基于DSP控制的SPWM变频电源的研究
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摘要
变频电源是一种将工频电通过一种功率转换装置(AC-DC-AC)按照实际需要转换成在一定范围内频率和电压可调的正弦交流电的电力电子装置。变频电源的难点是逆变控制系统,随着数字信号处理器的发展和运算速度的提高,控制系统中的一些难题逐步得到了解决。由数字信号处理芯片组成的逆变控制系统,无论是在集成度、抗干扰性、灵活性,还是在在线控制、精确度等方面都达到了前所未有的发展。
本课题基于TI公司的2000系列数字信号处理器,首先,深入研究逆变电源中的滤波电路、整流电路、功率因数校正电路、逆变电路。滤波设计采用有源滤波技术(APF),它主要是采用指令电流运算和电流跟踪控制环节在DSP调节下实现控制,采用注入的谐波电流和无功补偿用来抵消由非线性负载引起的谐波电流污染和无功损耗,注入的补偿电流的分量大小、方向与谐波电流的大小相等、方向相反,达到补偿,实现滤波效果。功率因数校正采用有源功率因数校正技术(APFC),用DSP控制实现电流跟踪电压波形,达到功率因数的校正效果。脉冲宽度调制技术是逆变控制系统设计的难点,本课题深入研究了几种SPWM的数字化生成方法(包括切线逼近采样法和割线逼近采样法)。并针对每种方法进行了比较得出最优化的方法。由于逆变设计中加了死区,课题还对调制中的死区效应进行分析,并进一步研究了死区补偿的几种常见方法。
然后,根据要求提出了硬件设计方案：主要包括以DSP为控制核心的采样保护电路、有源滤波电路、逆变开关保护和缓冲电路、基于液晶和矩阵键盘的人机交换平台等。软件部分主要给出了逆变系统的总体设计,包括A／D采样子程序、液晶显示、SPWM生成算法等。
最终,课题根据以上提出的设计方案,在Matlab和Simulink中对整个控制系统进行建模,得出仿真波形,并对仿真图进行分析,验证方案的可行性。为后续逆变电源的研究和设计建立一个坚实的基础。
Variable frequency power supply is a electronic devices that can bring AC power to another to some extent frequency and voltage adjustable sinusoidal AC power according with actual needs through a power converter (AC-DC-AC).This approach is what we used to say the indirect conversion. In the design, the inverter control system is the core and difficult of variable frequency power supply. With the development and improvement of operation speed of the digital signal processor, the some problems of the control system are gradually solved. Formed by the digital signal processing chip inverter control system, whether in the integration, immunity, flexibility, or in-line control, precision and other aspects reach the development unprecedented.
The subject based on TI's 2000 series digital signal processors, in-depth study of filter circuit, rectifier, power factor correction circuit and inverter circuit. In the filter design, where adopt active power filtering technology (APF), which mainly uses command current operation and current tracking control link to achieve control in the DSP adjust. In the power factor correction, uses active power factor correction technique (APFC), DSP-based control for current tracking voltage waveform. Pulse width modulation is difficulties and focus in the inverter control system. This task in-depth study of several digital SPWM generation methods (including the tangent approximation sampling method and the secant approximation sampling method). And for each method were compared, finding the most optimal way. As the inverter design added a dead zone, subject also explained the dead zone effect in the modulation of is and further study several common methods of compensation of the dead zone.
Then, proposed the hardware design according to the request. Mainly including sampling protection circuit, active filter circuit, inverter switching protection and buffer circuit, the Human-computer exchange platform based on LCD and matrix keyboard. Some of the main inverter is given software system design, including the A/D sampling subroutine, LCD, SPWM generation algorithm and so on.
Finally, the subject based on the proposed design scheme above, in the Matlab and Simulink, we model the whole control system, gives the simulation waveforms, analyzed the simulation graph, verify the feasibility. Build a solid foundation for the follow-up research and design of the inverter.
