三种林型下长鞭红景天和优势种的更新研究
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摘要
本研究以西藏色季拉山的方枝柏纯林、急尖长苞冷杉纯林和方枝柏急尖长苞冷杉混交林为研究对象,通过研究其林型下长鞭红景天和优势种的更新,了解长鞭红景天在不同林型下的更新情况以及各林型下优势种的更新特征,为长鞭红景天的科学保护和西藏色季拉山原始森林的可持续经营提供理论依据。
通过研究方枝柏林群落、急尖长苞冷杉林群落和方枝柏冷杉群落三个群落下的长鞭红景天的种群扩张能力和群落内方枝柏、急尖长苞冷杉的更新,揭示长鞭红景天的种群扩张对方枝柏和急尖长苞冷杉更新的影响,论证其群落的稳定性。
研究结果表明:
1.长鞭红景天的更新情况,在阳坡生境更新良好。而在阴坡生境的林型下草本层中,长鞭红景天不是优势种,不能得到很好的更新。
2.混交林中,方枝柏更新株数量极少,为衰退型种群,而急尖长苞冷杉更新株数量充足,表现出增长型种群的结构特征;急尖长苞冷杉纯林中急尖长苞冷杉更新株数量充足,表现为增长型种群;方枝柏纯林中方枝柏更新株数量较充足,表现为稳定型种群。
3.急尖长苞冷杉纯林内物种多样性低,由于急尖长苞冷杉的强大的优势,使其它的灌木逐渐减少和消亡,林分的结构逐渐趋于单一,杜鹃占据了除急尖长苞冷杉外的绝大多数的空间。
4.色季拉山调查样地周围的植物从生物学特性分,主要以阳性物种为主。这些物种喜光性强,对光照有较大需求。
Sabina saltuaria pure forest, Abies georgei var. smithii pure forest and mixed forest of Sabina saltuaria and Abies georgei var. smithii in Tibet Sejila Mountain were studied. Regeneration of Rhodiola fastigiata and dominant species in different forest type were explored to understand the regeneration status of Rhodiola fastigiata and regeneration characteristics of dominant species. A theoretical basis was provided for the Rhodiola fastigiata conservation and sustainable management of virgin forests in Sejila Mountain.
By studying Sabina saltuaria regeneration, Abies georgei var. smithii regeneration and population expansions of Rhodiola fastigiata Sabina saltuaria pure forest, Abies georgei var. smithii pure forest and mixed forest of Sabina saltuaria and Abies georgei var. smithii. Population expansion of Rhodiola fastigiata was explored to understand the compliance on Sabina saltuaria regeneration and Abies georgei var. smithii regeneration to demonstrate the stability of their community.
The results show that:
1. Rhodiola fastigiata regeneration is better in sunny slope than in shady slope. Rhodiola fastigiata which was not dominant regeneration can not be good.
2. Sabina saltuaria regeneration which was very few belonged to recession population while Abies georgei var. smithii regeneration which was sufficient belonged to growth population in mixed forest of Sabina saltuaria and Abies georgei var. smithii. Abies georgei var. smithii regeneration which was sufficient belonged to growth population in Abies georgei var. smithii pure forest. Sabina saltuaria regeneration which was sufficient belonged to stable population in Sabina saltuaria pure forest.
3. The species diversity is low in Abies georgei var. smithii pure forest. As a strong advantage of Abies georgei var. smithii, other shrubs gradually decreased and died. Stand structure becoming more and more single. Rhododendron occupied the most space excluding which Abies georgei var. smithii occupied.
4. Plants of sample sites and the surrounding in Sejila Mountain according to biological characteristics mainly positive species. These species were strongly heliophilous while there was a greater demand on the light.
通过研究方枝柏林群落、急尖长苞冷杉林群落和方枝柏冷杉群落三个群落下的长鞭红景天的种群扩张能力和群落内方枝柏、急尖长苞冷杉的更新,揭示长鞭红景天的种群扩张对方枝柏和急尖长苞冷杉更新的影响,论证其群落的稳定性。
研究结果表明:
1.长鞭红景天的更新情况,在阳坡生境更新良好。而在阴坡生境的林型下草本层中,长鞭红景天不是优势种,不能得到很好的更新。
2.混交林中,方枝柏更新株数量极少,为衰退型种群,而急尖长苞冷杉更新株数量充足,表现出增长型种群的结构特征;急尖长苞冷杉纯林中急尖长苞冷杉更新株数量充足,表现为增长型种群;方枝柏纯林中方枝柏更新株数量较充足,表现为稳定型种群。
3.急尖长苞冷杉纯林内物种多样性低,由于急尖长苞冷杉的强大的优势,使其它的灌木逐渐减少和消亡,林分的结构逐渐趋于单一,杜鹃占据了除急尖长苞冷杉外的绝大多数的空间。
4.色季拉山调查样地周围的植物从生物学特性分,主要以阳性物种为主。这些物种喜光性强,对光照有较大需求。
Sabina saltuaria pure forest, Abies georgei var. smithii pure forest and mixed forest of Sabina saltuaria and Abies georgei var. smithii in Tibet Sejila Mountain were studied. Regeneration of Rhodiola fastigiata and dominant species in different forest type were explored to understand the regeneration status of Rhodiola fastigiata and regeneration characteristics of dominant species. A theoretical basis was provided for the Rhodiola fastigiata conservation and sustainable management of virgin forests in Sejila Mountain.
