基于双层规划的城市公交线网优化研究
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摘要
城市公共交通是城市繁荣发展的重要基础。让人们用最短的时间,使用最便利的交通工具,经过最短的距离到达目的地,是每个交通管理者都要考虑的问题。如何大力发展公共交通,满足城市居民出行需要,越来越多地得到交通研究人员的重视。优先发展公共交通的一个重要内容是优化公交线网,城市公交线网优化研究的宗旨在于运用现代化的交通规划理论,采用先进的计算技术,在现有城市基础上,通过对城市公交线网进行合理布局,最大程度地发挥系统的最佳效益。因此合理的优化方案对于提高公交服务水平和整体效率,促进公交优先的发展,改善城市交通状况具有十分重要的意义。
本论文主要对城市公交线网优化中的公共交通需求预测、城市公交线网优化优化模型选择以及优化模型的建立等问题进行了研究。在公共交通需求预测方面,本论文对公共交通需求预测的原理和方法进行了研究,确定了需求预测的重要性。在公交线网优化模型选择方面,本论文提出了运用于公交线网规划的多个模型方法,在进行研究后,指出了这些方法的优点和不足,并最终确定本论文的模型。在模型的建立方面,本论文在确立了公交线网优化的原则和目标后,将公共交通的社会效益与公交企业的经济利益结合起来考虑,建立了双层规划模型,采用遗传算法求解,并将该优化方法运用于怀化市公共交通优化,通过这个算例证明该方法具有可行性和实用性。
本论文对已有的公交线网优化理论进行有效整合,提出了城市公交线网优化的方法,且研究具有较好的实用性。为城市公交线网的设计、优化与改造提供了科学的参考与借鉴。
Urban public transport is an important foundation for the development of the city. Let people using the shortest possible time, The most efficient transport,and after the shortest distance to arrive the right place,it is the question that every Transport Manager should be considered. It is also one of means to provide efficient transit services to ease traffic problems in cities,so the scientific research personnel pay more and more attention it.the one of the important things of Public Transport Priority is to optimize Transit Network,The objective of the optimization of public transport network is to make the public transport system produce by best benefit in using modem theory of transportation planning and modem techniques . The optimization process is to make the public transport network distribution reasonable by optimization and combining the city status.It lies on the existing city road system and public transport capacity.
In this thesis, public transport demand forecasting、urban public transit network optimization model selection and the optimization model’s founding are researched in the process of public transit network optimization. In terms of public transport demand forecasting, the principles and methods of public transport demand forecasting are studied to determine the importance of demand forecasting. In terms of the public transportation network optimization model selection, a number of models are presented and analyzed, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are pointed out, the network optimization model that is the result of this thesis is determined ultimately. In terms of the model-building, after the establish of public transit network optimization’s principles and objectives, a two-tier programming model is established which considered the social benefits and public transport bus company's economic interests, then the model is solved by means of the genetic algorithm, and the optimization method is proved feasible and practical with the application in Huaihua public transport optimization.
In this thesis,the Transit network optimization theories are carried on the effective integration use. And the urban transit network optimization method is proposed. The method is applied, and can provide a scientific reference for the design, optimization and alteration of the urban transit network.
本论文主要对城市公交线网优化中的公共交通需求预测、城市公交线网优化优化模型选择以及优化模型的建立等问题进行了研究。在公共交通需求预测方面,本论文对公共交通需求预测的原理和方法进行了研究,确定了需求预测的重要性。在公交线网优化模型选择方面,本论文提出了运用于公交线网规划的多个模型方法,在进行研究后,指出了这些方法的优点和不足,并最终确定本论文的模型。在模型的建立方面,本论文在确立了公交线网优化的原则和目标后,将公共交通的社会效益与公交企业的经济利益结合起来考虑,建立了双层规划模型,采用遗传算法求解,并将该优化方法运用于怀化市公共交通优化,通过这个算例证明该方法具有可行性和实用性。
本论文对已有的公交线网优化理论进行有效整合,提出了城市公交线网优化的方法,且研究具有较好的实用性。为城市公交线网的设计、优化与改造提供了科学的参考与借鉴。
Urban public transport is an important foundation for the development of the city. Let people using the shortest possible time, The most efficient transport,and after the shortest distance to arrive the right place,it is the question that every Transport Manager should be considered. It is also one of means to provide efficient transit services to ease traffic problems in cities,so the scientific research personnel pay more and more attention it.the one of the important things of Public Transport Priority is to optimize Transit Network,The objective of the optimization of public transport network is to make the public transport system produce by best benefit in using modem theory of transportation planning and modem techniques . The optimization process is to make the public transport network distribution reasonable by optimization and combining the city status.It lies on the existing city road system and public transport capacity.
