基于SCP范式的我国商业银行产业组织研究
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摘要
产业组织理论是微观经济学在不完全竞争市场上的应用,通过结构-行为-绩效范式(简称SCP范式)研究特定产业的市场结构、市场行为、市场绩效及三者之间的相互关系。随着2006年我国银行业进入全面对外开放,在此背景下如何优化商业银行的市场结构,规范市场行为,提高市场绩效,已成为我国经济和金融发展中亟待解决的重要问题。
本文以SCP范式为分析框架,结合金融学相关知识,在银行业市场开放背景下,对我国商业银行的市场结构、市场行为、市场绩效进行分析,并提出调整和优化商业银行产业组织的若干建议。首先,回顾产业组织理论的发展变化以及我国银行业对外开放的历程,并对SCP分析框架在我国银行业的适用性进行说明与修正;其次,运用市场份额、市场集中度、产品差异化、进退壁垒指标对我国商业银行市场结构进行实证分析,并就相关指标与国外银行进行比较,从而进一步阐述银行业全面对外开放对市场结构的影响;第三,从价格行为和非价格行为角度对我国商业银行的市场行为现状进行说明,以银行卡细分市场为例运用博弈论方法对价格行为进行实证分析,从而进一步阐述银行业全面对外开放对市场行为的影响;第四,从盈利性、流动性、安全性方面入手,揭示我国商业银行市场绩效的现状,运用相关指标对市场绩效、市场结构与市场绩效之间的相互关系进行实证分析,并阐述银行业全面对外开放对市场绩效的影响;最后,针对我国商业银行产业组织的特点,从SCP的角度对我国商业银行产业组织提供有针对性的对策和建议。
The theory of industrial organization is the application of microeconomics in the imperfect competitive market.It focuses on the structure,conduct,performance and their relationship on the specific market by the Structure-Conduct-Performance Paradigm (SCP Paradigm).With Chinese banking has entered into all opening up,how to optimize market structure, regulate market conduct and improve maket performance under the background of opening banking market have been the important problems to be solved in the process of economic and finance development.
Based on the theory of industrial organization and financial knowledges,this paper analyzes market structure,market conduct and maket performance of cunrrent commercial banking industry in China by the SCP Paradigm under the background of opening banking market,and then puts forward some suggestions on how to adjust and optimize the commercial banking industrial organization in order to give the theory and empirical analysis of the banking industrial organization in China.This paper is divided into five parts.In the first part,by reviewing the development of industrial organization theory and opening-up of Chinese banking industry,it analyzes the applicability of SCP Paradigm on the banking industry and puts forward a modified framework.The second part,it makes an empirical analysis on the market structure of Chinese commercial banking by use of the indicators of market share,market concentration,product differentiation,and entry and exit barrier.On the basis of international comparison,it also discusses the impacts of opening-up Chinese banking on the market structure.In the third part,it shows that the market conduct status of Chinese commercial banking from the perspectives of price conduct and non-price conduct.Using the bank card segment market as an example,it makes an empirical analysis on the pirce conduct of Chinese commercial banking by the game theory and anlyzes the effects of opening-up Chinese banking on the market conduct.In the fourth part,based on the discussion of market perforamce status of Chinese commercial banking,it uses some financial indexes to explain and analyse the market performance, the relationship between market structure and market performance.It also illustrates that the influences of opening-up Chinese banking on the market performance.According to the features of Chinese commercial banking industry,the fifth part makes some suggestions from the aspects of market structure optimization,market conduct regulation and market performance improvement.
本文以SCP范式为分析框架,结合金融学相关知识,在银行业市场开放背景下,对我国商业银行的市场结构、市场行为、市场绩效进行分析,并提出调整和优化商业银行产业组织的若干建议。首先,回顾产业组织理论的发展变化以及我国银行业对外开放的历程,并对SCP分析框架在我国银行业的适用性进行说明与修正;其次,运用市场份额、市场集中度、产品差异化、进退壁垒指标对我国商业银行市场结构进行实证分析,并就相关指标与国外银行进行比较,从而进一步阐述银行业全面对外开放对市场结构的影响;第三,从价格行为和非价格行为角度对我国商业银行的市场行为现状进行说明,以银行卡细分市场为例运用博弈论方法对价格行为进行实证分析,从而进一步阐述银行业全面对外开放对市场行为的影响;第四,从盈利性、流动性、安全性方面入手,揭示我国商业银行市场绩效的现状,运用相关指标对市场绩效、市场结构与市场绩效之间的相互关系进行实证分析,并阐述银行业全面对外开放对市场绩效的影响;最后,针对我国商业银行产业组织的特点,从SCP的角度对我国商业银行产业组织提供有针对性的对策和建议。
The theory of industrial organization is the application of microeconomics in the imperfect competitive market.It focuses on the structure,conduct,performance and their relationship on the specific market by the Structure-Conduct-Performance Paradigm (SCP Paradigm).With Chinese banking has entered into all opening up,how to optimize market structure, regulate market conduct and improve maket performance under the background of opening banking market have been the important problems to be solved in the process of economic and finance development.