By studying Sabina saltuaria regeneration, Abies georgei var. smithii regeneration and population expansions of Rhodiola fastigiata Sabina saltuaria pure forest, Abies georgei var. smithii pure forest and mixed forest of Sabina saltuaria and Abies georgei var. smithii. Population expansion of Rhodiola fastigiata was explored to understand the compliance on Sabina saltuaria regeneration and Abies georgei var. smithii regeneration to demonstrate the stability of their community.
The results show that:
1. Rhodiola fastigiata regeneration is better in sunny slope than in shady slope. Rhodiola fastigiata which was not dominant regeneration can not be good.
2. Sabina saltuaria regeneration which was very few belonged to recession population while Abies georgei var. smithii regeneration which was sufficient belonged to growth population in mixed forest of Sabina saltuaria and Abies georgei var. smithii. Abies georgei var. smithii regeneration which was sufficient belonged to growth population in Abies georgei var. smithii pure forest. Sabina saltuaria regeneration which was sufficient belonged to stable population in Sabina saltuaria pure forest.
3. The species diversity is low in Abies georgei var. smithii pure forest. As a strong advantage of Abies georgei var. smithii, other shrubs gradually decreased and died. Stand structure becoming more and more single. Rhododendron occupied the most space excluding which Abies georgei var. smithii occupied.
4. Plants of sample sites and the surrounding in Sejila Mountain according to biological characteristics mainly positive species. These species were strongly heliophilous while there was a greater demand on the light.
引文
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[24] Kennard,D.K.,K.Gould,F.E.Putz,T.S.Fredericksen,and F.Morales. Effect of disturbance intensity on regeneration mechanisms in a tropical dry forest.Forest Ecology and Management, 2002, 162:197-208
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[2]周云龙.植物生物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[3] Lamont,B.B. Canopy seed storage and release: what's in a name? Oikos, 1991, 60:266-268
[4] Thompson,K. and J.P.Grime. Seasonal variation in the seed banks of herbaceous species in ten contrasting habitats. Journal of Ecology 1979, 67:893-921
[5] Baskin,C.C., and M.J.Baskin. Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. Academic Press, San Diego, 1998
[6] Walck,J.L., J.M.Baskin, C.C.Baskin, , et al, Defining transient and persistent seed banks in species with pronounced seasonal dormancy and germination patterns. Seed Science Research, 2005, 15:189-196
[7] Clark,J.S., B.Beckage, P.Camill, et al, Interpreting recruitment limitation in forests. American Journal of Botany, 1999, 86:1-16
[8] Bond,W.J.and J.J.Midgley. Ecology of sprouting in woody plants: the persistence niche. Trends in Ecology&Evolution, 2001,16:45-51
[9] Kruger,L.M.,J.J.Midgley,and R.M.Cowling. Resprouters vs reseeders in South African forest trees: a model based on forest canopy height. Functional Ecology, 1997, 11:101-105
[10] Cao,K.F.and R.Peters. Structure and stem growth of multi-stemmed trees of Fagus engleriana in China. Plant Ecology, 1998, 139:211-220
[11] Kammesheidt,L. Forest recovery by root suckers and above-ground sprouts after slash-and-burn agriculture, fire and logging in Paraguay and Venezuela. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 1999, 15:143-157
[12] Paciorek,C.J.,R.Condit,S.P.Hubbell and R.B.Foster. The demographics of resprouting in tree and shrub species of a moist tropical forest.Journal of Ecology, 2000,88:765-777
[13] Ickes,K.,S.J.Dewalt,and S.C.Thomas. Resprouting of woody saplings following stem snap by wild pigs in a Malaysian rain forest.Journal of Ecology, 2003.91:222-233
[14] McLaren,K.P.and M.A.McDonld. Coppice regrowth in a disturbed tropicaldry limestone forest in Jamaica.Forest Ecology and Management, 2003, 80:99-111
[15] Cook,R.E. Growth and development in clonal plant populations. Yale University Press, Newhaven, 1985, 259-296
[16] Starr,C. Biology-concepts and application,third edition.Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont,California, 1996
[17] Klimes,L.,J.Klimesova,R.Hendriks and J.V.Groenendael. Clonal plant architecture: a comparative analysis of form and function.in H.D.Kroon and J.V.Groenendae,editors.The ecology and evolution of clonal plants.Backhuys Publishers,Leiden, 1997
[18] Price,E.A.C.and C.MarshallClonal plant and environment heterogeneity. Plant Ecology, 1999, 141:3-7
[19] Grime,J.P.1989.The stress debate:symptom of impending synthesis?Pages 3-17 in P.Calow,editor. Evolution,ecology and environment stress.Proceedings of the Linnean Society Bicentenary Symposium,June 1988.Special issue of Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.
