城市对外客运枢纽功能区布设与评价研究
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摘要
城市对外客运枢纽是城市对外客运的结点、各种客运交通方式衔接的纽带,它也是城市的对外门户,其功能区布设的合理性和与市内交通衔接的紧密性直接影响到城市的经济发展和人民的生活水平的提高。本文依托“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重点项目“城市综合交通系统功能提升与设施建设关键技术研究”,在分析了大量数据与参考文献的基础上,考虑到现有城市对外客运枢纽分类方法都没有把和枢纽紧密联系在一起的市内公共交通考虑进去,提出了基于与市内公共交通衔接状况的城市对外客运客运枢纽分类方法,将其分为衔接紧密型、衔接适中型和衔接欠紧密型城市对外客运枢纽,宾论述了各类枢纽的特点。
在深入分析国内外城市对外客运枢纽功能区布设和与市内交通衔接现状的基础上,针对城市对外客运枢纽站前广场和候车空间的规模,提出了枢纽聚集人数的计算方法,利用排队理论提出了对外客运枢纽售票大厅与进出站口规模的确定方法。系统分析了各功能区的布设方式并论述了各布设方式的优缺点及适用范围,以换乘旅客步行时间最小为目标函数建立了出站口布设优化模型。研究了枢纽与市内交通的衔接方式,建立了轨道交通和常规公交发车间隔优化模型,提出了轨道交通和常规公交线路数的确定方法,并细致的分析了各种枢纽与市内交通衔接方式的优缺点和适用范围。
针对目前我国城市对外客运枢纽普遍存在旅客换乘舒适性差,换乘时间长的现象,提出了客运枢纽服务水平的概念。给出了对外客运枢纽服务水平的影响因素,借助个人空间理论和数理统计的方法对各影响因素进行了等级划分,并提出了基于层次分析模型的对外客运枢纽服务水平确定方法。选取并系统分析了服务水平评价指标,提出了基于结构方程模型的评价指标权重的计算方法,在此基础上提出了对外客运枢纽服务水平的模糊评价方法。对哈尔滨火车站进行了功能区布设与交通衔接规划,借助Vissim软件对规划方案进行了仿真并对规划方案进行了评价。
External passenger transport hub is the city's external passenger node, it’s the bridging link of various passenger traffic, it is also the external gateway of a city. The reasonableness of their functional areas and the close convergence with the city directly impact the city's economic development and the improvement of people's living standards. In this paper, relying on the”11th Five-Year Plan" national scientific and technological support for key projects planned the city's comprehensive transportation system and enhance infrastructure construction research of key technologies, the analysis of large amounts of data and references on the basis of the hub function and scope of services based on Carried out their classification, taking into account existing classification hub and hub are not closely linked to the city public transport into account, proposed based on convergence with the city public transport hub in the state of passenger classification, will be divided into close convergence of, convergence of moderate and less close convergence of external passenger transport hub.
On the base of deep analysis of the current situation of external passenger transport hub functional areas and urban traffic connection in domestic and international cities, and for the scale of the station square and waiting space of external passenger transport hub, maximum number of calculation methods is put forward. This method put forward how to determine the scale of the ticketing hall and the access station of the external passenger transport hub, gave a system analysis of how to layout each function area, and discusse the merits,demerits and application scope of each layout. What’s more, the optimization model is emplaced on the transfer passengers’minimum walking time. The cohesion of hub and urban traffic is researched, the optimization model of departure interval is established, and determination of the rail transit and Conventional Bus Lines is put forward, with careful analysis of advantages and disadvantages and scope of application of each cohesion.
In light of China's external passenger transport hub for transfer passengers comfort prevailing poor and take a long time phenomenon, put forward the level of service concept of a hub. analys the influence factors of the level of service, in foreign-related research on the basis of With personal space theory and statistics of the various methods of the factors affecting the level of service to the Classification and proposed a model based on the level of the external hub for passenger service standards established methods. Select System and the level of service evaluation index, based on the proposed structural equation model of evaluation index weighting method of calculation by the foreign passenger service hub for the fuzzy evaluation methods. Harbin Railway Station on a functional set of convergence with the traffic planning, Vissim software to help plan the simulation and simulation results were evaluated.