In this thesis, public transport demand forecasting、urban public transit network optimization model selection and the optimization model’s founding are researched in the process of public transit network optimization. In terms of public transport demand forecasting, the principles and methods of public transport demand forecasting are studied to determine the importance of demand forecasting. In terms of the public transportation network optimization model selection, a number of models are presented and analyzed, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are pointed out, the network optimization model that is the result of this thesis is determined ultimately. In terms of the model-building, after the establish of public transit network optimization’s principles and objectives, a two-tier programming model is established which considered the social benefits and public transport bus company's economic interests, then the model is solved by means of the genetic algorithm, and the optimization method is proved feasible and practical with the application in Huaihua public transport optimization.
In this thesis,the Transit network optimization theories are carried on the effective integration use. And the urban transit network optimization method is proposed. The method is applied, and can provide a scientific reference for the design, optimization and alteration of the urban transit network.
引文
[1]王炜,W.Brilon.城市交通系统规划、管理与建设一体化决策支持系统框架设计.城市规划,1997
[2]蒋涛.启发式公交网络设计方法:[西南交通大学硕士学位论文].成都西南交通大学:西南交通大学,2006.
[3]张亚平,汪建鸽.基于流量-车道占有率模型的高速公路路段通行能力分析.中南公路工程,2000,Vol.25(01)
[4]胡刚.城市公共交通网络站点优化技术研究:[东南大学博士学位论文].南京:东南大学,2003
[5]郑祖武.中国城市交通.北京:人民交通出版社,1994.
[6]王炜,杨新苗,陈学武.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术.北京:科学出版社,2002
[7]单连龙,高自友.城市公交系统连续网络设计的双层规划模型及其求解算法.系统工程理论与实践,2000,Vol7
[8] Lampkin W,P.D.Saalmans,The Design of Routes.Service Frequencies and Schedules for a Municipal Bus Undertaking:A Case Study.Operational Research Quarterly 18,Dec,1967
[9] Rea,J.C.Designing Urban Transit Systems:An Approach to the Rout-Technology Selection Problem, University of Washington,Seattle,WA.1971
[10] Mandl C.E.Evaluation and Optimization of Urban Public Transportation Networks.European Journal of Operational Research,Dee.1980
[11]Hasselstrom,D.Experience of a computerized method for improving urban route networks. Proceedings of a Seminar on Public Transport Operations Research. University of Leeds, 1980
[12] Hasselstrem.D.Public Transportation Planning.a Mathematical Programming Approach. BAS, Sweden,1981
[13] Cedar Avishai,Bus Frequency Determination using Passenger Count Data. Transportation Research,Part A:General,Oct-Dee,1984
[14] Cedar Avishai,Nigel H.M.Wilson.BusNetwork Design.Translm.Res.B,1986
[15] Mahmassani H.S.TRUST:A Lisp program for the analysis of transit routs configurations. Transportation Research Record 1283.1990
[16] M.Hadi Baaj , Hani S . Mahmassani . Hybrid Route Generation Heuristic Algorithm for the design of Transit Networks.Transept.Res.C,1995
[17] S.B.Pattnaik,S.Mohan,V M.Tom.Urban Bus Transit Route Network Design Using Genetic Algorithm.Journal of Transportation Engineering,1998
[18] Lee,Y.J.and Vuchic. Transit Network Design with Variable Demand.79th Annual Meeting of TRB,Washington,DC.2000
[19] Somnuk Ngamchai,David J.Lovell,Optimal Time Transfer in Bus Transit Route Network Design Using a Genetic Algorithm . Journal of Transportation Engineering,No.5,September/October 2003
[20]吴稼豪,李硕,卢丙成.城市公共交通车线网络设计的一种优化方法,上海机械学院学报,1983
[21]杨兆升.城市公共交通网络优化,汽车运输,1985.
[22]韩印,李维斌,李晓峰.城市公交线网调整优化PSO算法,中国公路学报。1999
[23]林柏梁,杨富社,李鹏.基于出行费用最小化的公交网络优化模型,中国公路学报,1999
[24]胡启洲,常玉林.城市公交线网多目标优化的建模及其求解,江苏大学学报,2003
[25]单连龙,高自友.城市公交系统连续平衡网络设计的双层规划模型及求解算法,系统工程理论与实践,2000
[26]冯树民,陈洪仁.公共交通线网优化研究,哈尔滨工业大学学报,2005
[27]闰小勇,牛学勤.公交网络多路径选择启发式算法研究,城市交通,2005
[28]任华玲,高自友.动态公交网络设计的双层规划模型及算法研究,系统工程理论与实践,2007
[29]郝勇刚.常规公交线网优化双层规划模型研究——以南昌市为例:[华东交通大学硕士学位论文].上海:华东交通大学,2008
[30]孙艳丰.基于遗传算法的城市交通运输网优化问题研究,系统工程理论与实践,2000
[31]陈洪仁,冯树民.分层限制的公交线网优化模型,哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2001
[32]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法(第2版).北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[33]袁亚湘,孙文瑜.最优化理论与方法.北京:科学出版社,1999.