[20] Fernandez-Palacios,J.M.,and J.R.Arevalo. Regeneration strategies of tree species in the laurel forest of Tenerife (The Canary Islands).Plant Ecology, 1998, 137:21-29
[21] Grime,J.P.,and J.Hillier. The contribution of seedling regeneration to the structure and dynamics of plant communities,ecosystems and large units of landscape.in M.Fenner,editor. Seeds:the ecology of regeneration in plant communities.CAB International,Wallingford, 2001
[22] Pandey,S.K.,and R.P.Shukla. Regeneration strategy and plant diversity status in degraded sal forests.Current Science, 2001, 81:95-102
[23] Grime,J.P. Plant strategies, vegetation processes and ecosystem properties, second edition. John Wiley&Sons Ltd.,England, 2002
[24] Kennard,D.K.,K.Gould,F.E.Putz,T.S.Fredericksen,and F.Morales. Effect of disturbance intensity on regeneration mechanisms in a tropical dry forest.Forest Ecology and Management, 2002, 162:197-208
[25] Deiller,A.F., J.M.N.Walter and M.Tremolieres. Regeneration strategies in a temperate hardwood floodplain forest of the Upper Rhine: sexual versus vegetative reproduction of woody species. Forest Ecology and Management, 2003, 180:215-225
[26] Miura,M.,and S.I.Yamamoto. Effects of sprouting and canopy states on the structure and dynamics of a Castanopsis cuspidata var.sieboldii sapling population in an old-growth evergreen broad-leaved forest.Forest Ecology and Management, 2003, 183:387-400
[27] Grime,J.P. The stress debate: symptom of impending synthesis? Pages 3-17 in P.Calow, editor. Evolution, ecology and environment stress. Proceedings of the Linnean Society Bicentenary Symposium, June 1988.
[28] Grime,J.P.,and J.Hillier. The contribution of seedling regeneration to the structure and dynamics of plant communities, ecosystems and large units of landscape. in M.Fenner,editor. Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plant communities.CAB International, Wallingford, 2001
[29] Grime,J.P. Plant strategies,vegetation processes,and ecosystem properties,second edition.John Wiley&Sons Ltd.,England, 2002.
[30] Grime,J.P.,and J.Hillier. The contribution of seedling regeneration to the structure and dynamics of plant communities, ecosystems and large units of landscape. In M.Fenner,editor. Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plant communities. CAB International, Wallingford, 2001
[31] Grime,J.P. Plant strategies,vegetation processes,and ecosystem properties,second edition.John Wiley&Sons Ltd,England, 2002
[32] Baskin,C.C.and M.J.Baskin. Seeds:ecology,biogeography,and evolution of dormancy and germination. Academic Press, an Diego, 1998
[33]Clark,J.S.,B.Beckage,P.Camill,B.Cleveland,J.HilleRisLambers,J.Lichter,J.McLachlan,J.Mohan,and P.Wyckoff.1999. Interpreting recruitment limitation in forests. American Journal of Botany 86:1-16.
[34] Grime,J.P. Plant strategies, vegetation processes, and ecosystem properties, second edition. John Wiley&Sons Ltd., England, 2002
[35]牛翠娟,娄安如,孙濡泳,等.基础生态学(第2版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007,183-193
[36]班勇,徐化成.大兴安岭北部原始老龄林内兴安落叶松幼苗种群的生命统计研究[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(2):113-118
[37]祝宁,郭维明.生境异质性对刺五加种子萌发的影响及其种子库动态[J].生态学报,1996,16(4):408-413
[38]彭闪江,黄忠良,彭少麟,欧阳学军,徐国良.植物天然更新过程中种子和幼苗死亡的影响因素[J].广西植物,2004,24(2):113-221
[39]张治国,王任卿.青岛沿海岛屿生物多样性研究(Ⅱ)山茶(Camellia japonica)种群分布格局[J].山东大学学报(自然科学版),1998,33(4):455-461
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