影响库尔勒香梨果实品质的相关因子及提高果实品质的措施研究
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摘要
本论文以库尔勒香梨为试验材料,研究了梨萼片脱落与宿存特性、粗皮果的分布和矿质元素含量,开展了喷施NAA、Eth、PBO促进萼片脱落,喷施氯化钠、IAA、Zncl2等减少石细胞措施的试验研究。试验结果如下:
1.库尔勒香梨果实萼片有两次脱落高峰,分别为4月30日的45片/d和5月4日的19片/d。6-7个序位中,第四序位果实萼片脱落率最高,达55.07%。
初花期、盛花期NAA10mg·L-1和乙烯利、PBO初花期、盛花期的所有处理均对促进萼片脱落及减少突顶果有较好地效果,以初花期和盛花期PBO处理效果最佳。NAA、乙烯利、和PBO均能增加果实单果重和可溶性固形物,其中PBO处理效果最为明显。
2. 91%的粗皮果分布于树冠内膛,仅9%分布于外围,不同部位的粗皮果的各果形比例也不同。粗皮果果皮Fe元素含量由上至下逐渐减少,K、Ca、Mn、Cu元素果皮下部含量最高,Zn元素果皮上部含量最高。粗皮果果皮上部、中部、下部、果肉和种子中K和Cu元素含量均较高,Ca元素含量较低。粗皮果的石细胞团直径、密度和含量较高,硬度大,可滴定酸含量高,可溶性固形物低。
3.氯化钠处理可使石细胞团的直径显著下降,但对石细胞团密度无显著影响,可显著的增加果实可溶性固形物,降低可滴定酸含量。
IAA100mg·L-1的处理的果实石细胞团直径、密度和含量最小,IAA可以增加果实单果重,提高可溶性固形物,但对果实品质影响不大。
喷施氯化锌可以降低石细胞团含量,对直径和密度影响不大,提高了可溶性固形物,降低了核心比和可滴定酸含量。
This thesis is based on Korla Fragrant pear to be experimental material, calyx Leaving and Persistent, rough pear distribution, mineral element content were studied. What’s more, the experiment adopt the method of spraying NAA, spraying Eth, spraying PBO to accelerate calyx Leaving and spraying Nacl, IAA, Zncl2 to reduce stone cells.The results showed:
1. The results showed that the flower calyx leaving has two leaving peaks, which is 45 pieces every day on 30 Apr and 19 pieces every day on 4 May.The highest flower calyx leaving rate is the fourth inflorescence which get 55.07%.
The treatments of spraying NAA10mg·L-1, Eth and PBO in initial and medium stage of flowering have the better result to accelerate calyx leaving and reduce top heave of fruit, the best result is to spray PBO in in initial and medium stage of flowering. It could improve the weight of single fruit and the total soluble solid contents to spray NAA, Ethrel and PBO, the best result is to spray PBO.
2. The proportion of rough pear is 91% and 9% in internal and external shoots. The proportion of fruit shapes is different too.
The Fe’s content of rough pear peel drops off from top down, the conten of K、Ca、Mn、Cu is the highest in top peel. The content of K and Cu is high, the Ca is lower in sarcocarp, top peel, middle peel and bottom peel of rough pear. The diameter, density and content of stone cell are high, and the titration acid contents are high and the total soluble solid contents are low in rough pear.
3. The diameter of sione cell was decreased and the content of total soluble solid had distinct increase, the titration acid contents were decreased in the treatment of NaCl spraying, but it had no distinct influence on density of stone cells.
The diameter, density and content of stone cell are the best in the treatment of IAA 100mg·L-1 , and it could increase the weight of single fruit, but had no distinct influence to fruit quality.
The content of stone cell was decreased in the treatment of ZnCl2 spraying, and it had no distinct influence on diameter and density to spray ZnCl2.The content of total soluble solid was increased, meanwhile, the titration acid contents were decreased by this way.
1.库尔勒香梨果实萼片有两次脱落高峰,分别为4月30日的45片/d和5月4日的19片/d。6-7个序位中,第四序位果实萼片脱落率最高,达55.07%。
初花期、盛花期NAA10mg·L-1和乙烯利、PBO初花期、盛花期的所有处理均对促进萼片脱落及减少突顶果有较好地效果,以初花期和盛花期PBO处理效果最佳。NAA、乙烯利、和PBO均能增加果实单果重和可溶性固形物,其中PBO处理效果最为明显。
2. 91%的粗皮果分布于树冠内膛,仅9%分布于外围,不同部位的粗皮果的各果形比例也不同。粗皮果果皮Fe元素含量由上至下逐渐减少,K、Ca、Mn、Cu元素果皮下部含量最高,Zn元素果皮上部含量最高。粗皮果果皮上部、中部、下部、果肉和种子中K和Cu元素含量均较高,Ca元素含量较低。粗皮果的石细胞团直径、密度和含量较高,硬度大,可滴定酸含量高,可溶性固形物低。
3.氯化钠处理可使石细胞团的直径显著下降,但对石细胞团密度无显著影响,可显著的增加果实可溶性固形物,降低可滴定酸含量。
IAA100mg·L-1的处理的果实石细胞团直径、密度和含量最小,IAA可以增加果实单果重,提高可溶性固形物,但对果实品质影响不大。
喷施氯化锌可以降低石细胞团含量,对直径和密度影响不大,提高了可溶性固形物,降低了核心比和可滴定酸含量。
This thesis is based on Korla Fragrant pear to be experimental material, calyx Leaving and Persistent, rough pear distribution, mineral element content were studied. What’s more, the experiment adopt the method of spraying NAA, spraying Eth, spraying PBO to accelerate calyx Leaving and spraying Nacl, IAA, Zncl2 to reduce stone cells.The results showed:
1. The results showed that the flower calyx leaving has two leaving peaks, which is 45 pieces every day on 30 Apr and 19 pieces every day on 4 May.The highest flower calyx leaving rate is the fourth inflorescence which get 55.07%.
The treatments of spraying NAA10mg·L-1, Eth and PBO in initial and medium stage of flowering have the better result to accelerate calyx leaving and reduce top heave of fruit, the best result is to spray PBO in in initial and medium stage of flowering. It could improve the weight of single fruit and the total soluble solid contents to spray NAA, Ethrel and PBO, the best result is to spray PBO.
2. The proportion of rough pear is 91% and 9% in internal and external shoots. The proportion of fruit shapes is different too.
The Fe’s content of rough pear peel drops off from top down, the conten of K、Ca、Mn、Cu is the highest in top peel. The content of K and Cu is high, the Ca is lower in sarcocarp, top peel, middle peel and bottom peel of rough pear. The diameter, density and content of stone cell are high, and the titration acid contents are high and the total soluble solid contents are low in rough pear.
3. The diameter of sione cell was decreased and the content of total soluble solid had distinct increase, the titration acid contents were decreased in the treatment of NaCl spraying, but it had no distinct influence on density of stone cells.
The diameter, density and content of stone cell are the best in the treatment of IAA 100mg·L-1 , and it could increase the weight of single fruit, but had no distinct influence to fruit quality.
The content of stone cell was decreased in the treatment of ZnCl2 spraying, and it had no distinct influence on diameter and density to spray ZnCl2.The content of total soluble solid was increased, meanwhile, the titration acid contents were decreased by this way.
引文
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