飞.飞轮-新的储能方式[J].微特电机,2003,31(5):38～40
[9]汤双清,蔡敢为,杨家军.用于飞轮电池的电动磁力轴承的研究[J].华中科技大学学报.自然科学版,2003,31(4):9～11
[10]Y.Suzuki,A.Koyanagi,M.Kobayashi,R.Shimada Novel applications of the flywheel energy storage system[J].Energy.2005,30(6):2128-2143
[11]Alan I,Lipo T A.Induction machine based flywheel energy storage system [J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2003,39(1):161-163
[12]赵韩,杨志轶.飞轮储能装置设计初探[J].太阳能学报.2002,23(4):493～497
[13]邱阿瑞.交流电力拖动及应用.北京：人民邮电出版社,2000.56～60
[14]吴守览,减英杰.电气传动的脉宽调制控制技术.北京：机械工业出版社,2002.100～105
[15]张相军,陈伯时.无刷直流电机控制系统中PWM调制方式对换相转矩脉动的影响[J].电机与控制学报,2003,7(2)：87～91
[16]陈钱春,阮毅,王仁峰.永磁同步电动机矢量控制的研究与分析[J].电机与控制应用,2007,34(2):61～64
[17]张崇巍,李汉强.运动控制系统.武汉：武汉理工大学出版社,2002,235～238
[18]Maidu M, BoseB K. Position Synchronous Machine for Meeting,1992,(1):48-53
[19]Senjyu T,Shanabukuro T,Uezato,K.Vector Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Without Position and Speed Sensors,IEEE PESC Record,1995,(2):759-765
[20]牛洪海.永磁同步电动机控制系统及控制方法研究：[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2006
[21]许振伟,蒋静坪,骆再飞.基于神经网络的永磁同步电动机模糊自适应控制[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2003,33(1):49～52
[22]Cardenas R,Pena R,Asher G.Control strategies for energy recoveryfrom a flywheel using a vector controlled induction machine[D].IEEE 31st Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2000,1:454-459
[23]马会来,房建成,刘刚.磁悬浮飞轮用永磁无刷直流电机数字控制系统[J].微特电机,2003,18(4):24～28
[24]汤双清.飞轮储能技术及应用.武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2007.29～32
[25]刘怀喜,马润香,张恒.飞轮蓄能技术的发展与应用[J].能源技术,2003,24(1)：10～13
[26]蒋书运,卫海岗,沈祖培.飞轮储能技术研究的发展现状[J].太阳能学报,2000,21(4):427
[27]解亚飞,程三海,王雪帆.飞轮储能系统中的能量转换环节及其实现[J].电机电器技术,2001,(1)：26～29.
[28]Aanstoos T A. High voltage stator for a flywheel energy storage system[J], IEEE, transactions on magnetic,2001,(37):242-247
[29]Staff report. Low-tech materials, high-tech design:a new spin on flywheels,Modern Power Systems,2001,(1):29-31
[30]郝东丽,郭彤颖,贾凯.基于模糊神经网络的永磁同步电机矢量控制[J].电力电子技术,2004,(4):45～48
[31]P.Pillay,R.Krishman. Modeling, Simulation and Analysis of Permanent Magnet Motor Drives, PartI:The Permanent Magnet Synchronous motor Drive[J]. IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications,1999,25(2):265-274
[32]顾光旭,邓智泉.永磁同步电动机两种矢量控制方式的仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2002,(2)：24～28
[33]黄俊,王兆安.电力电子变流技术.西安：机械工业出版社.1999.12～18
[34]王成元,杨俊友.基于DSP的永磁同步电机智能速度控制器研究[J].沈阳工业大学学报.1999,21(5)：401～404
[35]吴安顺.最新实用交流调速系统.西安：机械工业出版社.1999.8～10
[36]吴忠智,吴加林.变频器应用手册.西安：机械工业出版社.2002.69～72
[37]王念旭.DSP基础与实际系统设计.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社.2002.105～120
[38]Zhenyu Yu and David Figoli, AC Induction Motor Control Using Constant V/Hz Principle and Space Vector PWM Technique with TMS320C240,APPLICATION REPORT:SPRA284A,1998.8
[39]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/SIMULINK的系统仿真技术与应用,北京：清华大学出版社,2002,281～320
[40]张志涌.精通MATLAB6.5,北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[41]侯利民,王巍,李洪珠.基于Simulink的永磁同步电机控制系统仿真研究[J].电机技术,2007(6):29～32