在深入分析国内外城市对外客运枢纽功能区布设和与市内交通衔接现状的基础上,针对城市对外客运枢纽站前广场和候车空间的规模,提出了枢纽聚集人数的计算方法,利用排队理论提出了对外客运枢纽售票大厅与进出站口规模的确定方法。系统分析了各功能区的布设方式并论述了各布设方式的优缺点及适用范围,以换乘旅客步行时间最小为目标函数建立了出站口布设优化模型。研究了枢纽与市内交通的衔接方式,建立了轨道交通和常规公交发车间隔优化模型,提出了轨道交通和常规公交线路数的确定方法,并细致的分析了各种枢纽与市内交通衔接方式的优缺点和适用范围。
针对目前我国城市对外客运枢纽普遍存在旅客换乘舒适性差,换乘时间长的现象,提出了客运枢纽服务水平的概念。给出了对外客运枢纽服务水平的影响因素,借助个人空间理论和数理统计的方法对各影响因素进行了等级划分,并提出了基于层次分析模型的对外客运枢纽服务水平确定方法。选取并系统分析了服务水平评价指标,提出了基于结构方程模型的评价指标权重的计算方法,在此基础上提出了对外客运枢纽服务水平的模糊评价方法。对哈尔滨火车站进行了功能区布设与交通衔接规划,借助Vissim软件对规划方案进行了仿真并对规划方案进行了评价。
External passenger transport hub is the city's external passenger node, it’s the bridging link of various passenger traffic, it is also the external gateway of a city. The reasonableness of their functional areas and the close convergence with the city directly impact the city's economic development and the improvement of people's living standards. In this paper, relying on the”11th Five-Year Plan" national scientific and technological support for key projects planned the city's comprehensive transportation system and enhance infrastructure construction research of key technologies, the analysis of large amounts of data and references on the basis of the hub function and scope of services based on Carried out their classification, taking into account existing classification hub and hub are not closely linked to the city public transport into account, proposed based on convergence with the city public transport hub in the state of passenger classification, will be divided into close convergence of, convergence of moderate and less close convergence of external passenger transport hub.
On the base of deep analysis of the current situation of external passenger transport hub functional areas and urban traffic connection in domestic and international cities, and for the scale of the station square and waiting space of external passenger transport hub, maximum number of calculation methods is put forward. This method put forward how to determine the scale of the ticketing hall and the access station of the external passenger transport hub, gave a system analysis of how to layout each function area, and discusse the merits,demerits and application scope of each layout. What’s more, the optimization model is emplaced on the transfer passengers’minimum walking time. The cohesion of hub and urban traffic is researched, the optimization model of departure interval is established, and determination of the rail transit and Conventional Bus Lines is put forward, with careful analysis of advantages and disadvantages and scope of application of each cohesion.
In light of China's external passenger transport hub for transfer passengers comfort prevailing poor and take a long time phenomenon, put forward the level of service concept of a hub. analys the influence factors of the level of service, in foreign-related research on the basis of With personal space theory and statistics of the various methods of the factors affecting the level of service to the Classification and proposed a model based on the level of the external hub for passenger service standards established methods. Select System and the level of service evaluation index, based on the proposed structural equation model of evaluation index weighting method of calculation by the foreign passenger service hub for the fuzzy evaluation methods. Harbin Railway Station on a functional set of convergence with the traffic planning, Vissim software to help plan the simulation and simulation results were evaluated.
引文
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2加藤·晃竹内传史.城市交通和城市规划.江西省城市规划研究所译,1984
3 H. Suson. a demand forecasting model for park and ride lots in king county, Washington, TRB. 1998, 26 (l): 125~148
4 B. Robert. Designing for Passenger information Needs in Subway Systems[J], ITE Journal, 1986, 2 (3): 54~56
5 R.O. Amedeo, D.N. Richard. Passenger Terminals[J]. Transpn. Res-A. 1992, 3 (4): 26~27
6 S.Bandera, S.C. Wirasinghe, Optimum geomerties for Pier type aiprort temrinals Jounral of Transportation Engineering, 1992, 118 (2): 187~206.