本课题基于TI公司的2000系列数字信号处理器,首先,深入研究逆变电源中的滤波电路、整流电路、功率因数校正电路、逆变电路。滤波设计采用有源滤波技术(APF),它主要是采用指令电流运算和电流跟踪控制环节在DSP调节下实现控制,采用注入的谐波电流和无功补偿用来抵消由非线性负载引起的谐波电流污染和无功损耗,注入的补偿电流的分量大小、方向与谐波电流的大小相等、方向相反,达到补偿,实现滤波效果。功率因数校正采用有源功率因数校正技术(APFC),用DSP控制实现电流跟踪电压波形,达到功率因数的校正效果。脉冲宽度调制技术是逆变控制系统设计的难点,本课题深入研究了几种SPWM的数字化生成方法(包括切线逼近采样法和割线逼近采样法)。并针对每种方法进行了比较得出最优化的方法。由于逆变设计中加了死区,课题还对调制中的死区效应进行分析,并进一步研究了死区补偿的几种常见方法。
然后,根据要求提出了硬件设计方案：主要包括以DSP为控制核心的采样保护电路、有源滤波电路、逆变开关保护和缓冲电路、基于液晶和矩阵键盘的人机交换平台等。软件部分主要给出了逆变系统的总体设计,包括A／D采样子程序、液晶显示、SPWM生成算法等。
最终,课题根据以上提出的设计方案,在Matlab和Simulink中对整个控制系统进行建模,得出仿真波形,并对仿真图进行分析,验证方案的可行性。为后续逆变电源的研究和设计建立一个坚实的基础。
Variable frequency power supply is a electronic devices that can bring AC power to another to some extent frequency and voltage adjustable sinusoidal AC power according with actual needs through a power converter (AC-DC-AC).This approach is what we used to say the indirect conversion. In the design, the inverter control system is the core and difficult of variable frequency power supply. With the development and improvement of operation speed of the digital signal processor, the some problems of the control system are gradually solved. Formed by the digital signal processing chip inverter control system, whether in the integration, immunity, flexibility, or in-line control, precision and other aspects reach the development unprecedented.
The subject based on TI's 2000 series digital signal processors, in-depth study of filter circuit, rectifier, power factor correction circuit and inverter circuit. In the filter design, where adopt active power filtering technology (APF), which mainly uses command current operation and current tracking control link to achieve control in the DSP adjust. In the power factor correction, uses active power factor correction technique (APFC), DSP-based control for current tracking voltage waveform. Pulse width modulation is difficulties and focus in the inverter control system. This task in-depth study of several digital SPWM generation methods (including the tangent approximation sampling method and the secant approximation sampling method). And for each method were compared, finding the most optimal way. As the inverter design added a dead zone, subject also explained the dead zone effect in the modulation of is and further study several common methods of compensation of the dead zone.
Then, proposed the hardware design according to the request. Mainly including sampling protection circuit, active filter circuit, inverter switching protection and buffer circuit, the Human-computer exchange platform based on LCD and matrix keyboard. Some of the main inverter is given software system design, including the A/D sampling subroutine, LCD, SPWM generation algorithm and so on.
Finally, the subject based on the proposed design scheme above, in the Matlab and Simulink, we model the whole control system, gives the simulation waveforms, analyzed the simulation graph, verify the feasibility. Build a solid foundation for the follow-up research and design of the inverter.
