地黄试管块根诱导及茎尖玻璃化法超低温保存
|
摘要
地黄(Rehmannia glutinosa L.)为玄参科多年生药用草本植物，其新鲜块根或块根的加工品作为鲜地黄、生地黄和熟地黄入药，是我国著名的“四大怀药”之一。由于在生产中长期采用块根营养繁殖，地黄易受多种病害的侵袭，其中以病毒侵害最为严重，通常田间感染率达100％，致使地黄品种退化，直接影响药农的经济效益，利用茎尖脱毒培养技术是解决地黄病毒病的最根本途径。然而脱毒苗繁殖系数小、成活率低、育苗周期长，运输极不便利，从而大大限制了其在农业生产上的推广。近年来，人们先后在试管中诱导出了半夏、马铃薯、芋等，试图尝试来替代试管脱毒苗，其中试管马铃薯的培养技术日趋成熟，完全可以替代试管苗作为种用材料，但试管地黄的研究国内外尚未见报道。另外，地黄属异花授粉植物，种子不能用来保种，生产上采用块根来留种，但同样易受气候、栽培条件及病虫害的影响，造成种质退化，甚至丢失。玻璃化冻存法是近年来发展起来的一种植物资源超低温保存方法，但地黄的低温保存研究尚未见报道。因此，本研究选用地黄“85-5”为试验材料，开展了试管地黄的诱导及茎尖玻璃化法超低温保存的初步研究。所取得的主要研究结果如下：
1．试管地黄的形成包括不定根的形成及块根膨大两个主要时期。块根的形成前提必须首先有不定根的发生，低浓度的6-BA和NAA配合使用可诱导植株产生不定根，以MS+6-BA2mg／L+NAA0.1mg／L效果较好。试验发现，在上述基本培养基中添加蔗糖能促进不定根膨大形成块根，和3％蔗糖浓度相比，在含5％和8％蔗糖的高糖培养基中，幼苗叶片深绿平展，苗不伸长，处于生长抑制状态，植株上形成白色短粗的不定根均可膨大形成试管地黄，且发育良好，说明高浓度的蔗糖对不定根膨大形成试管地黄起着至关重要的作用，本试验以5％为宜。在试管地黄的诱导过程中，不宜添加GA_3和活性炭。试管地黄诱导的最适培养条件为培养温度25℃，光照强度2000—3000lx，光照时间12h／d。
2．试管地黄的形态建成与内源生长物质的变化有关。IAA在不定根膨大初期含量呈现下降趋势，20d时开始缓慢上升。GA_3在转苗初期呈现较平稳的趋势，在25-30d时GA_3的含量迅速增长，而后则呈下降趋势，但依然处于较高水平。ABA的含量在10—20d块根膨大时呈缓慢上升趋势，20d—30d块根迅速膨大期迅速增长，30d以后含量较为平稳，较高的内源ABA含量有利于地黄块根的膨大。JA在不定根膨大初期处于较低水平，以后则一直呈缓慢的上升趋势，在试管地黄迅速膨大时期，JA在根中的含量最高，JA在地黄离体块根的形成过程中有可能起着极为重要的作用。
3．以无菌苗叶片为外植体，地黄在组织培养条件下的形态建成受内源生长物质的调控。试验观察到，在MS+6-BA2.0mg／L培养基中可直接诱导小植株的再生，这一过程中，培养初期内源IAA的含量略下降，7d后急剧增长，当不定芽形成后，
I从的含量则呈现下降趋势;GA3的含量在培养1一14d呈增高趋势，14d后则急剧下
降;JA的含量整体变化幅度不明显。在MS+6一BA 1.omg/L+ NAAo.smg/L培养基
中可诱导形成试管地黄，此间IAA含量的变化与诱导植株再生的情况相反，呈快速
上升趋势;G凡的含量先明显下降，而14d后上升至刚离体的水平;JA的含量在
培养初期l一7d期间急速下降，当不定根形成时，又恢复到原先水平，14d后在不定
根膨大形成试管地黄的过程中其含量迅速增长，21d时JA含量是叶片刚离体时的近
5倍。两种培养基中叶片在l一14d培养期间，ABA的含量均下降，14d后再上升，
但是叶片在诱导植株直接再生的过程中，ABA上升和下降的幅度明显大于叶片诱导
形成试管块根时。试验结果说明，内源IAA和G凡对植株的再生起关键作用，而JA
和ABA参与了不定根的诱导及其进一步膨大形成试管块根，并且有可能起着极为重
要的作用。
4.试管地黄在形态解剖方面与自然条件下生长的地黄具有一致性，两者的成熟
结构基本上相同。在横切面上，二者都分为周皮和维管组织两部分，周皮的构成(木
栓层、栓内层、木栓形成层)基本一致，维管柱中各种组织细胞在结构或数量上均
相似。因此，试管地黄在诱导过程中其结构上未发生明显变化。。
5.建立了地黄茎尖超低温保存的技术体系。切取10mlll长的地黄脱毒苗茎尖接种
于含0.2一0.6mol/L蔗糖的MS培养基上，并添加l%一5%乙酞胺、5%DMSO;在黑暗、
10℃条件下预培养l一5d后，切取0.5一3.snun长的茎尖，用60%P VS:在25℃下装
载25min，然后用100护VSZ于0℃脱水处理10一50min，换入新鲜的PVSZ，迅速投
入液氮(LN)中，24h后取出于40℃水浴中化冻，立即用1.Zmol/L蔗糖的液体培养
基洗涤2次，每次10min，然后用氯化三苯基四氮哇(TTC)法检测成活率，或接种
于MS+6一A o.3m目1+N AA 0.02m乡飞+3%蔗糖的固体培养基上，于25℃暗培养一周
转至光下培养。结果表明，地黄茎尖超低温冻存后用TTC法检测茎尖最高成活率达
75%以上，植株再生率达50%，再生后的苗与对照没有形态上的变异。
Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch is perennial herbaceous medicine plant of scrophulariaceae family and known as one of four famous Huai Chinese traditional medicine. Its fresh tuberous root named fresh R. glutinosa and finished products named crude R. glutinosa or prepared R. glutinosa were used as medicine. R. glutinosa is easy to suffered by many diseases especially viruses that usually infect plants by 100% and lead to serious variety degeneration and decrease economic benefit of the farmers. Shoot-tip culture in vitro is the most efficient approach to produce virus-free plants. However, low propagation rate, long procedure, low survival ratio and difficulties in plantlets handling prevent this strategy from its popularization. In recent years, the microtubers ofPinellia ternate and potato, corm of dasheen have been induced in vitro aiming at to substitute virus-free plantlets. Especially virus-free potato micro tubers has proved a possible alternative in seed potato production. Up to now, there is no reports
on tuberous root of R. glutinosa in vitro. In addition, it is unsuitable to conserve R. glutininosa with true seeds because it belongs to cross-pollilated plants. Vegetable propagation by tuberous roots is, therefore, commonly used for the germplasm conservation and commercial production. However, conservation through tuberous roots can be easily influenced by climate, cultivation conditions, insect pests and diseases, which leads to degenerationand even loss of the germplasm. Cryopreservation by vitrification is a hopeful method for conservation of plant gemplasm developed in recent years, but little attention has been payed on R. glutininosa. In the present research, the induction and formation of the tuberous root of R. glutinosa in vitro and cryopreservation of shoot tips were conducted with variety "85-5". The main results gained as following:
1. Formation of tuberous root of R. glutinosa in vitro included two main phases: adventitious root initiation and tuberous root swelling. The formation of tuberous root occuredafter the adventitious root initiated that favoured by addition of low concentration of 6-BA and NAA and the best medium combination was MS + 2mg/L6-BA + 0.lmg/L NAA. With this medium, it was found that sucrose has functions of enhancing swelling of the adventitious roots to form root tubers. Comparing with 3% sucrose, When grew on the medium added with5% and 8% sucrose, the leaves of plantlets showed deep green and flat, shoot growth was partially suppressed, and short and white adventitious roots formed that became tuberous roots later. The results revealed that high concentration of sucrose played important role in adventitious roots initiation and tuberous root formation, and 5% sucrose was the best in the present research. The results also showed that 12 h daylength,
2000-3000 Ix light intensity and 25 癈 were favourable for tuberous root induction while GA3 and active carbon were not necessary substances of the medium.
2. The endogenous growth regulators related to morphogenesis of tuberous roots in vitro. Hereafter endogenous growth regulators were isolated and purified from roots of different growth periods, the results indicated that the contents of GA3, IAA, ABA and JA fluctuated during tuberous root development of R. glutinosa. The levels of IAA decreased in first 20 days followed by a slow increase. GA3 was stable in early growth stage but rose quickly from 25 to 30 days, then declined gradually but still maintain a relative high level. The level of ABA increased slightly in the first 10 to 20 days and then went up rapidly in the bulking phase of tuberous roots between 20 to 30 days and henceforth trend to stability. This demonstrated that high level of ABA was helpful to tuberous root swelling of R, glutinosa. The results also showed that JA might play a very important role in tuberous root formation since its level was low in the initial stages but increased to the highest level during tuberous root bulking.