Based on the theory of industrial organization and financial knowledges,this paper analyzes market structure,market conduct and maket performance of cunrrent commercial banking industry in China by the SCP Paradigm under the background of opening banking market,and then puts forward some suggestions on how to adjust and optimize the commercial banking industrial organization in order to give the theory and empirical analysis of the banking industrial organization in China.This paper is divided into five parts.In the first part,by reviewing the development of industrial organization theory and opening-up of Chinese banking industry,it analyzes the applicability of SCP Paradigm on the banking industry and puts forward a modified framework.The second part,it makes an empirical analysis on the market structure of Chinese commercial banking by use of the indicators of market share,market concentration,product differentiation,and entry and exit barrier.On the basis of international comparison,it also discusses the impacts of opening-up Chinese banking on the market structure.In the third part,it shows that the market conduct status of Chinese commercial banking from the perspectives of price conduct and non-price conduct.Using the bank card segment market as an example,it makes an empirical analysis on the pirce conduct of Chinese commercial banking by the game theory and anlyzes the effects of opening-up Chinese banking on the market conduct.In the fourth part,based on the discussion of market perforamce status of Chinese commercial banking,it uses some financial indexes to explain and analyse the market performance, the relationship between market structure and market performance.It also illustrates that the influences of opening-up Chinese banking on the market performance.According to the features of Chinese commercial banking industry,the fifth part makes some suggestions from the aspects of market structure optimization,market conduct regulation and market performance improvement.
引文
[1]干春晖.产业经济学教程与案例.北京:机械工业出版社,2006:11.
[2] Berger Allen N.Bank concentration and Competition:An Evolution in the Making.Journal of Money.Credit and Banking,1995,36(3):433~451.
[3]程刚.我国商业银行市场结构、经营管理行为与绩效实证研究,[硕士学位论文].上海:东华大学,2006.
[4] Smirlock M.Evidence on the relationship between concentration and profitability in banking.Journal of Money Credit and Banking,1985,(17):333.
[5] Molyneux.Market structure and performance in European Banking.Applied Economics,1995,(27):155~159.
[6] Koskela.E.,Stenback.Is There a Tradeoff between Bank Competition and Financial Fragility.Journal of Banking&Finance,2000,(24):1853~1873.
[7] Berger,AllenN.,G.A.Hanwerck,et al.Competitive Viability in Banking:Scale,Scope and Product Mix Econmies.Journal of Monetary Economics,1987,(20):501~520.
[8]于良春,鞠源.垄断与竞争:中国银行业的改革和发展.经济研究,1999,(8):48~57.
[9]王国红.论中国银行业的市场结构.经济评论,2002,(2):96~103.
[10]秦婉顺,欧阳俊.中国商业银行业市场结构、效率和绩效.经济科学,2001,(4):34~45.
[11]崔晓峰.银行业市场行为研究.南方金融,2004,(11):22~23.
[12]武捷思.中国国有银行行为研究.北京:中国金融出版社,1996:20~22.
[13]邹伟进,刘铮.中国银行业市场结构、效率和绩效实证研究.经济评论,2007,(3):84~89.
[14]齐树天.商业银行绩效、效率与市场结构-基于中国1994-2005年的面板数据.国际金融研究,2008,(3):48~56.
[15]陈敬学.我国银行业市场结构和市场绩效的实证研究.金融论坛,2004,(5):23~29.
[16]于良春,王会宗.商业银行市场结构与经济增长关系的实证分析.延安大学学报(社会科学版),2007,(12):52~55.
[17]资料来源:中国银行业监督管理委员会2006年度报告,附录.
[18]曹郡.双重结构下我国商业银行的产业组织研究,[硕士学位论文].广州:暨南大学,2006.
[19]牛晓帆.西方产业组织理论的演化与新发展.经济研究,2004,(3):116~123.
[20]崔晓峰.银行产业组织理论与政策研究.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:60.