[42]韩肖清,胡月星,张伟.基于MATLAB的并网风电场动态仿真[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(2)：175～179
[43]张金利,张玉瑞,税冬东.永磁同步电机变频调速系统建模与仿真[J].电力电子技术,2008,42(2)：67～69
[44]陶永华.新型PID控制及其应用,北京：机械工业出版社,1998,45～81
[45]章卫国,杨向忠.模糊控制理论与应用.西安：西北工业大学出版社,1999.86～95
[46]张雷,董德存.基于模糊控制的滑模控制器的研究[J],同济大学学报,2003,31(8)：955～958
[47]李博,龚晓宏.基于MATLAB的模糊控制系统的优化设计与仿真[J],电子元器件应用,2005,(3)：102～105
[48]杨平,马瑞卿,张云安.基于Matlab永磁同步电机控制系统建模仿真方法[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2005,27(2)：195～196.
[49]张海啸,王淑红.基于SVPWM永磁同步电机控制系统的建模与仿真[J].电气技术,2007,9(1):36～39
[50]Din Ki md. An Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Controller on the Reconfigurable FPGA System[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.2000,47 (3):703-715
[51]张国良.模糊控制及其MATLAB应用.西安：西安交通大学出版社,2002.178～180
[2]JackG Bitterly. Flywheel Technology Past, Present, and 21st Century Projections[J]. IEEE AES Systems Magazine,1998,13(8):13-16
[3]汤双清,杨家军,廖道训,飞轮储能系统研究综述[J].三峡大学学报,2002,24(2)：78～82
[4]Kerry Mclallin,NASA flywheel system development[R]. Space Power Workshop, 2001,20(1):1-23
[5]Zhang Jiancheng, Huang Lipei,Chen Zhiye.Research on flywheel energy storage system for power quality[C].Proceedings of International Conference on owner system technology,2002,23(1):496-499
[6]刘怀喜,马润香,张恒.飞轮储能技术的发展与应用[J].能源技术,2003,24(1)：10～13
[7]杨志轶,飞轮电池储能关键技术研究：[博士学位论文].合肥：合肥工业大学,2002
[8]刘春和,张俊,潘龙飞.飞轮-新的储能方式[J].微特电机,2003,31(5):38～40
[9]汤双清,蔡敢为,杨家军.用于飞轮电池的电动磁力轴承的研究[J].华中科技大学学报.自然科学版,2003,31(4):9～11
[10]Y.Suzuki,A.Koyanagi,M.Kobayashi,R.Shimada Novel applications of the flywheel energy storage system[J].Energy.2005,30(6):2128-2143
[11]Alan I,Lipo T A.Induction machine based flywheel energy storage system [J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2003,39(1):161-163
[12]赵韩,杨志轶.飞轮储能装置设计初探[J].太阳能学报.2002,23(4):493～497
[13]邱阿瑞.交流电力拖动及应用.北京：人民邮电出版社,2000.56～60
[14]吴守览,减英杰.电气传动的脉宽调制控制技术.北京：机械工业出版社,2002.100～105
[15]张相军,陈伯时.无刷直流电机控制系统中PWM调制方式对换相转矩脉动的影响[J].电机与控制学报,2003,7(2)：87～91
[16]陈钱春,阮毅,王仁峰.永磁同步电动机矢量控制的研究与分析[J].电机与控制应用,2007,34(2):61～64
[17]张崇巍,李汉强.运动控制系统.武汉：武汉理工大学出版社,2002,235～238
[18]Maidu M, BoseB K. Position Synchronous Machine for Meeting,1992,(1):48-53
[19]Senjyu T,Shanabukuro T,Uezato,K.Vector Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Without Position and Speed Sensors,IEEE PESC Record,1995,(2):759-765
[20]牛洪海.永磁同步电动机控制系统及控制方法研究：[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2006
[21]许振伟,蒋静坪,骆再飞.基于神经网络的永磁同步电动机模糊自适应控制[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2003,33(1):49～52
[22]Cardenas R,Pena R,Asher G.Control strategies for energy recoveryfrom a flywheel using a vector controlled induction machine[D].IEEE 31st Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2000,1:454-459
[23]马会来,房建成,刘刚.磁悬浮飞轮用永磁无刷直流电机数字控制系统[J].微特电机,2003,18(4):24～28
[24]汤双清.飞轮储能技术及应用.武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2007.29～32
[25]刘怀喜,马润香,张恒.飞轮蓄能技术的发展与应用[J].能源技术,2003,24(1)：10～13
[26]蒋书运,卫海岗,沈祖培.飞轮储能技术研究的发展现状[J].太阳能学报,2000,21(4):427
[27]解亚飞,程三海,王雪帆.飞轮储能系统中的能量转换环节及其实现[J].电机电器技术,2001,(1)：26～29.