3. Taking the leaves of R. glutininosa plantlets as explants, en
1．试管地黄的形成包括不定根的形成及块根膨大两个主要时期。块根的形成前提必须首先有不定根的发生，低浓度的6-BA和NAA配合使用可诱导植株产生不定根，以MS+6-BA2mg／L+NAA0.1mg／L效果较好。试验发现，在上述基本培养基中添加蔗糖能促进不定根膨大形成块根，和3％蔗糖浓度相比，在含5％和8％蔗糖的高糖培养基中，幼苗叶片深绿平展，苗不伸长，处于生长抑制状态，植株上形成白色短粗的不定根均可膨大形成试管地黄，且发育良好，说明高浓度的蔗糖对不定根膨大形成试管地黄起着至关重要的作用，本试验以5％为宜。在试管地黄的诱导过程中，不宜添加GA_3和活性炭。试管地黄诱导的最适培养条件为培养温度25℃，光照强度2000—3000lx，光照时间12h／d。
2．试管地黄的形态建成与内源生长物质的变化有关。IAA在不定根膨大初期含量呈现下降趋势，20d时开始缓慢上升。GA_3在转苗初期呈现较平稳的趋势，在25-30d时GA_3的含量迅速增长，而后则呈下降趋势，但依然处于较高水平。ABA的含量在10—20d块根膨大时呈缓慢上升趋势，20d—30d块根迅速膨大期迅速增长，30d以后含量较为平稳，较高的内源ABA含量有利于地黄块根的膨大。JA在不定根膨大初期处于较低水平，以后则一直呈缓慢的上升趋势，在试管地黄迅速膨大时期，JA在根中的含量最高，JA在地黄离体块根的形成过程中有可能起着极为重要的作用。
3．以无菌苗叶片为外植体，地黄在组织培养条件下的形态建成受内源生长物质的调控。试验观察到，在MS+6-BA2.0mg／L培养基中可直接诱导小植株的再生，这一过程中，培养初期内源IAA的含量略下降，7d后急剧增长，当不定芽形成后，
I从的含量则呈现下降趋势;GA3的含量在培养1一14d呈增高趋势，14d后则急剧下
降;JA的含量整体变化幅度不明显。在MS+6一BA 1.omg/L+ NAAo.smg/L培养基
中可诱导形成试管地黄，此间IAA含量的变化与诱导植株再生的情况相反，呈快速
上升趋势;G凡的含量先明显下降，而14d后上升至刚离体的水平;JA的含量在
培养初期l一7d期间急速下降，当不定根形成时，又恢复到原先水平，14d后在不定
根膨大形成试管地黄的过程中其含量迅速增长，21d时JA含量是叶片刚离体时的近
5倍。两种培养基中叶片在l一14d培养期间，ABA的含量均下降，14d后再上升，
但是叶片在诱导植株直接再生的过程中，ABA上升和下降的幅度明显大于叶片诱导
形成试管块根时。试验结果说明，内源IAA和G凡对植株的再生起关键作用，而JA
和ABA参与了不定根的诱导及其进一步膨大形成试管块根，并且有可能起着极为重
要的作用。
4.试管地黄在形态解剖方面与自然条件下生长的地黄具有一致性，两者的成熟
结构基本上相同。在横切面上，二者都分为周皮和维管组织两部分，周皮的构成(木
栓层、栓内层、木栓形成层)基本一致，维管柱中各种组织细胞在结构或数量上均
相似。因此，试管地黄在诱导过程中其结构上未发生明显变化。。
5.建立了地黄茎尖超低温保存的技术体系。切取10mlll长的地黄脱毒苗茎尖接种
于含0.2一0.6mol/L蔗糖的MS培养基上，并添加l%一5%乙酞胺、5%DMSO;在黑暗、
10℃条件下预培养l一5d后，切取0.5一3.snun长的茎尖，用60%P VS:在25℃下装
载25min，然后用100护VSZ于0℃脱水处理10一50min，换入新鲜的PVSZ，迅速投
入液氮(LN)中，24h后取出于40℃水浴中化冻，立即用1.Zmol/L蔗糖的液体培养
基洗涤2次，每次10min，然后用氯化三苯基四氮哇(TTC)法检测成活率，或接种
于MS+6一A o.3m目1+N AA 0.02m乡飞+3%蔗糖的固体培养基上，于25℃暗培养一周
转至光下培养。结果表明，地黄茎尖超低温冻存后用TTC法检测茎尖最高成活率达
75%以上，植株再生率达50%，再生后的苗与对照没有形态上的变异。
Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch is perennial herbaceous medicine plant of scrophulariaceae family and known as one of four famous Huai Chinese traditional medicine. Its fresh tuberous root named fresh R. glutinosa and finished products named crude R. glutinosa or prepared R. glutinosa were used as medicine. R. glutinosa is easy to suffered by many diseases especially viruses that usually infect plants by 100% and lead to serious variety degeneration and decrease economic benefit of the farmers. Shoot-tip culture in vitro is the most efficient approach to produce virus-free plants. However, low propagation rate, long procedure, low survival ratio and difficulties in plantlets handling prevent this strategy from its popularization. In recent years, the microtubers ofPinellia ternate and potato, corm of dasheen have been induced in vitro aiming at to substitute virus-free plantlets. Especially virus-free potato micro tubers has proved a possible alternative in seed potato production. Up to now, there is no reports
on tuberous root of R. glutinosa in vitro. In addition, it is unsuitable to conserve R. glutininosa with true seeds because it belongs to cross-pollilated plants. Vegetable propagation by tuberous roots is, therefore, commonly used for the germplasm conservation and commercial production. However, conservation through tuberous roots can be easily influenced by climate, cultivation conditions, insect pests and diseases, which leads to degenerationand even loss of the germplasm. Cryopreservation by vitrification is a hopeful method for conservation of plant gemplasm developed in recent years, but little attention has been payed on R. glutininosa. In the present research, the induction and formation of the tuberous root of R. glutinosa in vitro and cryopreservation of shoot tips were conducted with variety "85-5". The main results gained as following:
1. Formation of tuberous root of R. glutinosa in vitro included two main phases: adventitious root initiation and tuberous root swelling. The formation of tuberous root occuredafter the adventitious root initiated that favoured by addition of low concentration of 6-BA and NAA and the best medium combination was MS + 2mg/L6-BA + 0.lmg/L NAA. With this medium, it was found that sucrose has functions of enhancing swelling of the adventitious roots to form root tubers. Comparing with 3% sucrose, When grew on the medium added with5% and 8% sucrose, the leaves of plantlets showed deep green and flat, shoot growth was partially suppressed, and short and white adventitious roots formed that became tuberous roots later. The results revealed that high concentration of sucrose played important role in adventitious roots initiation and tuberous root formation, and 5% sucrose was the best in the present research. The results also showed that 12 h daylength,
2000-3000 Ix light intensity and 25 癈 were favourable for tuberous root induction while GA3 and active carbon were not necessary substances of the medium.
2. The endogenous growth regulators related to morphogenesis of tuberous roots in vitro. Hereafter endogenous growth regulators were isolated and purified from roots of different growth periods, the results indicated that the contents of GA3, IAA, ABA and JA fluctuated during tuberous root development of R. glutinosa. The levels of IAA decreased in first 20 days followed by a slow increase. GA3 was stable in early growth stage but rose quickly from 25 to 30 days, then declined gradually but still maintain a relative high level. The level of ABA increased slightly in the first 10 to 20 days and then went up rapidly in the bulking phase of tuberous roots between 20 to 30 days and henceforth trend to stability. This demonstrated that high level of ABA was helpful to tuberous root swelling of R, glutinosa. The results also showed that JA might play a very important role in tuberous root formation since its level was low in the initial stages but increased to the highest level during tuberous root bulking.
3. Taking the leaves of R. glutininosa plantlets as explants, en
引文
1．刁现民，段胜军，陈振玲，智慧，赵连元，孙敬三．谷子体细胞无性系变异分析．中国农业科学，1999，32(3)：21-26
2．丁静，沈镇德，方亦雄，冯秀香，李琳，倪晋山．植物内源激素的提取分离和生物鉴定．植物生理学通讯，1979，15(2)：27-35
3．丁自勉．地黄．北京：中国中医药出版社，2001，1-15
4．万美亮，陈宏康，詹亚化，周吉源．半夏组织培养与快速繁殖研究．中国中药杂志，1995，20(9)：52-55
5．万兵．药用植物种质资源的保护．中草药，1987，18(1)：38-41
6．于百功，尹丽芳，毛学华，李统育．地黄提芽栽培技术．中药材，1999，22(2)：55-56
7．于漱琦，田永清．我国月见草育种、发育和栽培研究进展．中草药，2000，31(1)：70-72
8．于世忠．地黄退化的调查和试验初报．中药材科技，1982，2：9-10
9．于震，周红艳，王军．地黄药理作用研究进展．中医研究，2001，14(1)：43-45
10．马小军，肖培根．种质资源遗传多样性在药用植物开发中的重要意义．中国中药杂志，1998，23(10)：579-582
11．马崇坚，柳俊，谢从华．茉莉酸类物质的功能与胁迫防御．华中农业大学学报，2001，20(6)：603-607
12．王正询，刘鸿先．香蕉苗试管繁殖染色体数量畸变的研究．遗传学报，1997，24(6)：550-560
13．王子成，邓秀新．玻璃化法超低温保存柑橘茎尖及植株再生．园艺学报，2001，28(4)：301-306
14．王太霞，李景原，胡正海．怀地黄块根的形态发生和结构发育．西北植物学报，2003，23(7)：1217-1223
15．王翠松，张红梅，李云峰．马铃薯块茎发育过程中的影响因子．中国马铃薯，2003，17(1)：29-33
16．王君晖，张毅翔，刘峰，黄纯农，葛霁光．铁皮石斛种子、原球茎和类原球茎体的超低温保存研究．园艺学报，1999，26(1)：59-61
17．王君晖，黄纯农．玻璃化法—园艺作物茎尖和分生组织超低温保存的新途径．园艺学报，1994，21(3)：277-282
18．王君晖，黄纯农．大麦幼穗的玻璃化法超低温保存及冻后植株再生．植物学报，1996，38：730-734
19．王丽华，叶代俊，樊瑛．地黄．见：中国医学科学院药用植物研究所编，药用植物栽培学．北京：中国农业出版社，1991，530-543
20．王秀奇，秦淑媛，高天慧．基础生物化学实验．北京：高等教育出版社，第二版，1999
21．王雨，陈伊里．中国马铃薯学术研讨文集．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，1996，35-38
22．王忠．植物生理学．北京：中国农业出版社，1999，264-265
23．王汀，陈礼明，刘青云．地黄药理研究进展．基层中药杂志，2001，15(2)：41-43
24．王起华，张恩栋，周春影．藻类种质超低温保存研究概况．植物学通报，2002，19(1)：21-29
25．王艳，孙仲序，赵春芝．影响苹果离体叶片再生的因素发现．落叶果树，2002，(6)：19-22
26．邓秀新，刘继红．果树遗传转化及基因组转移研究进展．武汉植物学研究，1996，14(4)；357-369
27．毛文岳，余椿生，刘清琪．怀地黄茎尖培养的研究．植物学通报，1983，19(1)：44-46
28．毛文岳，蒋立旭，李效刚，李光胜．怀地黄组织培养及其在育种和栽培中的应用．中国药学会庆祝建会80周年学术讨论会论文集．北京：中国药学会，1987，015-A-2
29．冯全民，成树春，徐永厚．伊克昭盟甘草生态型研究．中药材，1996，19(2)：58-62
30．甘立军，曾晓春，周燮．茉莉酸类与植物地下贮藏器官的形成，植物学通报，2001，18(5)：546-553
31．甘师俊，李振吉，邹健强．中药现代化发展战略．北京：科学技术文献出版社．1998
32．卢新雄，陈晓玲，陈叔平．低温库种质资源安全保存理论的研究进展．植物遗传资源科学，2000，1(2)：54-58
33．冉毅东，王蒂，戴朝曦．用组织培养法诱导试管微型薯的研究．马铃薯杂志，1991，5(4)：193-1981
34．史春余，王振林，郭风法，余松烈。甘薯块根膨大过程中ATP酶活性、ATP和ABA含量的变化．西北植物学报，2002，22(2)：315-320
35．四川省地黄栽培科研协作组．四川引种怀地黄的生长特性观察．中草药研究资料，1979a，(15)：4-9
36．四川省地黄栽培科研协作组．四川引种怀地黄的春种试验．中草药研究资料，1979b，(15)：10-16
37．四川省地黄栽培科研协作组．四川省地黄栽培科研情况．中草药研究资料，1979c，(15)：1-3
38．田波．关于河南地黄上分离到的一个病毒．微生物学报，1962，8(4)：418-419
39．叶永在．全息生物学原理与应用．福州：福建科学技术出版社，1988，39．211
40．叶兴国，王连铮．大豆花药愈伤组织的分化及其内源激素分析．作物学报，1997，23(5)：555-560
41．江月玲，郑燕玲，潘瑞炽．茉莉酸类物质与脱落酸生理作用的比较研究．植物学通报，1996，13(4)：38-41
42．江玲，管晓春．植物激素与不定根．生物学通报，2000，35(11)：17-19