引文
[1]Hassan, Abdel-Salam, Mazen, El-Mohandes. On power quality of variable-speed constant-frequency aircraft electric power systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010.1: 60-65
[2]Yani Li, Yintang, Yang, Zhangming, Zhu Source. Low-power variable frequency PFC converters. Journal of Semiconductors,2010.3
[3]邵明东.变频电源与工频电源的最优同步切换.变频器世界[J].2010.1
[4]王军东,刘昌伟.基于DSP的三相SPWM变频电源的设计[J].设计与应用.2009.4
[5]沈利剑,乔之勇.变频电源中APFC装置的设计[J].通信电源技术.2009.9
[6]杨林,王宇炎.三相频率可调的逆变电源的设计[J].电气技术2007.9
[7]路秋生.功率因数校正技术及应用.北京：机械工业出版社.2007.2：1-2
[8]沙占友,文环明.DC/DC电源变换器的拓扑类型[J].电源技术应用.2006.9
[9]李鑫.变频电源校准方法的研究.学术交流[J].2009.5
[10]胡兴柳.基于DSP的SPWM变频电源数字控制[J].电源技术应用.2006.6
[11]马国荣,马骏.有源电力滤波器并联运行及其控制策略[J].低压电器.2010.4
[12]胡炎申,谢运样.通信用高频开关电源技术发展综述.[J].通信电源技术.2005.9
[13]强文,黄西平,王鑫.基于重复控制和无差拍控制的逆变电源数字控制技术研究[J].通信电源技术,第24卷第4期2007.7
[14]胡玉祥,田红芳.一种基于DSP的SPWM波形生成新方法[J].仪器仪表学报.2006.9
[15]Wei Xing Lin; Liu, P.X. Harmonic Analysis of SPWM Wave Generated PWM Output.Intelligent Control and Automation, WCICA 2006.8
[16]朱晓琴.基于TMS320F240X的UPS数字化控制设计[J].电力电子技术.2005.6：116～119
[17]穆新华,葛红娟.基于重复控制技术的单相航空静止变流器的研究[J].航空学报.第26卷第4期,2005.4
[18]王维俊,江渝,邓力.TMS320LF2407DSP C语言开发应用.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社[M].2003.1
[19]张珍敏,赵军红,吕永庆.基于SPWM和SVPWM的变频电源仿真分析[J].通信电源技术.Vol.26 No.4.2009.7
[20]何中一.SPWM逆变器控制技术研究.南京：南京航空航天大学.2005.9
[21]王先泉,张海呈.PWM型开关电源中的损耗与谐振型开关电源的进展,国外电子元器件(谐振电源专辑)[J].2005.10
[22]徐科军,张兴,肖本贤,吴婷.TMS320LF/LC24系列DSP的CPU与外设.北京：清华 大学出版社[M],2004.7
[23]王晓薇,程永华.基于DSP双环控制的逆变电源设计[J].电力电子技术.2004.6
[24]蔡宣三.FEPPCON研讨会与电力电子的未来展望[J].电力电子.2006.9
[25]TMS320F/C24xDSP Controllers Reference Guide, CPU and Instruction Set, Texas Instruments,2008.10
[26]何希才.稳压电源电路的设计与应用.北京：中国电力出版社[M].2006.8
[27]刘向宇.DSP嵌入式常用模块与综合系统设计.北京：电子工业出版社[M].2009.7：148～149
[28]章兴华,吴为麟.基于DSP数字化控制的高频PFC的仿真和实现[J]机电工程.2006.5
[29]山圣峰.由DSP芯片生成电压空间矢量脉宽调制波[J].微电机.2002.5：51-53.
[30]Texas Instruments Incorporated, Average Current Mode Controlled Power Factor Correction Converter using TMS320LF2407A,2005
[31]TMS320LF/LC240xA DSP Controllers Reference Guide:System and Peripherals. SPRU357A, Texas Instruments,2005.7
[32]邓宏贵,罗安,曹建.具有整功率因数的PWM变流器控制[J]电气应用.2005.1
[33]钱振宇.开关电源的电磁兼容性设计与测试.北京：电子工业出版社.2005.7
[34]包金英,梁晖.高频高压软开关DC/AC电源的仿真研究[J].世界电子元器件.2005.8
[35]邢岩,蔡宣三.高频功率开关变换技术.北京：机械工业出版社,2005.9
[36]何苏勤,王忠勇.TMS320C2000系列DSP原理及实用技术,北京：电子工业出版社,2003.7
[37]郑孟,杨毅,马皓.基于TMS320F2812的变频调压功率信号源设计[J].电源技术应用,2006.9：5～9.