7 V. Tosic, Review of aiprort passenger temrinal operations analysis and modeling Transportation Research partA:Genera, 1992, 26 (l): 3
8 R.W. Hall. Vehicle scheduling at a transportation temrinal with random delay route Transportation Science, 1985, 19 (3): 308~320
9 K. K. T. Lee, P. Schonfeld. optimal slack time for timed transfers at a transit temrinal Jounral of Advnaced Transportation, 1991, 25 (3): 281~308
10 R.J. Meyer, F.J. Kain. The Urban Transportation Problem [J], Cambridge (mass) Harvard University Press, 1965
11 C.L. Martins. Search strategies for the feeder bus network design problem, European Journal of Operational Research,1998, 3 :63~371
12钟华颖等.城市设计中的交通换乘体系[f],规划师, 2004, 1 (3): 180~182
13杨佩昆.境外综合交通运输的换乘系统[J].国外城市规划, 1999, (1): 2~4+42
14 S. Sutanto, K. Masaki. Design of Public Transit Network in Urban Area with Elastic Demand[J] Journal. of Advanced Transportation, 1999, 33 (1): 77~81
15 D.G. Davis, J P. Braaksma, level-of-service standard for platooning pedestring in transportion terminals. ITE Journal, 1987, 57 (4): 31~35
16 S. Kitti, N.S Prianka, K.K. Heli. Cost-Based Space Estimation in Passenger Terminals. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2002, 128 (2): 191~197
17 P.N. Seneviratne, J.F. Morrall. level of service. On pedestrian facilities Tra. 1985, 39 (1): 109~112
18师贵兰.城市客运枢纽综合评价方法研究,东南大学硕士论文, 2005
19 D. Sanja. a systematic quality assessment of underground spaces-public transport stations Cities. 2001, 13 (2): 7~15
20张天伟.最高聚集人数定义及计算方法的探讨.上海铁道科技, 2005, 3: 13~14
21何宇强,毛保华等.铁路客运站最高聚集人数模拟计算方法.系统仿真学报, 2006, 18 (1): 213~216
22裴玉龙等.城市换乘枢纽交通组织方法探讨[J].会议论文, 2002, 11
23晏克非等.城市综合客运交通体系中换乘研究[f].长沙交通学院学报, 2000, 16 (2): 11~13
24王秋平等.城市其他客运交通换乘轨道交通协调探讨[f].西安建筑科技大学学报, 2003, 15 (2): 35~38
25杨晓光,张珏,张海军.轨道交通换乘枢纽交通信息服务分析[f].城市轨道交通研究, 2004, 11(2): 7~10
26盛志前,赵波平.基于轨道交通换乘的枢纽交通设计方法研究.中国城市规划设计研究院50周年院庆专版, 2004, 87~91
27陈大伟.大城市对外客运枢纽规划与设计理论研究.东南大学博士论文, 2006
28石道华,丁勇等.基于设备能力利用的铁路运输服务水平研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息, 2003, 3 (l): 45~50
29李龙.铁路客运站服务设施及其水平的适应性研究.西南交通大学硕士论文, 2005
30孙小年,姜彩良,下江平.城市客运交通换乘衔接的综合评价[f].交通标准化, 2005,2 (10): 24~28
31李枫等.关于铁路上海南站改建为城市客运枢纽的探讨[J].上海铁道学报,1999, 20 (4): 77~81
32刘小明,沈龙利等.城市客运枢纽综合评价指标体系研究[J].中国公路学报, 1995, 8(1): 97~102
33王有为.城市公共交通枢纽规划.西安建筑科技大学硕士论文, 2002
34郭志勇.城市轨道交通枢纽换乘协调研究.华中科技大学硕士论文, 2001
35张利军.城市公共交通换乘枢纽规划理论与方法研究.武汉科技大学硕士论文, 2007
36陈学武.可持续发展的城市交通系统模式研究.东南大学博士论文, 2002
37毕尔巴鄂新地铁与阿班多交通枢纽.中国城市规划行业信息网, 2001
38梁广.城市综合换乘系统研究.长安大学硕士论文, 2006
39刘连新.现代建筑与以人为本的体现.南方建筑, 2001, 4(3): 14~16
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