43．李春香，周燮．MeJA对大蒜鳞茎膨大及内源激素含量的影响．生命科学研究，2002，6(2)：193-185
44．李光胜，毛文岳，黄新胜，刘伟．地黄夏栽技术的研究．中国中药杂志，1993，18(12)：718-719
45．李兰青．地黄药理研究进展．中成药，1994，16(9)：47-52
46．李小方，汤章城，何玉科．不定根的形态发生与调节机制．细胞生物学杂志，2001，23(3)：130-135
47．李小方，何玉科，汤章城．生长素和模拟微重力效应对大白菜不定根形态发生的影响．实验生物学报，2000，33：179-185
48．李正理．植物组织制片学．北京：北京大学出版社，1996．130
49．李正理，张新英．植物解剖学．北京：高等教育出版社，1983：201-202
50．李灿辉，龙维彪．马铃薯块茎形成机理的研究．马铃薯杂志，1997，11(3)：182-185
51．李明军，张嘉宝，刘萍．怀地黄离体培养再生植株及其生长调控．河南师范大学学报(自然科学版)，1996，24(4)：60-63
52．李明军，张峰，郭君丽，于相丽，张嘉宝．怀地黄离体培养与快速繁殖．见：朱德蔚主编．植物组织培养与脱毒快繁技术．北京：中国科学技术出版社，2001，140-143
53．李隆云，钟国跃，卫莹芳，秦松云，舒扜扜，王昌华．中国中药种质资源的保存与评价研究．中国中药杂志，2002，27(9)：641-645
54．李曙轩．植物生长调节剂与蔬菜生产．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1992
55．刘玉平，柯卫东，黄新芳，彭静．试管芋诱导的研究．园艺学报，2003，30(1)：43-46
56．刘德军．六味地黄丸现代研究与应用．北京：人民卫生出版社，2002，23-29
57．刘穆．种子植物形态解剖学导论．北京：科学出版社，2001．121-125
58．刘梦芸，蒙美莲，门福义，毛雪飞．马铃薯生育期间内源激素的变化．马铃薯杂志，1996，10(4)：197-202
59．刘伟．怀地黄金状元复壮前后产量比较．中药材，1989，12(3)：9-10
60．吕哗，袁昌齐，王年鹤．药用植物种质的保存方法．中国中药杂志，1993，18(5)：263-365
61．汤朝起，王琦，岑益群．黄瓜组织培养中器官发生的全息现象．复旦学报(自然科学版)，1996，35(2)：183-188
62．许智宏．植物生物技术．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1998．186-188
63．许智宏．生长素的极性运输及其在植物发育调控中的作用．生命科学，1998，10(2)：52-54
64．伊稍(李正理译)．种子植物解剖学(第二版)．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1982．367
65．朱本明，陈作义．应用酶联免疫吸附测定检测地黄黄斑病毒．自然杂志，1981，4(4)：319-321
66．陈德恩，刘田才，吴友吕．地黄病毒病及对退化影响研究．中草药，1985，16(9)：28-31
67．陈军胜，王志安．浙贝母新品种梅园1号的研究．中药材，1993，16(8)：9-12
68．陈京荔，黄璐琦。邵爱娟，林淑芳．地黄不同品种的RAPD分析．中国中药杂志，2002，27(7)：505-508．
69．陈灵芝，钱迎倩．生物多样性科学前沿．生态学报，1997，17(6)：555-570
70．陈勇，王君晖，黄纯农．铁皮石斛种质资源的玻璃化法超低温保存．浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)，2001，27(4)：436-438
71．陈叔平．国际种质资源保存和研究方向．世界农业，1992，12：13-15
72．谷瑞升，蒋湘宁，郭仲琛．植物离体培养中器官发生调控机制的研究进展．植物学通报，1999，16(3)：238-244
73．吴美芬，陈伟东．怀地黄块根、茎的组织培养及植株再生．植物生理学通讯，1986，22(2)：41-42
74．肖凯，张荣铣．不同器官间的关系和植物激素对叶片衰老的影响．河北农作物研究，1993(4)：54-58
75．肖关丽，杨清辉．植物组织培养过程中内源激素研究进展．云南农业大学学报，2001，16(2)：136-138
76．肖培根．新编中药志．北京：化学工业出版社，2002，390-395
77．肖培根，陈士林．国家中药资源宏观管理系统的建立—中药现代化的基础．中国中药杂志．2003，28(1)：4-6
78．肖洁凝，黄子林．茎尖和芽的超低温保存．生物工程进展，1999，19(5)：46-48
79．肖关丽，杨清辉．植物组织培养过程中内源激素研究进展．云南农业大学学报，2001，16(2)：136-138
80．何奕昆，何孟元，胡阿林，朱长甫，何孟元．半夏小块茎的形态发生及人工种子制作．作物学报，1997，23(4)，23(4)：482-485
81．何光存，舒理慧，廖兰杰，殷晓辉，盛腊梅，汪晓玲．疣粒野生稻体细胞超低温保藏与原生质体培养体系的确立．中国科学(C)，1998，28(5)：444-449
82．陆时保，徐祥生，沈敏健．植物学(第二版)．北京：高等教育出版社，1995．86-88
83．张泓，胡正海．何首乌块根中异常结构的形成过程．西北植物学报，1986，6(2)：111-115
84．张泓，胡正海．商陆块根发育的研究．植物研究，1987，7(4)：121-129
85．张爱民，薛建平，翟兴礼，李明军．怀地黄茎尖培养苗病毒的鉴定．新乡医学院学报，2000，17(1)，21-23
86．张玉进．魔芋种质资源的RAPD分析与低温和超低温保存研究：[西南农业大学博士学位论文]．重庆：西南农业大学，1998
87．张玉进．张兴国，刘佩英，陈金香．植物茎尖的玻璃化冻存研究．武汉植物学研究，1999，17(增刊)：78-82
88．张玉进，张兴国，刘佩英．魔芋花粉的低温和超低温保存．园艺学报，2000，27(2)：139—140
89．张玉进，张兴国，庞杰，刘佩英．魔芋茎尖玻璃化冻存研究．作物学报，2001，27(1)；97-102
90．张志良．植物生理学实验指导．北京：高等教育出版社，第二版，1990
91．张宗文．红花遗传资源的研究和利用．植物遗传资源科学，2000，1(1)：7-10
92．连勇．马铃薯试管薯诱导与应用．马铃薯杂志，1995，9(4)：273-240
93．连勇，邹颍，杨宏福，金黎平，卞春松．马铃薯试管薯发育机理研究—温度对试管薯形成的影响．马铃薯杂志，1996a，10：133-137
94．沈淞海，沈海铭，吴建华．月光花素调控下甘薯的生长发育．浙江农业大学学报，1994，20(3)：254-256
95．沈淞海，郭奇珍．茉莉酮酸类物质与块茎形成．植物生理学通讯，1996，32(4)：292-294
96．沈清景，叶贻勋，凌永胜．马铃薯试管薯诱导因素研究，福建农业学报，2001，16(1)：54-56
97．严庆丰，黄纯农．植物组织和细胞的玻璃化冻存研究．细胞生物学杂志，1994，16(3)：117-122
98．余方平，杨立．地黄花叶病的初步研究．植物病理学报，1994，24(3)：310-313
99．余永信．地黄叶部的病害及其防治．中药通报，1981，6(2)：2-4
100．杨丽军，许智宏．不同来源的怀地黄叶外植体在培养中植株再生的差异，植物生理学通讯，1985，21(4)：38-41
101．杨世林，张本刚，陈军，李先恩，魏建和．药材栽培在中药资源可持续利用中的作用及发展战略．中草药，1999，30(1)：870-873
102．罗海潮．地黄芽栽初报．朝阳医药，1980，3：67-68
103．周俊英．中药地黄的染色体研究．山东科学，2002，15(1)：20-22
104．周根余，沈光华，程磊．洋桔梗叶片培养中的全息现象．植物生理学通讯，2000，36(3)：212-214
105．周维燕．植物细胞工程原理与技术，北京：中国农业大学出版社，2001，59-62
106．郑虎占，董泽宏，佘靖．中药现代研究与应用．北京：学苑出版社，1997，1748-1773
107．郑均宝，梁海永，王进茂．杨和苹果离体茎尖培养和愈伤组织分化与内源IAA、ABA的关系．植物生理学报，1999，25(1)：80-86
108．胡正海，张泓．植物异常结构解剖学．北京：高等教育出版社，1993．119
109．胡世林．中国道地药材．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，1989，584
110．胡云海，蒋先明．不同糖类和BA对马铃薯试管薯的影响．马铃薯杂志，1989，3(4)：203-206
111．胡云海，蒋先明．植物激素对微型薯形成的影响．马铃薯杂志，1992，6(1)：14-22
112．胡虹，季本仁，段金玉．云南山楂中吲哚乙酸、脱落酸、玉米素和玉米素核苷的内源水平及其生根率．云南植物研究，1993，15(3)：278-384
113．赵春江，康书江，王纪华，郭晓维，李鸿祥．植物内源激素对小麦叶片衰老的调控机理研究．华北农学报．2000，15(2)：53-56
114．赵艳华，吴永杰．‘品丽珠’葡萄离体茎尖超低温保存的研究．园艺学报，2001，28(1)：62-64
115．姜微波，Amnon L，Nehemia A．欧芹叶片衰老过程中的核糖核酸酶类型与活性变化．植物生理学通讯，2002，38(6)：567-568
116．郭得平，Shah GA. GA_3，BA，和NAA对马铃薯试管薯形成的效应．植物生理学通讯，1992，28(3)：193-195
117．郭华春，林满．马铃薯块茎诱导中高浓度蔗糖对内源赤霉素活性的影响．见：陈伊里，屈冬玉 主编．高新技术与马铃薯产业．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社，2002，35-38
118．郭子彪。内源激素IAA、ABA对大豆萌发子叶胚性愈伤组织诱导及其分化的调控．大豆科学，1997，16(3)，194-198
119．柳俊，谢从华，黄大恩，廖勇，吴承金．马铃薯试管块茎形成的机制的研究—BA对试管块茎形成与膨大的影响．马铃薯杂志，1995，9(1)：7-11
120．柳俊，谢从华．马铃薯种薯退化与试管薯应用技术．长江蔬菜，1998，8：1-4
121．柳俊．马铃薯试管块茎的形成机理及块茎形成调控 [华中农业大学博士学位论
文] 武汉：华中农业大学图书馆，2001
122．柳俊，谢从华．马铃薯块茎发育机理及其基因表达．植物学通报，2001，18(5)：531-539
123．钟国跃，周华蓉，凌云，胡鸣，赵萍萍．黄花蒿优质种质资源的研究．中草药，1998，29(4)：264-267
124．都恒青，李赵曦，刘根成．地黄质量研究．中国中药杂志，1992，17(6)：327-329
125．高岚，张芝玉．一些种子植物染色体数目的观察．植物学通报，1984，2(1)：45-46
126．高文远，唐雪梅，李志亮，肖培根．直立和倒伏型桔梗的比较研究．中国中药杂志，1997，22(3)144-145
127．候向阳，高卫东．作物野生近缘种的保护与利用．生物多样性，1999，7(4)：327—331
128．倪慕云，边宝林．地黄化学成分的研究概况．中国中药杂志，1989，14(7)：414-43
129．倪为民，陈晓亚，许智宏，薛红卫．生长素极性研究进展．植物学报，2000，42(3)：221-228
130．唐玉林，陈婉芬，周燮．烟草叶块分化根和芽过程中内源激素水平的变化．南京农业大学学报，1996，19(2)：12-16
131．徐培文，曲士松，刘恒英，张杰，孙晋斌，黄宝勇．中国大蒜种质资源离体保存初步研究．中国农业科学，2002，35(3)：314-319
132．徐启江，杨守志，池春玉，徐鑫成，陈典．分蘖洋葱试管鳞茎微繁技术研究．植物学通报，2003，20(1)：80-84
133．梁永恒，黄上志，傅家瑞．植物种质资源的保存．植物生理学通讯，1999，35(3)：244—250
134．曹宗巽，周阮宝，赵毓桔．其它植物生长调节物质．见：余叔文，汤章城主编．植物生理学与分子生物学(第二版)．北京：科学出版社，1998，514-518
135．曹孜义，刘国民．实用植物组织培养技术教程．兰州：甘肃科学技术出版社，1999．69
136．常瑞英．地黄．见：中国药材公司编著，中国常用中药材．北京：科学出版社，1995，237—245
137．黄建中，陈子元．ABA，IAA和CaM对发育菜豆子叶质膜H~+-ATPase活力的影响。植物生理学报，1996，22(4)：337-343
138．黄璐琦，王敏，付桂芳，杨滨，王年鹤，袁昌齐．中药白芷种质资源的RAPD分析．中国中药杂志，1999，24(8)：457-459
139．黄璐琦．分子生药学．北京：北京医科大学出版社．2000
140．黄坚钦．植物细胞的分化与脱分化．浙江林学院学报，2001，18(1)：89-92
141．梁建生，庞佳音，陈云．渗透胁迫诱导的植物细胞中脱落酸的合成及其调控机
制．植物生理学通讯，2001，37(5)：447-451
142．程龙军，郭得平，葛红娟．甘薯块根特异蛋白—Sporamin的研究进展．植物学通报，2001，18(6)：672-677
143．董万超，孙先，刘春华，赵伟刚，潘久如．中国长白山人参种质资源皂甙的比较研究．基层中药杂志，2001，15(2)：3-6
144．董玉琛．作物种质资源．见：农业部科技教育司编，中国农业科学技术50年．北京：中国农业出版社．1999，271-283
145．董玉琛．保护作物多样性，发掘有用新基因—试论我国作物种质资源当前的任务．植物遗传资源科学，2000，1(1)：2-5
146．韩碧文，李颖章．植物组织培养中器官建成的生理生化基础．植物学通报，1993，10(2)：1-6
147．蒙美莲，刘梦芸，门福义，张宏志．赤霉素和脱落酸对马铃薯块茎形成的影响．马铃薯杂志，1994，8(3)：134-137
148．温县卫生志编辑组．地道药材二十四章．温县卫生志，1986，121
149．温学森，李允尧，陈沪宁．地黄栽培研究进展．中药材，2000，23(7)：427-429
150．温学森，李先恩，杨世林．地黄病毒病及其亟待解决的问题．中草药，2001，32(7)：662-665
151．温学森，霍德兰，杨世林，马小军，李先恩，郑俊华．地黄优良品种“85-5”脱毒苗的快速繁殖研究，中草药，2002a，33(5)：452-455
152．温学森，杨世林，魏建和，郑俊华．地黄栽培历史及其品种考证．中草药，2002b，33(10)：946-949
153．温学森，魏建和，杨世林，马小军．地黄种质资源的离体保存研究．中国中药杂志，2003，28(1)：17-20
154．简令成，孙德兰，孙龙华．甘蔗愈伤组织超低温保存中一些因素的研究．植物学报，1987，29(2)：123-131
155．雷福成，刘晓娜，王学增．防止地黄品种退化的技术措施．中药材，1995，18(11)：545-546
156．阙国宁译．(Bonga J M著)．树木组织培养．北京：中国林业出版社，1988，21-23
157．潘映红，陈鹭声．中国药用植物种质资源研究方向与方法的探讨．中草药，1990，21(6)：36-39
158．潘瑞炽．植物生理学(第四版)．北京：高等教育出版社，2001，178-182
159．潘瑞炽，李海航．茉莉酸 —天然生长抑制剂．植物生理学通讯，1989，2：78-80
160．蔡润，黄伟东，潘俊松，何欢乐．甜瓜子叶离体培养直接再生不定芽的形态学和解剖学观察．武汉植物学研究，2002，20(5)：338—342
161．裘维纲，黄方正．药用植物的染色体数目．见：四川省中药研究所，中草药研
究资料(内部资料)，1981，21：107-108
162．薛建平，石乐义，张爱民．试管地黄诱导技术的研究．中国中药杂志，2002，27(11)：824-827
163．薛建平，张爱民，李明军，谢桂英，李友勇．怀地黄茎尖培养和植株再生技术的研究．新乡医学院学报，2000，17(1)：18-20
164．薛建平，王汝毅，张爱民，柳俊．地黄叶片器官形态建成的研究．中国中药杂志，2003，28(1)：21-24
165．魏建和，徐绍玺．人参、西洋参育种研究概况．中药材，1994，17(1)：43-45
166. Abe M, Shibaoka H, Yamane H, Takahashi N. Cell cycle-dependent disruption of microtuber by methyl jasmonate in tobacco BY-2 cells. Protoplasma, 1990, 156:1-8
167. Abe T, Ii N, Togashi A, Sasashara T. Large deletions in chloroplast DNA of rice calli after long-term culture, J plant Physiol, 2002, 159 (8):917-923
168. Aboumandour A A, Whartung K. The Effect of abscisic acid and increased osmotic potential of the media on growth and root regeneration of zea mays callus. Plant Physiol, 1986, 22:139-145
169. Angel F, Barney V E, Tohme J, Roca W M. Stability of cassava plants at the DNA level after retrieval from 10 years of in vitro storage. Euphytica, 1996, 90 (3): 307-313
170. Ashmore S E. Status reports on the development and application of in vitro techniques for the conservation and use of plant Genetic resources. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, 1997
171. Bajai Y P S. Cassava plants from meristem cultures freeze-preserved for three years. Field Crop Research, 1983, 7:161-167
172. Bertrand D A, Noirot M, Charrier A. Minimal growth in vitro conservation of coffee (Coffea spp.) 1. Influence of low concentration of 6-benzyladenine. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 1991, 27:333-339
