基于模拟实验的轮轨弯道噪声及磨损机理与润滑控制技术研究
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摘要
随着高速铁路和城市轨道交通的发展,我国迎来了铁路行业发展的新纪元。但与此同时,出现了运行质量下降、线路恶化、噪声增加等问题。特别是铁路弯道的尖啸噪声问题对乘客和周围居民造成严重的影响,与此同时铁路弯道磨损问题也变得越来越严重,直接影响到铁路运输成本甚至危及到列车行车安全。因此对铁路弯道尖啸噪声及磨损控制的研究具有重要的经济意义和指导作用。
在弯道钢轨上涂抹润滑剂是近几十年来比较流行的减磨降噪措施,但现行使用的普通轮轨润滑剂的降噪效果并不明显。这类润滑剂虽然对钢轨的减磨起到了一定的作用,但涂油后轮轨间的摩擦系数下降,从而导致了列车牵引力的不足,给行车安全带来了威胁。本文基于高中庸教授提出的“摩擦伴生阻尼”和“微凸体油膜弹性支承效应”理论进行润滑剂的配制,摆脱了传统“负阻尼”理论的束缚,拓展了轮轨润滑剂配制的新思路。
本文通过摩擦摆试验、模拟轮轨降噪试验及磨损试验,结合频谱及模态分析评价了自行配制的轮轨润滑剂在控制轮轨尖啸噪声及磨损的能力并分析了其减磨降噪机理;测定了轮轨润滑剂动静摩擦系数及其差值、粘度及表面张力,分析了这些物理特性对轮轨润滑剂减磨降噪能力的影响。得出以下主要结论:
1.配制轮轨润滑剂时强调轮轨间较小的静—动摩擦系数差值和适宜的轮轨摩擦系数,而不必考虑的摩擦系数—相对滑动速度上升特性。试验中得出的润滑剂表现出较好地控制摩擦自激振动的能力进而有效地控制轮轨尖啸噪声。
2.轮轨间的粘度及表面张力,影响着润滑剂的浸润性和吸附性,浸润性及吸附性越好“微凸体油膜弹性支承效应”就越明显,润滑剂降噪减磨的能力就越强。
3.自行配制的润滑剂具有较好的“微凸体油膜弹性支承效应”,有助于提高轮轨抗磨能力,减少弯道轮轨的磨损。
With the development of High-speed railway and urban rail transit , our country will come to a new times in railway field. But at the same time we have to face some problems such as operation quality degradation,track quality deterioration and noise increase and so on. Especially the squeal in railway curve has the bad effect on passengers and residents , at the same time the railway wear become so serious that directly effect on the cost of rail transport and endanger the perform-safe of the train. So the research of curve scream noise and lubrication control has important economic viability and guiding function in this society.
Lubricanting on the curve of rail is a popular measure to cut rail wear and reduce noise during the recent several ten years, but the result which is made by the ordinary rail lubricant is not obviously. Although it is useful for the noise-reducing of rail, friction coefficient between railwheels is decrease after lubricanting which lead the traction is not enough and threat the safety of train traffic. In this paper we prepare lubricant based the theories of ' friction damping associated' and 'elastic supporting effect of oil film micro-bulge' which is raised by Gao Zhongyong Professor, and it is get rid of the traditional Negative Damp theroy , which expand the preparation of the wheel -rail lubricant.
Through the friction pendulum test, simulation wheel-rail noise reduction test and wear test in addition to spectrum and modal analysis ,this paper evaluate the ability which control the wheel-rail squeal and wear by self-preparation of wheel-rail lubricants and analysis the mechanism of the lubricant ability noise reducing and antiwear ; Through testing the coefficient of dynamic friction and static friction of wheel-rail lubricants and their’s differentials in addition to viscosity and surface tension, we analysis this physical property to influence wheel-rail lubricants' noise reducing and antiwear ability. We have reached the following conclusions:
When configuration wheel-rail lubricants, we should emphasis on the little differentials between coefficient of dynamic friction and static friction which never consider the lubricants rising characteristic of relation between friction force and relative sliding speed . It can behave good ability of control friction self-excited vibration, moreover it can control the wheel-rail squeal effectively.
Viscosity and surface tension between wheel-rails effects the lubricants’infiltrating and adsorptivity, the better infiltrating and adsorptivity lubricants has ,the more obviously elastic supporting effect of oil film on micro-bulge is , and the lubrican ability of noise reducing and antiwear is more better.