[28]Aanstoos T A. High voltage stator for a flywheel energy storage system[J], IEEE, transactions on magnetic,2001,(37):242-247
[29]Staff report. Low-tech materials, high-tech design:a new spin on flywheels,Modern Power Systems,2001,(1):29-31
[30]郝东丽,郭彤颖,贾凯.基于模糊神经网络的永磁同步电机矢量控制[J].电力电子技术,2004,(4):45～48
[31]P.Pillay,R.Krishman. Modeling, Simulation and Analysis of Permanent Magnet Motor Drives, PartI:The Permanent Magnet Synchronous motor Drive[J]. IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications,1999,25(2):265-274
[32]顾光旭,邓智泉.永磁同步电动机两种矢量控制方式的仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2002,(2)：24～28
[33]黄俊,王兆安.电力电子变流技术.西安：机械工业出版社.1999.12～18
[34]王成元,杨俊友.基于DSP的永磁同步电机智能速度控制器研究[J].沈阳工业大学学报.1999,21(5)：401～404
[35]吴安顺.最新实用交流调速系统.西安：机械工业出版社.1999.8～10
[36]吴忠智,吴加林.变频器应用手册.西安：机械工业出版社.2002.69～72
[37]王念旭.DSP基础与实际系统设计.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社.2002.105～120
[38]Zhenyu Yu and David Figoli, AC Induction Motor Control Using Constant V/Hz Principle and Space Vector PWM Technique with TMS320C240,APPLICATION REPORT:SPRA284A,1998.8
[39]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/SIMULINK的系统仿真技术与应用,北京：清华大学出版社,2002,281～320
[40]张志涌.精通MATLAB6.5,北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[41]侯利民,王巍,李洪珠.基于Simulink的永磁同步电机控制系统仿真研究[J].电机技术,2007(6):29～32
[42]韩肖清,胡月星,张伟.基于MATLAB的并网风电场动态仿真[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(2)：175～179
[43]张金利,张玉瑞,税冬东.永磁同步电机变频调速系统建模与仿真[J].电力电子技术,2008,42(2)：67～69
[44]陶永华.新型PID控制及其应用,北京：机械工业出版社,1998,45～81
[45]章卫国,杨向忠.模糊控制理论与应用.西安：西北工业大学出版社,1999.86～95
[46]张雷,董德存.基于模糊控制的滑模控制器的研究[J],同济大学学报,2003,31(8)：955～958
[47]李博,龚晓宏.基于MATLAB的模糊控制系统的优化设计与仿真[J],电子元器件应用,2005,(3)：102～105
[48]杨平,马瑞卿,张云安.基于Matlab永磁同步电机控制系统建模仿真方法[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2005,27(2)：195～196.
[49]张海啸,王淑红.基于SVPWM永磁同步电机控制系统的建模与仿真[J].电气技术,2007,9(1):36～39
[50]Din Ki md. An Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Controller on the Reconfigurable FPGA System[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.2000,47 (3):703-715
[51]张国良.模糊控制及其MATLAB应用.西安：西安交通大学出版社,2002.178～180