173. Bingham E T, Mcoy J T. Somaclonal variation in alfalfa. Plant Breeding Rev, 1986, 4:123-152
174. Blakesley D. Biology of adventitious root formation. Edited by Davis T D and Haissig B E, Penum Press, New York, 1994, 146
175. Carrera E, Bou J, Garcia-Martitnez J L, Prat S. Changes in GA 20-oxidase gene expression strongly affect stem length, tuber induction and tuber yield of potato plants. Plant J, 2000, 2:247-256
176．Chapman C．种质资源评价的原理．见：周明德译．种质资源科学原理、鉴定、评价和创新．北京：农业出版社，1992，45-50
177. Chen J C, Chen Y M, Yeh K W. Isolation and characterization of new sporamin
gene members from sweet potato (Imomoea batatas Lam.). Taiwania, 1997, 42:34-42
178. Clifford P E. Growth regulators have rapid effects on photosyntbate unloading from seed coats ofPhaseolus vulgaris L. Plant Physiol. , 1986, 80:635-637
179. Deeruse S W, Seeni S. Ammonium nitrate in the culture medium influences regeneration potential of cryopreserved shoot-tips of holostemma annulare. Cryo-Letters, 2002, 23 (1): 55-60
180. Diettrich B, Haack U, Luckner M. Cryopreservation of digitalis lanata cells growm in vitro. Precultivation and recultivation, J Plant Physio, 1986, 126:63-73
181. Elleuch H, Ganzeau C, David H, David A. Cryopreservation does not affect the expression of a foreign sam gene in transgenic Papaver somniferum cells. Plant Cell Reports, 1998, 18:94-98
182. Esauk Y. Developmental Anatomy of the Fleshy Storage Organ of Daucus carota, Hilgadia, 1940, 13 (5): 175-179
183. Ewing E E. The role of hormones in potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)tuberization. In: Davies P J ed. Plant hormones physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology. (2nd ed). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Pub, 1995, 698-724
184. Feng S H, Ma L G, Wang X P, Xie D X, Dinesh S P, Wei N, Deng X W. The COP9 Signalosome interacts physically with SCFCOI and modulates jasmonate responses. Plant Cell, 2003, 15:1083-1094
185. Genve R L, Hacket W P, Swanson B T. Intracecellular communications in plant. J Amer Soc Hortic. 1988, 113:630-635
186. Ghosh A, Gadgil V N. Shift in ploidy level of callus tissue: A function of growth substances. Indian J Exp Bill, 1979, 17:562-564
187. Goto S, Thakur R C, Ishii K. Determination of genetic stability in long-term micropropagated shoots of Pinus thunbergii Pad. Using RAPD markers. Plant Cell Reports, 1998, 18:193-197
188. Haggman H M, Ryynanen L A, Aronen T S, Krajnalova J. Cryopreservation of embryogenic cultures of scots pine. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 1998, 54: 45-53
189. Hao Y J, Liu C X, Deng X X. Effect of cryopreservation on apple genetic resources at morphological, chromosomal and molecular levels. Cryobiology, 2001, 43:45-53
190. Hao Y J, You C X, Deng X X. Analysis of ploidy and the patterns of amplified fragment length polymorphism and methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism strawberry plants recovered from cryopreservation. Cryo-Letters, 2002, 23 (1) :37-46
191. Harding K, Benson E E, Analysis of nuclear and chloroplast DNA in plants regenerated from cryopreserved shoot-tips of potato. Cryo-Letters, 2000,
21(5):279-288
192. Harding K, Benson E E. The use of microsatellite analysis in Solanura tuberosum L. in vitro plantlets derived from cryopreserved germplasm. Cryo-Letters, 2001, 22(3): 119-208
193. Harding K. The methylation status of DNA derived from potato plants recovered from slow growth. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 1994, 37:31-38
194. Hattori T, Nakamura K, Maeshima M. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cadna for sporamin, the major soluble protein of sweet potato tuberous roots. Plant Molecular Biology, 1985, 5: 313-320
195. Hattori T, Matsuoka K, Nakamura K. Subcellular localization of the sweet potato tuberous root storage protein. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 1988, 52:1057-1059
196. Hattori T, Fukumoto H, Nakamura K. Sucrose-induced expression of genes coding for the tuberous root storage protein sporamin of sweet potato in leaves and petioles. Plant cell physiology, 1991, 32:79-86
197. Hirai D, Sakai A. Cryopreservation of in vitro-grown axillary shoot-tip meristems of mint (Mentha spicata L.) by encapsulation vitrification. Plant Cell Reports, 1999a, 19 (2): 150-155
198. Hirai D, Sakai A. Cryopreservation of in vitro-grown axillary meristems of potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) by encapsulation-vitrification. Potato Research, 1999b, 42 (2):153-160
199. Hirata K, Mukai M, Coda S, Ishio-Kinugasa M, Yoshida K, Sakai A, Miyamoto K. Cryopreservation of hairy root cultures of vinca minor by encapsulation-dehydration. Biotechnology Letters, 2002, 24(5):371-376
200. Hiroshi E, Ezuta G. Highly frequent apperance of tetraploidy in regenerated plants, a universal phenomenon, in tissue cultures of melon. Plant Science, 1992, 85:209-212
201. Hussey G, Stacey N J. Factors affecting to the formation of in vitro tubers of potato. Annals of Botany. 1984, 53:565-578
202. Jackson S D. Multiple signaling pathways control tuber inducing in potato. Plant Physiol, 1999, 119:1-8
203. Jackson S D, Prat S. Control of tuberisation in potato by gibberellics and phytochrome B. Physiol Plant, 1996, 98:407-412
204. Janeiro L V, Vieitez A M, Ballester A. Cold storage of wild cherry, chestnut and oak. Annals des Sciences Forestieres, 1995, 52:287-293
205. Jarret R L, Florlawski W J. In vitro active vs. field genebank maintenance of sweet potato germplasm: major costs and considerations. Hort Science, 1990, 25(2): 141-146
206. Jarvis B C, Shannon P R M, Yasmin S. Influence IBA and cordyeepin on rooting and RAN synthesis in stem cutting of Phaseolus arureus Roxb. Plant Cell Physiol, 1983, 24:139-142
207. Jitsuyama Y, Suzuki T, Harada T, Fujikawa S. Sucrose incubation increases freezing tolerance of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) embryogenic cell suspensions. Cryo-Letters, 2002, 23 (2): 102-122
208. Jung D W, Sung K H, Touno K, Yoshimatsu K, Shimomura K. Cryopreservation of Hyoscyamus Niger adventitious roots by vitrification. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2001, 158 (6): 801-805
209. Kang S G, Hannapel D J. A novel MADS-box gene of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) expressed during the early stages of tuberization. Plant Mol Biol, 1996, 31: 379-386
210. Kanniah R, Mich B H, Indrak V. Endogenous abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid and somatic embryogenesis in cultured leaf explants of pennisetum purpureum schum. Plant Physoil, 1987, 84:47-51
211. Kartha K K, Leung N L, Pahl K. Cryopreservation of strawberry meristems and mass propagation of plantlets. J Am Soc Hort Sci, 1980, 105:481-484
212. Kartha K K, Engelmann F. Cryopreservation and germplasm storage. In: Vasil IK and Thorpe T A, eds. , Plant Cell and Tissue Culture. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1994, 195-230
213. Kendall E J, Qureshi J A, Kartha K K, Leung N, Chevrier N, Caswell K, Chen T H H. Regeneration of freezing-tolerant spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants from cryoselected callus. Plant Physiol, 1990, 94:1756-1762
214. Khuri S, Moorby J. Investigations into the role of sucrose in potato cv. Estima microtuber production in vitro. Ann of Bot, 1995, 75:295-303
215. Kiyoshi T, Kaien F, Yoshio K. Expansion of potato cells in response to jasmonic acid. Plant Science, 1994, 100(1):3-8
216. Kobayashi S, Sakai A, Ohgawara T, Nakamura Y. Stable maintenance of an integrated gene in mucellar cells of navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) under storage in LN. J Japan Soc Hort Sci, 1994, 63 (3): 553-558
217. Koda Y, Kikuta Y, Tazaki H, Tsujino Y, Sakamura S, Yoshiara T. Potato tuber-inducing activities of jasmonic acid and related compounds. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30:1435-1438
218. Koda Y, Takahashi K, Kikuta Y. Involvement of jasmonic acid and related compounds in the tuberization of jerusalem artichoke plants (Helianthus tuberosus L.). Jpn J Crop Sci, 1994, 63:333-338