[21]陈晓春.市场结构变迁下我国商业银行市场行为研究,[硕士学位论文].安徽:安徽农业大学,2007.
[22] J·卡布尔.产业经济学前沿问题.北京:中国税务出版社,2000:2.
[23]资料来源:中国银行业监督管理委员会2007年度报告.
[24]刘勇,穆鸿声.我国银行业的市场结构与绩效研究.上海金融学院学报,2007,(1):9~16.
[25]范金,郑庆武,梅娟.应用产业经济学.北京:经济管理出版社,2004:300~301.
[26]叶欣,郭建伟.垄断到竞争:中国商业银行业市场结构变迁.金融研究,2001,(11):79~85.
[27]毛林根.结构、行为、绩效-中国工业产业组织研究.上海:上海人民出版社,1996:127.
[28]资料来源:交通银行-中国银行业发展报告.商务周刊,2008,(2):38~42.
[29]李石凯.美国银行产业集中趋势研究.南方金融,2006,(5):59~61.
[30]邓杨丰.我国银行业的产品差异化分析.改革与战略,2005,(8):98~101.
[31]陈斌.透视商业银行产品差异化竞争生存环境.中国外汇,2007,(4):35~36.
[32]管晓峰.金融法教程.北京:中央电大出版社,2000:122.
[33]邹伟进,刘峥.银行业全面开放对中国银行业的影响及对策.宏观经济研究,2007,(5):43~50.
[34]王芳.中国商业银行的产业竞争力分析,[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2006.
[35]陈伟光,朱思佳.中国银行卡产业的价格行为研究.文史博览,2007,(3):53~57.
[36]何自力,王海东.ATM网络服务价格竞争与银行卡市场结构.上海金融,2004,(5):47~50.
[37]林燕.银行并购的政府规制问题,[博士学位论文].上海:上海社会科学院,2008.
[38]陈逢春.江苏人自己的银行开业了.江苏商报,2007-1-25.
[39]胡洪力.中国商业银行经营绩效的国际比较研究.经济经纬,2005,(5):124~126.
[40]李伟,黄桂田.中国银行业改革的侧重点:产权结构还是市场结构.经济研究,2002,(8):3~11.
[41]李云龙.我国民营银行的现状及发展对策分析.中国集体经济,2007,(3):115~116.
[42]陈颖.我国外资银行市场准入要求的建议.中国外汇,2007,(2):57.
[43]黄桂田.我国金融改革的成果与存在的问题.理论视野,2007,(3):26~27.
[44]李孟刚.我国利率管制政策的缺陷与对策.中国国情国力,2007,(5):8~10.
[45]余佳祥,潘鹏飞.从范围经济角度浅析我国商业银行混业经营制度的选择.求实,2003,(6):146~147.
[46]姚慧丽,车久菊.我国网上银行发展的现状及存在的问题.商业文化,2008,(2):18.
[47]崔荫.网上银行的竞争与业务创新.开放潮,2006(6):33-35.
[48]杜莉,董莉华.商行中间业务的重新审视-基于金融生态理论的分析框架.金融经济,2006,(4):76-80.
[49]朱勇.浅论加入WTO以来中国金融业发展状况及应对策略.黑龙江对外经贸,2007,(9):43~45.
[50]资料来源:中国银行业对外开放报告.中国银行业监督管理委员会,2007年.
[2] Berger Allen N.Bank concentration and Competition:An Evolution in the Making.Journal of Money.Credit and Banking,1995,36(3):433~451.
[3]程刚.我国商业银行市场结构、经营管理行为与绩效实证研究,[硕士学位论文].上海:东华大学,2006.
[4] Smirlock M.Evidence on the relationship between concentration and profitability in banking.Journal of Money Credit and Banking,1985,(17):333.
[5] Molyneux.Market structure and performance in European Banking.Applied Economics,1995,(27):155~159.
[6] Koskela.E.,Stenback.Is There a Tradeoff between Bank Competition and Financial Fragility.Journal of Banking&Finance,2000,(24):1853~1873.
[7] Berger,AllenN.,G.A.Hanwerck,et al.Competitive Viability in Banking:Scale,Scope and Product Mix Econmies.Journal of Monetary Economics,1987,(20):501~520.
[8]于良春,鞠源.垄断与竞争:中国银行业的改革和发展.经济研究,1999,(8):48~57.
[9]王国红.论中国银行业的市场结构.经济评论,2002,(2):96~103.
[10]秦婉顺,欧阳俊.中国商业银行业市场结构、效率和绩效.经济科学,2001,(4):34~45.