[34] Kim Tj,Sub S.Toward Developing A National Transportation Planning Model:A Bi-level Programming Approach For Korea.The Annals Of Regional Science, 1988.
[35]王炜,杨新苗,顾伟平等.公交线路客流模糊神经网络预测模型,公路交通科技,2001
[36]城市道路交通规划设计规范.北京:中国计划出版社,1995
[37]王志栋.公交线网优化模型的建立,大连铁道学院学报,1997
[38]张纲.城市公交网络优化模型及评价系统:[北方交通大学硕士论文].北京:北方交通大学,1987
[39]王炜,陈学武,陆建等.城市交通系统可持续发展理论体系研究.北京:科学出版社,2004
[40] Dorigo M,Gambardella L.M..Ant Colony System:A cooperative Learning Approach to the Traveling Salesman Problem . IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,1997
[41] Colomi A.,Dorigo M.,Mand M.V.An investigation of some properties of ant algorithm.In:Proc.of Parallel Problem Solving from Nature(PPSN).France:Elsiver.1992
[42]杨超,李彬.城市公交线网优化图论模型预算法,同济大学学报,1998
[43]王晓东.计算机算法设计与分析.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[44]孙爱允.大城市公交线网规划一般方法研究:[东南大学硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学,1996
[45]李发.城市公交线网优化研究:[长沙理工大学硕士学位论文].长沙:长沙理工大学,2009
[46]陈凤.城市群一体化城际公交网络设计研究:[长沙理工大学硕士学位论文].长沙:长沙理工大学,2009
[47]刘环宇,宋瑞,许旺土等.城市公交线网优化的双层模型及遗传算法求解,城市公共交通,2009
[48] Jizhenguan,Pengjian Shang. Non-linear Analysis And Forecasting Of Traffic Flow,Journal of System Science and Information,2005
[49] Z. Y. Gao, J. J. Wu, and H. J. Sun. Solution algorithm for the bi-level discrete network design problem,Transportation Research B,2005
[50] Sullivan D.Using Desktop GIS for the Investigation of Accessibility by Public Transport An Isochrones Approach,Geographical Information Science,2000
[51] Duff-Riddell,W.R.,C.J.Bester.Network modeling approach to transit network design.Journal of Urban Planning and Development,2005
[52] Mily Parveen,Amer Shalaby,Mohamed Wahba.G—EMME/2:Automatic calibration tool of the EMME / 2 transit assignment using genetic algorithms.Journal of Transportation Engineering,2007
[53]怀化市公共交通专项规划(2008-2030)
[2]蒋涛.启发式公交网络设计方法:[西南交通大学硕士学位论文].成都西南交通大学:西南交通大学,2006.
[3]张亚平,汪建鸽.基于流量-车道占有率模型的高速公路路段通行能力分析.中南公路工程,2000,Vol.25(01)
[4]胡刚.城市公共交通网络站点优化技术研究:[东南大学博士学位论文].南京:东南大学,2003
[5]郑祖武.中国城市交通.北京:人民交通出版社,1994.
[6]王炜,杨新苗,陈学武.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术.北京:科学出版社,2002
[7]单连龙,高自友.城市公交系统连续网络设计的双层规划模型及其求解算法.系统工程理论与实践,2000,Vol7
[8] Lampkin W,P.D.Saalmans,The Design of Routes.Service Frequencies and Schedules for a Municipal Bus Undertaking:A Case Study.Operational Research Quarterly 18,Dec,1967
[9] Rea,J.C.Designing Urban Transit Systems:An Approach to the Rout-Technology Selection Problem, University of Washington,Seattle,WA.1971
[10] Mandl C.E.Evaluation and Optimization of Urban Public Transportation Networks.European Journal of Operational Research,Dee.1980
[11]Hasselstrom,D.Experience of a computerized method for improving urban route networks. Proceedings of a Seminar on Public Transport Operations Research. University of Leeds, 1980
[12] Hasselstrem.D.Public Transportation Planning.a Mathematical Programming Approach. BAS, Sweden,1981
[13] Cedar Avishai,Bus Frequency Determination using Passenger Count Data. Transportation Research,Part A:General,Oct-Dee,1984
[14] Cedar Avishai,Nigel H.M.Wilson.BusNetwork Design.Translm.Res.B,1986
[15] Mahmassani H.S.TRUST:A Lisp program for the analysis of transit routs configurations. Transportation Research Record 1283.1990
[16] M.Hadi Baaj , Hani S . Mahmassani . Hybrid Route Generation Heuristic Algorithm for the design of Transit Networks.Transept.Res.C,1995
[17] S.B.Pattnaik,S.Mohan,V M.Tom.Urban Bus Transit Route Network Design Using Genetic Algorithm.Journal of Transportation Engineering,1998
[18] Lee,Y.J.and Vuchic. Transit Network Design with Variable Demand.79th Annual Meeting of TRB,Washington,DC.2000
[19] Somnuk Ngamchai,David J.Lovell,Optimal Time Transfer in Bus Transit Route Network Design Using a Genetic Algorithm . Journal of Transportation Engineering,No.5,September/October 2003
[20]吴稼豪,李硕,卢丙成.城市公共交通车线网络设计的一种优化方法,上海机械学院学报,1983
[21]杨兆升.城市公共交通网络优化,汽车运输,1985.