219. Koda Y. Possible involvement of jasmonates in various morphogenic events. Phsiol
Plant, 1999, 100:639-646
220. Kohmura H, Sakai A, Chokyu S. Cryopreservation of in vitro cultured multiple bud clusters of asparagus by the techniques of vitrification. Plant Cell Rep, 1992, 11:433-437
221. Kolomiets M V, Hannapel D J, Chen H, Tymeson M, Gladon R J. Lipoxygenase Is Involved in the Control of Potato Tuber Development. Plant Cell, 2001, 13: 613-626
222. Kubota Chieri, Rajapakse N C. Low-temperature storage of micropropagated plantlets under selected light environments. HortScience, 1996, 31(3):449-452
223. K(?)hn C, Hajirezaei M R, Fernie A R, Roessner U, Czechowski T, Hirner B, Frommer W B. The sucrose transporter StSUT1 localizes to sieve elements in potato tuber phloem and influences tuber physiology and development. Plant Physiol, 2003, 131:102-113
224. Label P H, Sotta B, Minginiac E. Endogenous levels of ABA and IAA during in vitro rooting of wild cherry explants produced by micropropagation. Plant Growth Regul, 1989, 8:325-328
225. Lambardi M, Fabbri A, Cacccavale A. Cryopreservation of white poplar (Populus alba L.) by vitrification of in vitro-grown shoot-tips. Plant Cell Reports, 2000, 19: 213-218
226. Larkin P J, Scowcroft W R. Somaclonal variation—a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. Theor Appl Genetic, 1981, 60:197-214
227. Lee J, Parthier B, Lobler M. Jasmonate signaling can be uncoupled from abscisic acid on some rice physiologyical processes. J Plant Growth Regul. 1995, 14:23-28
228. Liang J, Zhang J, Wong M H. How do the roots control the xylem ABA concentration in response to soil drying. Plant Cell Physiol, 1997, 38:10-16
229. Liang J, Zhang J. Xylem-carried ABA in plant responses to soil drying. Curr top Plant Biol, 1999, 1:89-96
230. Liu J, Xie C H, Liao Y, Huang D E. Effects of endogenous gibberellic acid and abscisic acid on the induction of potato microtubers in vitro. In: Liu Q and Kokubu J ads. Proceedings of 1st Chinese-Japanese Symposium on Sweetpotato and Potato. Beijing agricultural University, Beijing, 1995, 267-275
231. Marin ML, Gogorena Y, Ortiz J. Recovery of whole plants of sweet orange from somatic embryos subjected to freezing thawing treatments. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 1993, 34:27-33
232. Mastumoto M, Shoyama Y, Nishioka I. Effects of bacterial and virus infection on iridoid glycoside contents in Rehmannia glutinosa L. var. purpurea Makino. Sho Yakugaku Zasshi. 1988, 42(4):329-332
233. Mastumoto M, Shoyama Y, Nishioka I. Identification of viruses infected in Rehmannia glutinosa L var purpurea Makino and effect of virus infection on root yield and iridoid glycoside contents . Plant Cell Reports, 1989, 7:636-638
234. Matsuki T, Tazaki H, Fujimori T, Hogetsu T. The influences of jasmonic acid methyl ester on microtubules in potato cells and fomation of potato tubers. Biosci Biotech Biochem, 1992, 56:1329-1330
235. Matsumoto T, Takahashi C, Sakai A, Nako Y. Cryopreservation of in vitro-grown apical meristems of hybrid statice by three different procedures. Scientia Horticulturae, 1998, 76 (1-2): 105-114
236. Mcdaniel C. Positional controls in plant development. Barlow P, ed. Cabridge Univ. Press, 1982
237. Moukadiri O, Deming J, Connor J E, Cornejo M J. Phenotypic characterization of the progenies of rice plants derived from cryopreservation calli. Plant Cell Reports. 1999, 18:625-632
238. Murashige T, Skoog E A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol Plant, 1962, 15:473-497
239. Nakamura K, Ohto M, Yoshida N. Sucrose-inducible accumulation of β-amylase occurs concomitant with the accumulatoin of starch and sporamin in leaf-petiole cutting so sweet potato . Plant Physiology, 1991, 96:902-909
240. Nakatani M, Komeichi M. Changes in the endogenous level of zeatin riboside, abscisic acid and acetic acid during formation and thickening of tuberous root in sweet potato. Japan J Crop Sci, 1991, 60(1):91-100
241. Nakatani M. In vitro formation of tuberous roots in sweet potato. Japan J Crop Sci, 1994, 63(1):158-159
242. Nakatani M, Koda Y. Identification of jasmonic acid and its effect on root development in sweet potato. Low input sustainable crop production systems in Asia Korean Soc. Plant Sci, 1993, 523-531
243. Nebra N, Stushnoff S, Kartha K K. Direct shoot regeneration from strawberry leaf disks. Journal American HortScience, 1989, 114: 1014-1045
244. Niino T, Rashiro K, Suzuki M, Ohuchi S, Magoshi J, Akihama T. Cryopreservation of in vitro grown shoot-tips of cherry and sweet cherry by one-step vitrification. Sci Horti, 1997, 70:155-168
245. Nishinari N, Syono K. Changes in ednogenous cytokinin levels in partially synchronise culture tobacco cells. Plant Physiol, 1980, 65:437-441
246. Nora A, Choveaux J, Staden V. The Effect of 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid on the endogenous cytokinin content of aseptically cultured bark segments of salix
babylonica. Plant and Cell Physiol. , 1981, 22(7): 1 207-1 214
247. Ohta S, Hattori T, Morikami A. High level expression of a sweet potato sporamin gene promoter β-glucuroidase(GUS) fusion gene in the stem s oftransgenic tobacco plants is conferred by multiple cell type-specific regulatory elements. Molecular and General genetics, 1991, 225:369-378
248. Ohto M, Nakamura-kito K, Nakamura K. Induction of expression of genes coding for sporamin and β-amylase by polygalacturonic acid in leaf-petiole cutting of sweet potato. Plant Physiology, 1992, 99:422-425
249. Oka S, Niino T. Long term storage of pear (Pyrus spp.) shoot cultures in vitro by minimal growth method. JARQ, 1997, 31:1-7
250. Osifo E O, Webb J K, Henshaw G G. Variation amongst callus-derived plants of Solarium brevidens. Plant Physiol, 1989, 134:1-4
251. Palmer C E, Smith O E. Effects of kinetin on tuber formation on isolated stolons of Solanum tuberosum L cultured in vitro, Potato Res, 1970, 11: 303-311
252. Paulet F, Eksomtramage T, Lu Y H. Callus and apes cryopreservation for sugarcane germplasm management. In: Proceeding of ISSCT Sugar Breeding Workshop, CIRAD/ISSCT, Montpellier, France, 1994
253. Pence V C. Cryopreservation of bryophytes: The effects of abscisic acid and encapsulation dehydration. Bryologist, 1998, 101: 278-281
254. Pennycooke J C, Towili L E. Medium alternations improve regrowth of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) shoot tips cryopreservation by vitrification and encapsulation/dehydration. Cryo Letters, 2001, 22 (6): 381-389
255. Peschke V M, Phillips R L. Genetic implication of somaclonal variation in plants. Adv Genetic, 1992, 30:41-75
256. Phillips R L, Kaeppler S M, Oihoft P. Genetic instability of plant tissue cultures: Break down of normal controls. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA, 1994, 91: 5222-522
257. Quarney S A, Droopy B. A witty mutant of potato deficient in abscisic acid. Plant Cell Environ, 1982, 5: 23-26
258. Rajora O P, Mosseler A. Challenges and opportunities for conservation of forest genetic resources. Euphytica, 2001, 118(2): 197-212
259. Rall W F, Fahy G M. Ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryos at-196℃ by vitrification. Nature, 1985, 313:573-575
260. Rao R V, Hodgkin T. Genetic diversity and conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 2002, 68:1-19
261. Reed B M. Application of gas-permeable bags for in virto cold storage of strawberry germplasm. Plant Cell Reports, 1991, 10:431-434
262. Ristaino J B. Tracking historic migrations of the Irish potato famine pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. Microbes and Infection, 2002, 4:1369-1377
263. Rosati P, Gaggioli D, Guinehi L. Genetic stability of micropropagated loganberry plants. J Hort Sci, 1986, 61:33-41
264. Saab I N, Sharp R E, Pritchard J. Increased endogenous abscisic acid maintains primary root growth and inhibit shoot growth of maize seedling at low water potentials. Plant Physiol, 1990, 93 :1329-1339