[38]罗佳明,戴庆元.开关电源PFC控制芯片电路和应用分析[J].电源技术应用。2007.4
[39]丁道宏.国内外开关电源的发展展望,《中兴通讯技术》第72期
[40]Texas Instruments Incorporated, Motor Speed Measurement Considerations When Using TMS320C24x DSPs,2001.2
[41]Ming hua Fu, Qing Chen, A DSP Based Controller for Power Factor Correction(PFC)in a Rectifier Circuit, Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2001,1
[42]Akira Nabae, Isao Takahashi, Hirofumi Akagi. A new neutral Point clamped PWM inverter [J].IEEE Trans. on industry Applications,2002.4
[43]Yo-Han Lee, Bum-Seok Suh, Dong-Seek Hyun. A novel PWM Scheme for a three level voltage source inverter with GTO thyristors [J]. IEEE Trans.on industry Applications, March2005
[44]Xuan San Cai and Yang Ying, A New Algorithm for the Discrete Time-Domain Simulation of Switching Regulators IEEE Workshop on Computers in power Electronics, Record (Quebee, Canada),2004.7
[45]Muhammad H. Rashid. Power Electronics. Second Edition. New Jersey:Prentice Hall,2003
[46]Ashoka K S Bhat, Analysis and design of a series Parallel resonant converter with capacitive output filter, IEEE Trans. on Ind. APPI,2001.9
[47]Valentine, R.J. IGBT high frequency operation. Industry Applications Conference,1996. Thirty-First IAS Annual Meeting, IAS'96, Conference Record of the 1996 IEEE.
[48]Wei Xing Lin; Liu, P.X. Harmonic Analysis of SPWM Wave Generated PWM Output.. Intelligent Control and Automation, WCICA 2006.
[2]Yani Li, Yintang, Yang, Zhangming, Zhu Source. Low-power variable frequency PFC converters. Journal of Semiconductors,2010.3
[3]邵明东.变频电源与工频电源的最优同步切换.变频器世界[J].2010.1
[4]王军东,刘昌伟.基于DSP的三相SPWM变频电源的设计[J].设计与应用.2009.4
[5]沈利剑,乔之勇.变频电源中APFC装置的设计[J].通信电源技术.2009.9
[6]杨林,王宇炎.三相频率可调的逆变电源的设计[J].电气技术2007.9
[7]路秋生.功率因数校正技术及应用.北京：机械工业出版社.2007.2：1-2
[8]沙占友,文环明.DC/DC电源变换器的拓扑类型[J].电源技术应用.2006.9
[9]李鑫.变频电源校准方法的研究.学术交流[J].2009.5
[10]胡兴柳.基于DSP的SPWM变频电源数字控制[J].电源技术应用.2006.6
[11]马国荣,马骏.有源电力滤波器并联运行及其控制策略[J].低压电器.2010.4
[12]胡炎申,谢运样.通信用高频开关电源技术发展综述.[J].通信电源技术.2005.9
[13]强文,黄西平,王鑫.基于重复控制和无差拍控制的逆变电源数字控制技术研究[J].通信电源技术,第24卷第4期2007.7
[14]胡玉祥,田红芳.一种基于DSP的SPWM波形生成新方法[J].仪器仪表学报.2006.9
[15]Wei Xing Lin; Liu, P.X. Harmonic Analysis of SPWM Wave Generated PWM Output.Intelligent Control and Automation, WCICA 2006.8
[16]朱晓琴.基于TMS320F240X的UPS数字化控制设计[J].电力电子技术.2005.6：116～119
[17]穆新华,葛红娟.基于重复控制技术的单相航空静止变流器的研究[J].航空学报.第26卷第4期,2005.4
[18]王维俊,江渝,邓力.TMS320LF2407DSP C语言开发应用.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社[M].2003.1
[19]张珍敏,赵军红,吕永庆.基于SPWM和SVPWM的变频电源仿真分析[J].通信电源技术.Vol.26 No.4.2009.7