[11]崔晓峰.银行业市场行为研究.南方金融,2004,(11):22~23.
[12]武捷思.中国国有银行行为研究.北京:中国金融出版社,1996:20~22.
[13]邹伟进,刘铮.中国银行业市场结构、效率和绩效实证研究.经济评论,2007,(3):84~89.
[14]齐树天.商业银行绩效、效率与市场结构-基于中国1994-2005年的面板数据.国际金融研究,2008,(3):48~56.
[15]陈敬学.我国银行业市场结构和市场绩效的实证研究.金融论坛,2004,(5):23~29.
[16]于良春,王会宗.商业银行市场结构与经济增长关系的实证分析.延安大学学报(社会科学版),2007,(12):52~55.
[17]资料来源:中国银行业监督管理委员会2006年度报告,附录.
[18]曹郡.双重结构下我国商业银行的产业组织研究,[硕士学位论文].广州:暨南大学,2006.
[19]牛晓帆.西方产业组织理论的演化与新发展.经济研究,2004,(3):116~123.
[20]崔晓峰.银行产业组织理论与政策研究.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:60.
[21]陈晓春.市场结构变迁下我国商业银行市场行为研究,[硕士学位论文].安徽:安徽农业大学,2007.
[22] J·卡布尔.产业经济学前沿问题.北京:中国税务出版社,2000:2.
[23]资料来源:中国银行业监督管理委员会2007年度报告.
[24]刘勇,穆鸿声.我国银行业的市场结构与绩效研究.上海金融学院学报,2007,(1):9~16.
[25]范金,郑庆武,梅娟.应用产业经济学.北京:经济管理出版社,2004:300~301.
[26]叶欣,郭建伟.垄断到竞争:中国商业银行业市场结构变迁.金融研究,2001,(11):79~85.
[27]毛林根.结构、行为、绩效-中国工业产业组织研究.上海:上海人民出版社,1996:127.
[28]资料来源:交通银行-中国银行业发展报告.商务周刊,2008,(2):38~42.
[29]李石凯.美国银行产业集中趋势研究.南方金融,2006,(5):59~61.
[30]邓杨丰.我国银行业的产品差异化分析.改革与战略,2005,(8):98~101.
[31]陈斌.透视商业银行产品差异化竞争生存环境.中国外汇,2007,(4):35~36.
[32]管晓峰.金融法教程.北京:中央电大出版社,2000:122.
[33]邹伟进,刘峥.银行业全面开放对中国银行业的影响及对策.宏观经济研究,2007,(5):43~50.
[34]王芳.中国商业银行的产业竞争力分析,[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2006.
[35]陈伟光,朱思佳.中国银行卡产业的价格行为研究.文史博览,2007,(3):53~57.
[36]何自力,王海东.ATM网络服务价格竞争与银行卡市场结构.上海金融,2004,(5):47~50.
[37]林燕.银行并购的政府规制问题,[博士学位论文].上海:上海社会科学院,2008.
[38]陈逢春.江苏人自己的银行开业了.江苏商报,2007-1-25.
[39]胡洪力.中国商业银行经营绩效的国际比较研究.经济经纬,2005,(5):124~126.
[40]李伟,黄桂田.中国银行业改革的侧重点:产权结构还是市场结构.经济研究,2002,(8):3~11.
[41]李云龙.我国民营银行的现状及发展对策分析.中国集体经济,2007,(3):115~116.
[42]陈颖.我国外资银行市场准入要求的建议.中国外汇,2007,(2):57.
[43]黄桂田.我国金融改革的成果与存在的问题.理论视野,2007,(3):26~27.
[44]李孟刚.我国利率管制政策的缺陷与对策.中国国情国力,2007,(5):8~10.
[45]余佳祥,潘鹏飞.从范围经济角度浅析我国商业银行混业经营制度的选择.求实,2003,(6):146~147.
[46]姚慧丽,车久菊.我国网上银行发展的现状及存在的问题.商业文化,2008,(2):18.
[47]崔荫.网上银行的竞争与业务创新.开放潮,2006(6):33-35.
[48]杜莉,董莉华.商行中间业务的重新审视-基于金融生态理论的分析框架.金融经济,2006,(4):76-80.
[49]朱勇.浅论加入WTO以来中国金融业发展状况及应对策略.黑龙江对外经贸,2007,(9):43~45.
[50]资料来源:中国银行业对外开放报告.中国银行业监督管理委员会,2007年.