265. Sakai A, Kobayashiv S, Oiyama L Cryopreservation of nucellar cells of navel organe (Citrus sinensis sb. var. brasitiensis Tanaka) by vitrification. Plant cell Rep, 1990, 9:30-33
266. Sembder G, Partheir B. The Biochemistry and the physiologyical and molecular action of jasmonates. Plant Mol Biol, 1993, 44:569-589
267. Sergeeva L I, Bruijn S M, Koot-Gronsveld E A M, Navratil O, Vreugdenhil D. Tuber morphology and starch accumulation are independent phenomena: evidence from ipt-transgenic potato lines. Physiol Plant, 2000, 108:435-433
268. Sharma N, Chandei K P S. Low-temperature storage of Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. Ex Kurz: An endangered, endemic medicinal plant. Plant CellReports, 1992, 29: 691-700
269. Shepard J F, Bidney D, Shahin E. Potato protoplasts in crop improvement. Science, 1980, 208:17-24
270. Sbibaoka H. Plant hormone-induced changes in the orientation of cortical microtubules: Alterations in the cross-linking between microtubules and the plasma membrane. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 1994, 45:527-544
271. Skirvin R M, Janick J. Tissue culture-induced variation in scented Pelargonium spp. J Amer Soc Hort Sci, 1976, 101:281-290
272. Skoog F, Miller C O. Chemical regulation of growth and organ formation in plant tissue cultivated in vitro. Syrup Soc Exp Biol, 1957, 11:118-131
273. Smith M K, Drew R A. Current application of tissue culture in plant propagation and improvement. Austral J Plant Physiol, 1990, 17:267-289
274. Stamp J A, Colby S M. Improved shoot organogenesis from leaves of grape. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 1990, 115(6): 1038-1041
275. Takagi H, Tient N, Iseam O M. Croypreservation of in vitro-grown shoot-tips of taro by vitrification. Plant Cell Rep, 1997, 16:594-599
276. Takeda S, Kowyama Y, Takeuchi Y. Spatial patterns of sucrose-inducible and polygalacturonic acid-inducible expression of genes that encode sporamin and beta-anylase in sweet potato. Plant and Cell Physiology, 1995, 36:321-333
277. Tannoury M, Ralambosoa J, Kamindki M. Cryopreservation by vitrification of
coated shoot-tips of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cultured in vitro. C R Acad Sci (Paris), 1991, 313, Set Ⅲ: 633-638
278. Towill L E, Jarret R T. Cryopreservation of sweet potato shoot tips by vitrification. Plant Cell Rep, 1992, 11:175-178
279. Turner S R, Senaratna T, Touchell D, Bunna E, Dixon K, Tan B. Stereochemical arrangement of Hydroxyl groups in sugar and polyalcohol molecules as an important factor in effective cryopreservation. Plant Science, 2001a, 160 (3): 489-497
280. Turner S R, Touchell D H, Senaratna T, Bunn E, Tan B, Dixon KW. Effects of plant growth regulators on survival and recovery growth following cryopreservation. Cryo-lett, 2001b, 22(3): 163-174
281. Turner J G, Ellis C, Devoto A. The jasmonate single pathway. Plant Cell, 2002, 14: 153-164
282. Uragami A, Lucas M O, Ralambosa M R. Cryopreservation of microspore embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) by dehydration in air with or without alginate encapsulation. Cryo Letters, 1993, 14:83-90
283. Van de Houwe I, De S K, Tezenas du M H, Swennen R. Variability in storage potential of banana shoot cultures under medium term storage conditions. Plant Cell, Tissues and Organ Culture, 1995, 42:269-274
284. Villalobos V M, Engelmann F. Ex situ conservation of plant germplasm using biotechnology. Biotechnology, 1995 18:853-857
285. Villeux R E, Johnson A A T. Somaclonal variation: Molecular analysis, transformation international interaction and utilization. Plant Breed Rev, 1998, 16: 229-269
286. Walton D C, Li Y. Abscisic acid biosynthesis and metabolism. In:Davies P J. Plant Hormones. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995, 140-157
287. Wang J H, Bian H W, Zhang Y X, Cheng H P. The dual effect of antifreeze protein on cryopreservation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) embryogenic suspension cells. Cryo-Letters, 2001, 23 (3): 175-182
288. Ward A C, Benson E E, Blackball N M. Flow cytometric assessments of ploidy stability in cryopreserved dihaploid Solanum tuberosum and wild Solanum species. Cryo-Letters, 1993, 14:145-152
289. Watt M P, Thokoane N L, Mycock D, Blakeway F. In vitro storage of Eucalyptus grandis germplasm under minimal growth conditions. Plant Cell, Tissues and Organ Culture, 2000, 61: 161-164
290. Withers L A. Long-term preservation of plant cells, tissues and organs. Oxford Surveys of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, 1987, 4:189-194
291. Wright S T C, Hiron R W E Abscisic acid, the growth inhibitor induced in detached leaves by a period of wilting. Nature, 1969, 224:719-720
292. Xu Z H. Rehmannia glutinosa: Tissue culture and its potential for improvement. Edited : Y. P. S Bajaj. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry (Volum 4: Medical and Aromatic Plants Ⅰ) , Berlin Heideberg NewYork London Paris Tokyo: Springer-verlag, 1988, 501-512
293. Yepes L M, Aldwinclde H S. Factors that affect leaf regeneration efficiency in apple, and effect of antibiotics in morphogenesis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 1994, 37: 257-269
294. Zeevaart J A D, Creelman R A. Metabolism and physiology of abscisic acid. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol, 1988, 39:439-473
295. Zrenner R, Salanoubat M, Willmitzer L, Sonnewald U. Evidence of the crucial role of sucrose synthase for sink strength using transgenic potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.). The Plant J, 1995, 7:97-107
2．丁静，沈镇德，方亦雄，冯秀香，李琳，倪晋山．植物内源激素的提取分离和生物鉴定．植物生理学通讯，1979，15(2)：27-35
3．丁自勉．地黄．北京：中国中医药出版社，2001，1-15
4．万美亮，陈宏康，詹亚化，周吉源．半夏组织培养与快速繁殖研究．中国中药杂志，1995，20(9)：52-55
5．万兵．药用植物种质资源的保护．中草药，1987，18(1)：38-41
6．于百功，尹丽芳，毛学华，李统育．地黄提芽栽培技术．中药材，1999，22(2)：55-56
7．于漱琦，田永清．我国月见草育种、发育和栽培研究进展．中草药，2000，31(1)：70-72
8．于世忠．地黄退化的调查和试验初报．中药材科技，1982，2：9-10
9．于震，周红艳，王军．地黄药理作用研究进展．中医研究，2001，14(1)：43-45
10．马小军，肖培根．种质资源遗传多样性在药用植物开发中的重要意义．中国中药杂志，1998，23(10)：579-582
11．马崇坚，柳俊，谢从华．茉莉酸类物质的功能与胁迫防御．华中农业大学学报，2001，20(6)：603-607
12．王正询，刘鸿先．香蕉苗试管繁殖染色体数量畸变的研究．遗传学报，1997，24(6)：550-560
13．王子成，邓秀新．玻璃化法超低温保存柑橘茎尖及植株再生．园艺学报，2001，28(4)：301-306
14．王太霞，李景原，胡正海．怀地黄块根的形态发生和结构发育．西北植物学报，2003，23(7)：1217-1223
15．王翠松，张红梅，李云峰．马铃薯块茎发育过程中的影响因子．中国马铃薯，2003，17(1)：29-33
16．王君晖，张毅翔，刘峰，黄纯农，葛霁光．铁皮石斛种子、原球茎和类原球茎体的超低温保存研究．园艺学报，1999，26(1)：59-61
17．王君晖，黄纯农．玻璃化法—园艺作物茎尖和分生组织超低温保存的新途径．园艺学报，1994，21(3)：277-282
18．王君晖，黄纯农．大麦幼穗的玻璃化法超低温保存及冻后植株再生．植物学报，1996，38：730-734
19．王丽华，叶代俊，樊瑛．地黄．见：中国医学科学院药用植物研究所编，药用植物栽培学．北京：中国农业出版社，1991，530-543
20．王秀奇，秦淑媛，高天慧．基础生物化学实验．北京：高等教育出版社，第二版，1999
21．王雨，陈伊里．中国马铃薯学术研讨文集．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，1996，35-38
22．王忠．植物生理学．北京：中国农业出版社，1999，264-265
23．王汀，陈礼明，刘青云．地黄药理研究进展．基层中药杂志，2001，15(2)：41-43
24．王起华，张恩栋，周春影．藻类种质超低温保存研究概况．植物学通报，2002，19(1)：21-29
25．王艳，孙仲序，赵春芝．影响苹果离体叶片再生的因素发现．落叶果树，2002，(6)：19-22
26．邓秀新，刘继红．果树遗传转化及基因组转移研究进展．武汉植物学研究，1996，14(4)；357-369
27．毛文岳，余椿生，刘清琪．怀地黄茎尖培养的研究．植物学通报，1983，19(1)：44-46
28．毛文岳，蒋立旭，李效刚，李光胜．怀地黄组织培养及其在育种和栽培中的应用．中国药学会庆祝建会80周年学术讨论会论文集．北京：中国药学会，1987，015-A-2
29．冯全民，成树春，徐永厚．伊克昭盟甘草生态型研究．中药材，1996，19(2)：58-62
30．甘立军，曾晓春，周燮．茉莉酸类与植物地下贮藏器官的形成，植物学通报，2001，18(5)：546-553
31．甘师俊，李振吉，邹健强．中药现代化发展战略．北京：科学技术文献出版社．1998
32．卢新雄，陈晓玲，陈叔平．低温库种质资源安全保存理论的研究进展．植物遗传资源科学，2000，1(2)：54-58
33．冉毅东，王蒂，戴朝曦．用组织培养法诱导试管微型薯的研究．马铃薯杂志，1991，5(4)：193-1981
34．史春余，王振林，郭风法，余松烈。甘薯块根膨大过程中ATP酶活性、ATP和ABA含量的变化．西北植物学报，2002，22(2)：315-320
35．四川省地黄栽培科研协作组．四川引种怀地黄的生长特性观察．中草药研究资料，1979a，(15)：4-9
36．四川省地黄栽培科研协作组．四川引种怀地黄的春种试验．中草药研究资料，1979b，(15)：10-16
37．四川省地黄栽培科研协作组．四川省地黄栽培科研情况．中草药研究资料，1979c，(15)：1-3
38．田波．关于河南地黄上分离到的一个病毒．微生物学报，1962，8(4)：418-419
39．叶永在．全息生物学原理与应用．福州：福建科学技术出版社，1988，39．211
40．叶兴国，王连铮．大豆花药愈伤组织的分化及其内源激素分析．作物学报，1997，23(5)：555-560
41．江月玲，郑燕玲，潘瑞炽．茉莉酸类物质与脱落酸生理作用的比较研究．植物学通报，1996，13(4)：38-41
42．江玲，管晓春．植物激素与不定根．生物学通报，2000，35(11)：17-19
43．李春香，周燮．MeJA对大蒜鳞茎膨大及内源激素含量的影响．生命科学研究，2002，6(2)：193-185
44．李光胜，毛文岳，黄新胜，刘伟．地黄夏栽技术的研究．中国中药杂志，1993，18(12)：718-719
45．李兰青．地黄药理研究进展．中成药，1994，16(9)：47-52
46．李小方，汤章城，何玉科．不定根的形态发生与调节机制．细胞生物学杂志，2001，23(3)：130-135
47．李小方，何玉科，汤章城．生长素和模拟微重力效应对大白菜不定根形态发生的影响．实验生物学报，2000，33：179-185
48．李正理．植物组织制片学．北京：北京大学出版社，1996．130
49．李正理，张新英．植物解剖学．北京：高等教育出版社，1983：201-202
50．李灿辉，龙维彪．马铃薯块茎形成机理的研究．马铃薯杂志，1997，11(3)：182-185
