库尔勒香梨优良营养系选种与绿色优质综合生产配套技术研究
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摘要
绿色果品生产已成为世界果树栽培发展的一大趋势,新疆具有得天独厚的生产绿色果品的环境条件。本研究分两个试验内容:(1)按照绿色食品生产标准,通过田间试验,研究制定库尔勒香梨绿色优质生产配套技术;(2)通过库尔勒香梨营养系选种,结合RT-PCR检测技术,利用系统综合指数法筛选出优株。主要研究内容如下:
1、库尔勒香梨绿色优质综合生产配套技术研究:通过施肥、果实套袋、掐花萼、喷康洁液态植物膜、虫害防治、腐烂病与黄化病防治调查等试验及库尔勒香梨三种树型光合作用日变化、季节变化的测量进行研究。结果表明:生物菌肥处理的增产率为11.4%-20.3%,复合肥处理的增产率为16.1%-36.0%,总体上生物菌肥处理的增产率低于复合肥处理的增产率;在肥料中添加适量微量元素,有利于提高果实品质和产量;花后30天套白色塑膜袋效果较好;掐花萼结果显示,花后10天深掐花萼果实品质最好;喷康洁液态植物膜后,果皮增厚,外观品质下降,原因有待继续研究;用几种不同的生物农药替换使用防治害虫,有效的防止了害虫的发生,并减少用药次数,虫果率为0‰,经检测农药残留量符合国家绿色食品的标准,证明了生物农药在绿色食品生产中防治害虫的可靠性,可以推广使用;两种药剂“9281”和“843”长效康复宁治疗腐烂病的复发率分别为14.4%和17.6%,防治效果接近,“9281”使用简单;黄化病防治要在秋季增施有机肥或添加硫酸亚铁等微量元素。对库尔勒香梨三种树型光合作用日变化、季节变化的测量结果表明:香梨光合作用日变化呈双峰型,“开心”型光合能力最强;季节变化是先升高后降低;光饱和点和光补偿点分别为1400 E m~(-2)s~(-1)和20 E m~(-2)s~(-1);叶绿素含量与Pn之间无显著线性相关(P=0.055＞0.05)。
2、库尔勒香梨优良营养系选种试验:调查库尔勒香梨优株物候期、测量果实主要经济性状,运用RT-PCR检测技术检测优株是否带PVYV和PRPMV两种病毒,运用系统综合指数法决选优株,结果表明:各优株的物候期与当地库尔勒香梨树没有显著的差异;病毒检测结果表明,24、29号优株不带PVYV和PRPMV两种病毒,其它均带一种病毒或两种病毒;系统综合指数法决选优株结果,如不考虑病毒因素,22号可以入选;如选育不带PVYV和PRPMV两种病毒的,24号可以入选。
Green fruit production has become one major tendency of the world fruit development. Xinjiang has favorite environment conditions of green fruit production. This research consists two experiments:(1) According to the green food production standard, through the field test, the research formulates the Korla fragrant pear green high quality production techniques; (2) Using clonal selecation combining the RT-PCR examination technique, making use of the comprehensive system-index method to select excellent plants. Main research contents are as follows:
1. The results of The Korla fragrant pear green high quality production techniques indicate that the production increase rate use the biology bacterial fertilizer is 11.4%-20.3%, the production increase rate use compound fertilizers is 16.1%-36.0%; Adding appropriate amount of trace elements into the fertilizers can increase the yields and the quality of fruit. The result of fruit bag on fruit shows that the white bags of plastic used 30 days of after blooming have the best effect. Pinch off the calyx deeply 10 days after blooming has the best effect. The fragrant pear peel become thick after spraying Kangjie, the outward appearance quality drops, the reasons still need to further study. Several different bio-agrochemical alternation usage, which effectively prevent the occurrence of the pest, and the insect fruit rate is 0‰, the pesticide residue accord with the green food standard, it proves that biological pesticide have reliability in production. "9281" and "843" treat the rotten sickness recur rate are 14.4% and 17.6% separately. Preventing Yellows sickness must increase the organic or trace element fertilizers in autumn. Measure the photo-synthesis of three kinds of trees, the result shows that daily photo-synthesis changes has two peaks. the type of 'kaixin' has the strongest ability of photo-synthesis. The season variety lowers after going up first; The light saturation point and lights compensate point are 1400 E m~(-2) s~(-1) and 20 E m~(-2) s~(-1) respectively. The chlorophyll contents and Pn (P=0.055>0.05) have no significant linear correlation.