[20]何中一.SPWM逆变器控制技术研究.南京：南京航空航天大学.2005.9
[21]王先泉,张海呈.PWM型开关电源中的损耗与谐振型开关电源的进展,国外电子元器件(谐振电源专辑)[J].2005.10
[22]徐科军,张兴,肖本贤,吴婷.TMS320LF/LC24系列DSP的CPU与外设.北京：清华 大学出版社[M],2004.7
[23]王晓薇,程永华.基于DSP双环控制的逆变电源设计[J].电力电子技术.2004.6
[24]蔡宣三.FEPPCON研讨会与电力电子的未来展望[J].电力电子.2006.9
[25]TMS320F/C24xDSP Controllers Reference Guide, CPU and Instruction Set, Texas Instruments,2008.10
[26]何希才.稳压电源电路的设计与应用.北京：中国电力出版社[M].2006.8
[27]刘向宇.DSP嵌入式常用模块与综合系统设计.北京：电子工业出版社[M].2009.7：148～149
[28]章兴华,吴为麟.基于DSP数字化控制的高频PFC的仿真和实现[J]机电工程.2006.5
[29]山圣峰.由DSP芯片生成电压空间矢量脉宽调制波[J].微电机.2002.5：51-53.
[30]Texas Instruments Incorporated, Average Current Mode Controlled Power Factor Correction Converter using TMS320LF2407A,2005
[31]TMS320LF/LC240xA DSP Controllers Reference Guide:System and Peripherals. SPRU357A, Texas Instruments,2005.7
[32]邓宏贵,罗安,曹建.具有整功率因数的PWM变流器控制[J]电气应用.2005.1
[33]钱振宇.开关电源的电磁兼容性设计与测试.北京：电子工业出版社.2005.7
[34]包金英,梁晖.高频高压软开关DC/AC电源的仿真研究[J].世界电子元器件.2005.8
[35]邢岩,蔡宣三.高频功率开关变换技术.北京：机械工业出版社,2005.9
[36]何苏勤,王忠勇.TMS320C2000系列DSP原理及实用技术,北京：电子工业出版社,2003.7
[37]郑孟,杨毅,马皓.基于TMS320F2812的变频调压功率信号源设计[J].电源技术应用,2006.9：5～9.
[38]罗佳明,戴庆元.开关电源PFC控制芯片电路和应用分析[J].电源技术应用。2007.4
[39]丁道宏.国内外开关电源的发展展望,《中兴通讯技术》第72期
[40]Texas Instruments Incorporated, Motor Speed Measurement Considerations When Using TMS320C24x DSPs,2001.2
[41]Ming hua Fu, Qing Chen, A DSP Based Controller for Power Factor Correction(PFC)in a Rectifier Circuit, Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2001,1
[42]Akira Nabae, Isao Takahashi, Hirofumi Akagi. A new neutral Point clamped PWM inverter [J].IEEE Trans. on industry Applications,2002.4
[43]Yo-Han Lee, Bum-Seok Suh, Dong-Seek Hyun. A novel PWM Scheme for a three level voltage source inverter with GTO thyristors [J]. IEEE Trans.on industry Applications, March2005
[44]Xuan San Cai and Yang Ying, A New Algorithm for the Discrete Time-Domain Simulation of Switching Regulators IEEE Workshop on Computers in power Electronics, Record (Quebee, Canada),2004.7
[45]Muhammad H. Rashid. Power Electronics. Second Edition. New Jersey:Prentice Hall,2003
[46]Ashoka K S Bhat, Analysis and design of a series Parallel resonant converter with capacitive output filter, IEEE Trans. on Ind. APPI,2001.9
[47]Valentine, R.J. IGBT high frequency operation. Industry Applications Conference,1996. Thirty-First IAS Annual Meeting, IAS'96, Conference Record of the 1996 IEEE.
[48]Wei Xing Lin; Liu, P.X. Harmonic Analysis of SPWM Wave Generated PWM Output.. Intelligent Control and Automation, WCICA 2006.