The self-prepare lubricants have good elastic supporting effect of oil film on micro-bulge, it is useful for improving wheel-rail’s wear hardness and reducing the curve wheel-rail’s wear.
在弯道钢轨上涂抹润滑剂是近几十年来比较流行的减磨降噪措施,但现行使用的普通轮轨润滑剂的降噪效果并不明显。这类润滑剂虽然对钢轨的减磨起到了一定的作用,但涂油后轮轨间的摩擦系数下降,从而导致了列车牵引力的不足,给行车安全带来了威胁。本文基于高中庸教授提出的“摩擦伴生阻尼”和“微凸体油膜弹性支承效应”理论进行润滑剂的配制,摆脱了传统“负阻尼”理论的束缚,拓展了轮轨润滑剂配制的新思路。
本文通过摩擦摆试验、模拟轮轨降噪试验及磨损试验,结合频谱及模态分析评价了自行配制的轮轨润滑剂在控制轮轨尖啸噪声及磨损的能力并分析了其减磨降噪机理;测定了轮轨润滑剂动静摩擦系数及其差值、粘度及表面张力,分析了这些物理特性对轮轨润滑剂减磨降噪能力的影响。得出以下主要结论:
1.配制轮轨润滑剂时强调轮轨间较小的静—动摩擦系数差值和适宜的轮轨摩擦系数,而不必考虑的摩擦系数—相对滑动速度上升特性。试验中得出的润滑剂表现出较好地控制摩擦自激振动的能力进而有效地控制轮轨尖啸噪声。
2.轮轨间的粘度及表面张力,影响着润滑剂的浸润性和吸附性,浸润性及吸附性越好“微凸体油膜弹性支承效应”就越明显,润滑剂降噪减磨的能力就越强。
3.自行配制的润滑剂具有较好的“微凸体油膜弹性支承效应”,有助于提高轮轨抗磨能力,减少弯道轮轨的磨损。
With the development of High-speed railway and urban rail transit , our country will come to a new times in railway field. But at the same time we have to face some problems such as operation quality degradation,track quality deterioration and noise increase and so on. Especially the squeal in railway curve has the bad effect on passengers and residents , at the same time the railway wear become so serious that directly effect on the cost of rail transport and endanger the perform-safe of the train. So the research of curve scream noise and lubrication control has important economic viability and guiding function in this society.
Lubricanting on the curve of rail is a popular measure to cut rail wear and reduce noise during the recent several ten years, but the result which is made by the ordinary rail lubricant is not obviously. Although it is useful for the noise-reducing of rail, friction coefficient between railwheels is decrease after lubricanting which lead the traction is not enough and threat the safety of train traffic. In this paper we prepare lubricant based the theories of ' friction damping associated' and 'elastic supporting effect of oil film micro-bulge' which is raised by Gao Zhongyong Professor, and it is get rid of the traditional Negative Damp theroy , which expand the preparation of the wheel -rail lubricant.
Through the friction pendulum test, simulation wheel-rail noise reduction test and wear test in addition to spectrum and modal analysis ,this paper evaluate the ability which control the wheel-rail squeal and wear by self-preparation of wheel-rail lubricants and analysis the mechanism of the lubricant ability noise reducing and antiwear ; Through testing the coefficient of dynamic friction and static friction of wheel-rail lubricants and their’s differentials in addition to viscosity and surface tension, we analysis this physical property to influence wheel-rail lubricants' noise reducing and antiwear ability. We have reached the following conclusions:
When configuration wheel-rail lubricants, we should emphasis on the little differentials between coefficient of dynamic friction and static friction which never consider the lubricants rising characteristic of relation between friction force and relative sliding speed . It can behave good ability of control friction self-excited vibration, moreover it can control the wheel-rail squeal effectively.
Viscosity and surface tension between wheel-rails effects the lubricants’infiltrating and adsorptivity, the better infiltrating and adsorptivity lubricants has ,the more obviously elastic supporting effect of oil film on micro-bulge is , and the lubrican ability of noise reducing and antiwear is more better.
The self-prepare lubricants have good elastic supporting effect of oil film on micro-bulge, it is useful for improving wheel-rail’s wear hardness and reducing the curve wheel-rail’s wear.
引文
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[13] J.F.Brunel , P.Dufrenoy, M.Nait, J.L.Munoz, F.Demilly. Transient models for curve squeal noise [J]. Journal of sound and vibration ,2006(293):758~765.
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