2. The investigation shows that there are no differences between the excellent plants and other fragrant pear trees on phenophase. Use RT-PCR examines virus method to find No.24 and No.29 do not take the ASPV and ACLCV two kinds of viruses, the other all takes the virus. Comprehensive system-index method results show that if take no account of the virus factor, No.22 can be selected, otherwise, No.24 can be selected.
1、库尔勒香梨绿色优质综合生产配套技术研究:通过施肥、果实套袋、掐花萼、喷康洁液态植物膜、虫害防治、腐烂病与黄化病防治调查等试验及库尔勒香梨三种树型光合作用日变化、季节变化的测量进行研究。结果表明:生物菌肥处理的增产率为11.4%-20.3%,复合肥处理的增产率为16.1%-36.0%,总体上生物菌肥处理的增产率低于复合肥处理的增产率;在肥料中添加适量微量元素,有利于提高果实品质和产量;花后30天套白色塑膜袋效果较好;掐花萼结果显示,花后10天深掐花萼果实品质最好;喷康洁液态植物膜后,果皮增厚,外观品质下降,原因有待继续研究;用几种不同的生物农药替换使用防治害虫,有效的防止了害虫的发生,并减少用药次数,虫果率为0‰,经检测农药残留量符合国家绿色食品的标准,证明了生物农药在绿色食品生产中防治害虫的可靠性,可以推广使用;两种药剂“9281”和“843”长效康复宁治疗腐烂病的复发率分别为14.4%和17.6%,防治效果接近,“9281”使用简单;黄化病防治要在秋季增施有机肥或添加硫酸亚铁等微量元素。对库尔勒香梨三种树型光合作用日变化、季节变化的测量结果表明:香梨光合作用日变化呈双峰型,“开心”型光合能力最强;季节变化是先升高后降低;光饱和点和光补偿点分别为1400 E m~(-2)s~(-1)和20 E m~(-2)s~(-1);叶绿素含量与Pn之间无显著线性相关(P=0.055＞0.05)。
2、库尔勒香梨优良营养系选种试验:调查库尔勒香梨优株物候期、测量果实主要经济性状,运用RT-PCR检测技术检测优株是否带PVYV和PRPMV两种病毒,运用系统综合指数法决选优株,结果表明:各优株的物候期与当地库尔勒香梨树没有显著的差异;病毒检测结果表明,24、29号优株不带PVYV和PRPMV两种病毒,其它均带一种病毒或两种病毒;系统综合指数法决选优株结果,如不考虑病毒因素,22号可以入选;如选育不带PVYV和PRPMV两种病毒的,24号可以入选。
Green fruit production has become one major tendency of the world fruit development. Xinjiang has favorite environment conditions of green fruit production. This research consists two experiments:(1) According to the green food production standard, through the field test, the research formulates the Korla fragrant pear green high quality production techniques; (2) Using clonal selecation combining the RT-PCR examination technique, making use of the comprehensive system-index method to select excellent plants. Main research contents are as follows:
1. The results of The Korla fragrant pear green high quality production techniques indicate that the production increase rate use the biology bacterial fertilizer is 11.4%-20.3%, the production increase rate use compound fertilizers is 16.1%-36.0%; Adding appropriate amount of trace elements into the fertilizers can increase the yields and the quality of fruit. The result of fruit bag on fruit shows that the white bags of plastic used 30 days of after blooming have the best effect. Pinch off the calyx deeply 10 days after blooming has the best effect. The fragrant pear peel become thick after spraying Kangjie, the outward appearance quality drops, the reasons still need to further study. Several different bio-agrochemical alternation usage, which effectively prevent the occurrence of the pest, and the insect fruit rate is 0‰, the pesticide residue accord with the green food standard, it proves that biological pesticide have reliability in production. "9281" and "843" treat the rotten sickness recur rate are 14.4% and 17.6% separately. Preventing Yellows sickness must increase the organic or trace element fertilizers in autumn. Measure the photo-synthesis of three kinds of trees, the result shows that daily photo-synthesis changes has two peaks. the type of 'kaixin' has the strongest ability of photo-synthesis. The season variety lowers after going up first; The light saturation point and lights compensate point are 1400 E m~(-2) s~(-1) and 20 E m~(-2) s~(-1) respectively. The chlorophyll contents and Pn (P=0.055>0.05) have no significant linear correlation.
2. The investigation shows that there are no differences between the excellent plants and other fragrant pear trees on phenophase. Use RT-PCR examines virus method to find No.24 and No.29 do not take the ASPV and ACLCV two kinds of viruses, the other all takes the virus. Comprehensive system-index method results show that if take no account of the virus factor, No.22 can be selected, otherwise, No.24 can be selected.
引文
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