51．李明军，张嘉宝，刘萍．怀地黄离体培养再生植株及其生长调控．河南师范大学学报(自然科学版)，1996，24(4)：60-63
52．李明军，张峰，郭君丽，于相丽，张嘉宝．怀地黄离体培养与快速繁殖．见：朱德蔚主编．植物组织培养与脱毒快繁技术．北京：中国科学技术出版社，2001，140-143
53．李隆云，钟国跃，卫莹芳，秦松云，舒扜扜，王昌华．中国中药种质资源的保存与评价研究．中国中药杂志，2002，27(9)：641-645
54．李曙轩．植物生长调节剂与蔬菜生产．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1992
55．刘玉平，柯卫东，黄新芳，彭静．试管芋诱导的研究．园艺学报，2003，30(1)：43-46
56．刘德军．六味地黄丸现代研究与应用．北京：人民卫生出版社，2002，23-29
57．刘穆．种子植物形态解剖学导论．北京：科学出版社，2001．121-125
58．刘梦芸，蒙美莲，门福义，毛雪飞．马铃薯生育期间内源激素的变化．马铃薯杂志，1996，10(4)：197-202
59．刘伟．怀地黄金状元复壮前后产量比较．中药材，1989，12(3)：9-10
60．吕哗，袁昌齐，王年鹤．药用植物种质的保存方法．中国中药杂志，1993，18(5)：263-365
61．汤朝起，王琦，岑益群．黄瓜组织培养中器官发生的全息现象．复旦学报(自然科学版)，1996，35(2)：183-188
62．许智宏．植物生物技术．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1998．186-188
63．许智宏．生长素的极性运输及其在植物发育调控中的作用．生命科学，1998，10(2)：52-54
64．伊稍(李正理译)．种子植物解剖学(第二版)．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1982．367
65．朱本明，陈作义．应用酶联免疫吸附测定检测地黄黄斑病毒．自然杂志，1981，4(4)：319-321
66．陈德恩，刘田才，吴友吕．地黄病毒病及对退化影响研究．中草药，1985，16(9)：28-31
67．陈军胜，王志安．浙贝母新品种梅园1号的研究．中药材，1993，16(8)：9-12
68．陈京荔，黄璐琦。邵爱娟，林淑芳．地黄不同品种的RAPD分析．中国中药杂志，2002，27(7)：505-508．
69．陈灵芝，钱迎倩．生物多样性科学前沿．生态学报，1997，17(6)：555-570
70．陈勇，王君晖，黄纯农．铁皮石斛种质资源的玻璃化法超低温保存．浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)，2001，27(4)：436-438
71．陈叔平．国际种质资源保存和研究方向．世界农业，1992，12：13-15
72．谷瑞升，蒋湘宁，郭仲琛．植物离体培养中器官发生调控机制的研究进展．植物学通报，1999，16(3)：238-244
73．吴美芬，陈伟东．怀地黄块根、茎的组织培养及植株再生．植物生理学通讯，1986，22(2)：41-42
74．肖凯，张荣铣．不同器官间的关系和植物激素对叶片衰老的影响．河北农作物研究，1993(4)：54-58
75．肖关丽，杨清辉．植物组织培养过程中内源激素研究进展．云南农业大学学报，2001，16(2)：136-138
76．肖培根．新编中药志．北京：化学工业出版社，2002，390-395
77．肖培根，陈士林．国家中药资源宏观管理系统的建立—中药现代化的基础．中国中药杂志．2003，28(1)：4-6
78．肖洁凝，黄子林．茎尖和芽的超低温保存．生物工程进展，1999，19(5)：46-48
79．肖关丽，杨清辉．植物组织培养过程中内源激素研究进展．云南农业大学学报，2001，16(2)：136-138
80．何奕昆，何孟元，胡阿林，朱长甫，何孟元．半夏小块茎的形态发生及人工种子制作．作物学报，1997，23(4)，23(4)：482-485
81．何光存，舒理慧，廖兰杰，殷晓辉，盛腊梅，汪晓玲．疣粒野生稻体细胞超低温保藏与原生质体培养体系的确立．中国科学(C)，1998，28(5)：444-449
82．陆时保，徐祥生，沈敏健．植物学(第二版)．北京：高等教育出版社，1995．86-88
83．张泓，胡正海．何首乌块根中异常结构的形成过程．西北植物学报，1986，6(2)：111-115
84．张泓，胡正海．商陆块根发育的研究．植物研究，1987，7(4)：121-129
85．张爱民，薛建平，翟兴礼，李明军．怀地黄茎尖培养苗病毒的鉴定．新乡医学院学报，2000，17(1)，21-23
86．张玉进．魔芋种质资源的RAPD分析与低温和超低温保存研究：[西南农业大学博士学位论文]．重庆：西南农业大学，1998
87．张玉进．张兴国，刘佩英，陈金香．植物茎尖的玻璃化冻存研究．武汉植物学研究，1999，17(增刊)：78-82
88．张玉进，张兴国，刘佩英．魔芋花粉的低温和超低温保存．园艺学报，2000，27(2)：139—140
89．张玉进，张兴国，庞杰，刘佩英．魔芋茎尖玻璃化冻存研究．作物学报，2001，27(1)；97-102
90．张志良．植物生理学实验指导．北京：高等教育出版社，第二版，1990
91．张宗文．红花遗传资源的研究和利用．植物遗传资源科学，2000，1(1)：7-10
92．连勇．马铃薯试管薯诱导与应用．马铃薯杂志，1995，9(4)：273-240
93．连勇，邹颍，杨宏福，金黎平，卞春松．马铃薯试管薯发育机理研究—温度对试管薯形成的影响．马铃薯杂志，1996a，10：133-137
94．沈淞海，沈海铭，吴建华．月光花素调控下甘薯的生长发育．浙江农业大学学报，1994，20(3)：254-256
95．沈淞海，郭奇珍．茉莉酮酸类物质与块茎形成．植物生理学通讯，1996，32(4)：292-294
96．沈清景，叶贻勋，凌永胜．马铃薯试管薯诱导因素研究，福建农业学报，2001，16(1)：54-56
97．严庆丰，黄纯农．植物组织和细胞的玻璃化冻存研究．细胞生物学杂志，1994，16(3)：117-122
98．余方平，杨立．地黄花叶病的初步研究．植物病理学报，1994，24(3)：310-313
99．余永信．地黄叶部的病害及其防治．中药通报，1981，6(2)：2-4
100．杨丽军，许智宏．不同来源的怀地黄叶外植体在培养中植株再生的差异，植物生理学通讯，1985，21(4)：38-41
101．杨世林，张本刚，陈军，李先恩，魏建和．药材栽培在中药资源可持续利用中的作用及发展战略．中草药，1999，30(1)：870-873
102．罗海潮．地黄芽栽初报．朝阳医药，1980，3：67-68
103．周俊英．中药地黄的染色体研究．山东科学，2002，15(1)：20-22
104．周根余，沈光华，程磊．洋桔梗叶片培养中的全息现象．植物生理学通讯，2000，36(3)：212-214
105．周维燕．植物细胞工程原理与技术，北京：中国农业大学出版社，2001，59-62
106．郑虎占，董泽宏，佘靖．中药现代研究与应用．北京：学苑出版社，1997，1748-1773
107．郑均宝，梁海永，王进茂．杨和苹果离体茎尖培养和愈伤组织分化与内源IAA、ABA的关系．植物生理学报，1999，25(1)：80-86
108．胡正海，张泓．植物异常结构解剖学．北京：高等教育出版社，1993．119
109．胡世林．中国道地药材．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，1989，584
110．胡云海，蒋先明．不同糖类和BA对马铃薯试管薯的影响．马铃薯杂志，1989，3(4)：203-206
111．胡云海，蒋先明．植物激素对微型薯形成的影响．马铃薯杂志，1992，6(1)：14-22
112．胡虹，季本仁，段金玉．云南山楂中吲哚乙酸、脱落酸、玉米素和玉米素核苷的内源水平及其生根率．云南植物研究，1993，15(3)：278-384
113．赵春江，康书江，王纪华，郭晓维，李鸿祥．植物内源激素对小麦叶片衰老的调控机理研究．华北农学报．2000，15(2)：53-56
114．赵艳华，吴永杰．‘品丽珠’葡萄离体茎尖超低温保存的研究．园艺学报，2001，28(1)：62-64
115．姜微波，Amnon L，Nehemia A．欧芹叶片衰老过程中的核糖核酸酶类型与活性变化．植物生理学通讯，2002，38(6)：567-568
116．郭得平，Shah GA. GA_3，BA，和NAA对马铃薯试管薯形成的效应．植物生理学通讯，1992，28(3)：193-195
117．郭华春，林满．马铃薯块茎诱导中高浓度蔗糖对内源赤霉素活性的影响．见：陈伊里，屈冬玉 主编．高新技术与马铃薯产业．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社，2002，35-38
118．郭子彪。内源激素IAA、ABA对大豆萌发子叶胚性愈伤组织诱导及其分化的调控．大豆科学，1997，16(3)，194-198
119．柳俊，谢从华，黄大恩，廖勇，吴承金．马铃薯试管块茎形成的机制的研究—BA对试管块茎形成与膨大的影响．马铃薯杂志，1995，9(1)：7-11
120．柳俊，谢从华．马铃薯种薯退化与试管薯应用技术．长江蔬菜，1998，8：1-4
121．柳俊．马铃薯试管块茎的形成机理及块茎形成调控 [华中农业大学博士学位论
文] 武汉：华中农业大学图书馆，2001
122．柳俊，谢从华．马铃薯块茎发育机理及其基因表达．植物学通报，2001，18(5)：531-539
123．钟国跃，周华蓉，凌云，胡鸣，赵萍萍．黄花蒿优质种质资源的研究．中草药，1998，29(4)：264-267
124．都恒青，李赵曦，刘根成．地黄质量研究．中国中药杂志，1992，17(6)：327-329
125．高岚，张芝玉．一些种子植物染色体数目的观察．植物学通报，1984，2(1)：45-46
126．高文远，唐雪梅，李志亮，肖培根．直立和倒伏型桔梗的比较研究．中国中药杂志，1997，22(3)144-145
127．候向阳，高卫东．作物野生近缘种的保护与利用．生物多样性，1999，7(4)：327—331
128．倪慕云，边宝林．地黄化学成分的研究概况．中国中药杂志，1989，14(7)：414-43
129．倪为民，陈晓亚，许智宏，薛红卫．生长素极性研究进展．植物学报，2000，42(3)：221-228
130．唐玉林，陈婉芬，周燮．烟草叶块分化根和芽过程中内源激素水平的变化．南京农业大学学报，1996，19(2)：12-16
131．徐培文，曲士松，刘恒英，张杰，孙晋斌，黄宝勇．中国大蒜种质资源离体保存初步研究．中国农业科学，2002，35(3)：314-319
132．徐启江，杨守志，池春玉，徐鑫成，陈典．分蘖洋葱试管鳞茎微繁技术研究．植物学通报，2003，20(1)：80-84
133．梁永恒，黄上志，傅家瑞．植物种质资源的保存．植物生理学通讯，1999，35(3)：244—250
134．曹宗巽，周阮宝，赵毓桔．其它植物生长调节物质．见：余叔文，汤章城主编．植物生理学与分子生物学(第二版)．北京：科学出版社，1998，514-518
135．曹孜义，刘国民．实用植物组织培养技术教程．兰州：甘肃科学技术出版社，1999．69
136．常瑞英．地黄．见：中国药材公司编著，中国常用中药材．北京：科学出版社，1995，237—245
137．黄建中，陈子元．ABA，IAA和CaM对发育菜豆子叶质膜H~+-ATPase活力的影响。植物生理学报，1996，22(4)：337-343
138．黄璐琦，王敏，付桂芳，杨滨，王年鹤，袁昌齐．中药白芷种质资源的RAPD分析．中国中药杂志，1999，24(8)：457-459
139．黄璐琦．分子生药学．北京：北京医科大学出版社．2000
140．黄坚钦．植物细胞的分化与脱分化．浙江林学院学报，2001，18(1)：89-92
141．梁建生，庞佳音，陈云．渗透胁迫诱导的植物细胞中脱落酸的合成及其调控机
制．植物生理学通讯，2001，37(5)：447-451
142．程龙军，郭得平，葛红娟．甘薯块根特异蛋白—Sporamin的研究进展．植物学通报，2001，18(6)：672-677
143．董万超，孙先，刘春华，赵伟刚，潘久如．中国长白山人参种质资源皂甙的比较研究．基层中药杂志，2001，15(2)：3-6
144．董玉琛．作物种质资源．见：农业部科技教育司编，中国农业科学技术50年．北京：中国农业出版社．1999，271-283
145．董玉琛．保护作物多样性，发掘有用新基因—试论我国作物种质资源当前的任务．植物遗传资源科学，2000，1(1)：2-5
146．韩碧文，李颖章．植物组织培养中器官建成的生理生化基础．植物学通报，1993，10(2)：1-6
147．蒙美莲，刘梦芸，门福义，张宏志．赤霉素和脱落酸对马铃薯块茎形成的影响．马铃薯杂志，1994，8(3)：134-137
148．温县卫生志编辑组．地道药材二十四章．温县卫生志，1986，121
149．温学森，李允尧，陈沪宁．地黄栽培研究进展．中药材，2000，23(7)：427-429
150．温学森，李先恩，杨世林．地黄病毒病及其亟待解决的问题．中草药，2001，32(7)：662-665
151．温学森，霍德兰，杨世林，马小军，李先恩，郑俊华．地黄优良品种“85-5”脱毒苗的快速繁殖研究，中草药，2002a，33(5)：452-455
152．温学森，杨世林，魏建和，郑俊华．地黄栽培历史及其品种考证．中草药，2002b，33(10)：946-949
153．温学森，魏建和，杨世林，马小军．地黄种质资源的离体保存研究．中国中药杂志，2003，28(1)：17-20
154．简令成，孙德兰，孙龙华．甘蔗愈伤组织超低温保存中一些因素的研究．植物学报，1987，29(2)：123-131
155．雷福成，刘晓娜，王学增．防止地黄品种退化的技术措施．中药材，1995，18(11)：545-546
156．阙国宁译．(Bonga J M著)．树木组织培养．北京：中国林业出版社，1988，21-23
157．潘映红，陈鹭声．中国药用植物种质资源研究方向与方法的探讨．中草药，1990，21(6)：36-39
158．潘瑞炽．植物生理学(第四版)．北京：高等教育出版社，2001，178-182
159．潘瑞炽，李海航．茉莉酸 —天然生长抑制剂．植物生理学通讯，1989，2：78-80
160．蔡润，黄伟东，潘俊松，何欢乐．甜瓜子叶离体培养直接再生不定芽的形态学和解剖学观察．武汉植物学研究，2002，20(5)：338—342
161．裘维纲，黄方正．药用植物的染色体数目．见：四川省中药研究所，中草药研
究资料(内部资料)，1981，21：107-108
162．薛建平，石乐义，张爱民．试管地黄诱导技术的研究．中国中药杂志，2002，27(11)：824-827
163．薛建平，张爱民，李明军，谢桂英，李友勇．怀地黄茎尖培养和植株再生技术的研究．新乡医学院学报，2000，17(1)：18-20
164．薛建平，王汝毅，张爱民，柳俊．地黄叶片器官形态建成的研究．中国中药杂志，2003，28(1)：21-24
165．魏建和，徐绍玺．人参、西洋参育种研究概况．中药材，1994，17(1)：43-45
166. Abe M, Shibaoka H, Yamane H, Takahashi N. Cell cycle-dependent disruption of microtuber by methyl jasmonate in tobacco BY-2 cells. Protoplasma, 1990, 156:1-8
167. Abe T, Ii N, Togashi A, Sasashara T. Large deletions in chloroplast DNA of rice calli after long-term culture, J plant Physiol, 2002, 159 (8):917-923
168. Aboumandour A A, Whartung K. The Effect of abscisic acid and increased osmotic potential of the media on growth and root regeneration of zea mays callus. Plant Physiol, 1986, 22:139-145
169. Angel F, Barney V E, Tohme J, Roca W M. Stability of cassava plants at the DNA level after retrieval from 10 years of in vitro storage. Euphytica, 1996, 90 (3): 307-313
170. Ashmore S E. Status reports on the development and application of in vitro techniques for the conservation and use of plant Genetic resources. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, 1997
171. Bajai Y P S. Cassava plants from meristem cultures freeze-preserved for three years. Field Crop Research, 1983, 7:161-167
172. Bertrand D A, Noirot M, Charrier A. Minimal growth in vitro conservation of coffee (Coffea spp.) 1. Influence of low concentration of 6-benzyladenine. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 1991, 27:333-339
173. Bingham E T, Mcoy J T. Somaclonal variation in alfalfa. Plant Breeding Rev, 1986, 4:123-152
174. Blakesley D. Biology of adventitious root formation. Edited by Davis T D and Haissig B E, Penum Press, New York, 1994, 146