[22]韩印,李维斌,李晓峰.城市公交线网调整优化PSO算法,中国公路学报。1999
[23]林柏梁,杨富社,李鹏.基于出行费用最小化的公交网络优化模型,中国公路学报,1999
[24]胡启洲,常玉林.城市公交线网多目标优化的建模及其求解,江苏大学学报,2003
[25]单连龙,高自友.城市公交系统连续平衡网络设计的双层规划模型及求解算法,系统工程理论与实践,2000
[26]冯树民,陈洪仁.公共交通线网优化研究,哈尔滨工业大学学报,2005
[27]闰小勇,牛学勤.公交网络多路径选择启发式算法研究,城市交通,2005
[28]任华玲,高自友.动态公交网络设计的双层规划模型及算法研究,系统工程理论与实践,2007
[29]郝勇刚.常规公交线网优化双层规划模型研究——以南昌市为例:[华东交通大学硕士学位论文].上海:华东交通大学,2008
[30]孙艳丰.基于遗传算法的城市交通运输网优化问题研究,系统工程理论与实践,2000
[31]陈洪仁,冯树民.分层限制的公交线网优化模型,哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2001
[32]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法(第2版).北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[33]袁亚湘,孙文瑜.最优化理论与方法.北京:科学出版社,1999.
[34] Kim Tj,Sub S.Toward Developing A National Transportation Planning Model:A Bi-level Programming Approach For Korea.The Annals Of Regional Science, 1988.
[35]王炜,杨新苗,顾伟平等.公交线路客流模糊神经网络预测模型,公路交通科技,2001
[36]城市道路交通规划设计规范.北京:中国计划出版社,1995
[37]王志栋.公交线网优化模型的建立,大连铁道学院学报,1997
[38]张纲.城市公交网络优化模型及评价系统:[北方交通大学硕士论文].北京:北方交通大学,1987
[39]王炜,陈学武,陆建等.城市交通系统可持续发展理论体系研究.北京:科学出版社,2004
[40] Dorigo M,Gambardella L.M..Ant Colony System:A cooperative Learning Approach to the Traveling Salesman Problem . IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,1997
[41] Colomi A.,Dorigo M.,Mand M.V.An investigation of some properties of ant algorithm.In:Proc.of Parallel Problem Solving from Nature(PPSN).France:Elsiver.1992
[42]杨超,李彬.城市公交线网优化图论模型预算法,同济大学学报,1998
[43]王晓东.计算机算法设计与分析.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[44]孙爱允.大城市公交线网规划一般方法研究:[东南大学硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学,1996
[45]李发.城市公交线网优化研究:[长沙理工大学硕士学位论文].长沙:长沙理工大学,2009
[46]陈凤.城市群一体化城际公交网络设计研究:[长沙理工大学硕士学位论文].长沙:长沙理工大学,2009
[47]刘环宇,宋瑞,许旺土等.城市公交线网优化的双层模型及遗传算法求解,城市公共交通,2009
[48] Jizhenguan,Pengjian Shang. Non-linear Analysis And Forecasting Of Traffic Flow,Journal of System Science and Information,2005
[49] Z. Y. Gao, J. J. Wu, and H. J. Sun. Solution algorithm for the bi-level discrete network design problem,Transportation Research B,2005
[50] Sullivan D.Using Desktop GIS for the Investigation of Accessibility by Public Transport An Isochrones Approach,Geographical Information Science,2000
[51] Duff-Riddell,W.R.,C.J.Bester.Network modeling approach to transit network design.Journal of Urban Planning and Development,2005
[52] Mily Parveen,Amer Shalaby,Mohamed Wahba.G—EMME/2:Automatic calibration tool of the EMME / 2 transit assignment using genetic algorithms.Journal of Transportation Engineering,2007
[53]怀化市公共交通专项规划(2008-2030)