175. Carrera E, Bou J, Garcia-Martitnez J L, Prat S. Changes in GA 20-oxidase gene expression strongly affect stem length, tuber induction and tuber yield of potato plants. Plant J, 2000, 2:247-256
176．Chapman C．种质资源评价的原理．见：周明德译．种质资源科学原理、鉴定、评价和创新．北京：农业出版社，1992，45-50
177. Chen J C, Chen Y M, Yeh K W. Isolation and characterization of new sporamin
gene members from sweet potato (Imomoea batatas Lam.). Taiwania, 1997, 42:34-42
178. Clifford P E. Growth regulators have rapid effects on photosyntbate unloading from seed coats ofPhaseolus vulgaris L. Plant Physiol. , 1986, 80:635-637
179. Deeruse S W, Seeni S. Ammonium nitrate in the culture medium influences regeneration potential of cryopreserved shoot-tips of holostemma annulare. Cryo-Letters, 2002, 23 (1): 55-60
180. Diettrich B, Haack U, Luckner M. Cryopreservation of digitalis lanata cells growm in vitro. Precultivation and recultivation, J Plant Physio, 1986, 126:63-73
181. Elleuch H, Ganzeau C, David H, David A. Cryopreservation does not affect the expression of a foreign sam gene in transgenic Papaver somniferum cells. Plant Cell Reports, 1998, 18:94-98
182. Esauk Y. Developmental Anatomy of the Fleshy Storage Organ of Daucus carota, Hilgadia, 1940, 13 (5): 175-179
183. Ewing E E. The role of hormones in potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)tuberization. In: Davies P J ed. Plant hormones physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology. (2nd ed). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Pub, 1995, 698-724
184. Feng S H, Ma L G, Wang X P, Xie D X, Dinesh S P, Wei N, Deng X W. The COP9 Signalosome interacts physically with SCFCOI and modulates jasmonate responses. Plant Cell, 2003, 15:1083-1094
185. Genve R L, Hacket W P, Swanson B T. Intracecellular communications in plant. J Amer Soc Hortic. 1988, 113:630-635
186. Ghosh A, Gadgil V N. Shift in ploidy level of callus tissue: A function of growth substances. Indian J Exp Bill, 1979, 17:562-564
187. Goto S, Thakur R C, Ishii K. Determination of genetic stability in long-term micropropagated shoots of Pinus thunbergii Pad. Using RAPD markers. Plant Cell Reports, 1998, 18:193-197
188. Haggman H M, Ryynanen L A, Aronen T S, Krajnalova J. Cryopreservation of embryogenic cultures of scots pine. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 1998, 54: 45-53
189. Hao Y J, Liu C X, Deng X X. Effect of cryopreservation on apple genetic resources at morphological, chromosomal and molecular levels. Cryobiology, 2001, 43:45-53
190. Hao Y J, You C X, Deng X X. Analysis of ploidy and the patterns of amplified fragment length polymorphism and methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism strawberry plants recovered from cryopreservation. Cryo-Letters, 2002, 23 (1) :37-46
191. Harding K, Benson E E, Analysis of nuclear and chloroplast DNA in plants regenerated from cryopreserved shoot-tips of potato. Cryo-Letters, 2000,
21(5):279-288
192. Harding K, Benson E E. The use of microsatellite analysis in Solanura tuberosum L. in vitro plantlets derived from cryopreserved germplasm. Cryo-Letters, 2001, 22(3): 119-208
193. Harding K. The methylation status of DNA derived from potato plants recovered from slow growth. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 1994, 37:31-38
194. Hattori T, Nakamura K, Maeshima M. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cadna for sporamin, the major soluble protein of sweet potato tuberous roots. Plant Molecular Biology, 1985, 5: 313-320
195. Hattori T, Matsuoka K, Nakamura K. Subcellular localization of the sweet potato tuberous root storage protein. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 1988, 52:1057-1059
196. Hattori T, Fukumoto H, Nakamura K. Sucrose-induced expression of genes coding for the tuberous root storage protein sporamin of sweet potato in leaves and petioles. Plant cell physiology, 1991, 32:79-86
197. Hirai D, Sakai A. Cryopreservation of in vitro-grown axillary shoot-tip meristems of mint (Mentha spicata L.) by encapsulation vitrification. Plant Cell Reports, 1999a, 19 (2): 150-155
198. Hirai D, Sakai A. Cryopreservation of in vitro-grown axillary meristems of potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) by encapsulation-vitrification. Potato Research, 1999b, 42 (2):153-160
199. Hirata K, Mukai M, Coda S, Ishio-Kinugasa M, Yoshida K, Sakai A, Miyamoto K. Cryopreservation of hairy root cultures of vinca minor by encapsulation-dehydration. Biotechnology Letters, 2002, 24(5):371-376
200. Hiroshi E, Ezuta G. Highly frequent apperance of tetraploidy in regenerated plants, a universal phenomenon, in tissue cultures of melon. Plant Science, 1992, 85:209-212
201. Hussey G, Stacey N J. Factors affecting to the formation of in vitro tubers of potato. Annals of Botany. 1984, 53:565-578
202. Jackson S D. Multiple signaling pathways control tuber inducing in potato. Plant Physiol, 1999, 119:1-8
203. Jackson S D, Prat S. Control of tuberisation in potato by gibberellics and phytochrome B. Physiol Plant, 1996, 98:407-412
204. Janeiro L V, Vieitez A M, Ballester A. Cold storage of wild cherry, chestnut and oak. Annals des Sciences Forestieres, 1995, 52:287-293
205. Jarret R L, Florlawski W J. In vitro active vs. field genebank maintenance of sweet potato germplasm: major costs and considerations. Hort Science, 1990, 25(2): 141-146
206. Jarvis B C, Shannon P R M, Yasmin S. Influence IBA and cordyeepin on rooting and RAN synthesis in stem cutting of Phaseolus arureus Roxb. Plant Cell Physiol, 1983, 24:139-142
207. Jitsuyama Y, Suzuki T, Harada T, Fujikawa S. Sucrose incubation increases freezing tolerance of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) embryogenic cell suspensions. Cryo-Letters, 2002, 23 (2): 102-122
208. Jung D W, Sung K H, Touno K, Yoshimatsu K, Shimomura K. Cryopreservation of Hyoscyamus Niger adventitious roots by vitrification. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2001, 158 (6): 801-805
209. Kang S G, Hannapel D J. A novel MADS-box gene of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) expressed during the early stages of tuberization. Plant Mol Biol, 1996, 31: 379-386
210. Kanniah R, Mich B H, Indrak V. Endogenous abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid and somatic embryogenesis in cultured leaf explants of pennisetum purpureum schum. Plant Physoil, 1987, 84:47-51
211. Kartha K K, Leung N L, Pahl K. Cryopreservation of strawberry meristems and mass propagation of plantlets. J Am Soc Hort Sci, 1980, 105:481-484
212. Kartha K K, Engelmann F. Cryopreservation and germplasm storage. In: Vasil IK and Thorpe T A, eds. , Plant Cell and Tissue Culture. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1994, 195-230
213. Kendall E J, Qureshi J A, Kartha K K, Leung N, Chevrier N, Caswell K, Chen T H H. Regeneration of freezing-tolerant spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants from cryoselected callus. Plant Physiol, 1990, 94:1756-1762
214. Khuri S, Moorby J. Investigations into the role of sucrose in potato cv. Estima microtuber production in vitro. Ann of Bot, 1995, 75:295-303
215. Kiyoshi T, Kaien F, Yoshio K. Expansion of potato cells in response to jasmonic acid. Plant Science, 1994, 100(1):3-8
216. Kobayashi S, Sakai A, Ohgawara T, Nakamura Y. Stable maintenance of an integrated gene in mucellar cells of navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) under storage in LN. J Japan Soc Hort Sci, 1994, 63 (3): 553-558
217. Koda Y, Kikuta Y, Tazaki H, Tsujino Y, Sakamura S, Yoshiara T. Potato tuber-inducing activities of jasmonic acid and related compounds. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30:1435-1438
218. Koda Y, Takahashi K, Kikuta Y. Involvement of jasmonic acid and related compounds in the tuberization of jerusalem artichoke plants (Helianthus tuberosus L.). Jpn J Crop Sci, 1994, 63:333-338
219. Koda Y. Possible involvement of jasmonates in various morphogenic events. Phsiol
Plant, 1999, 100:639-646
220. Kohmura H, Sakai A, Chokyu S. Cryopreservation of in vitro cultured multiple bud clusters of asparagus by the techniques of vitrification. Plant Cell Rep, 1992, 11:433-437
221. Kolomiets M V, Hannapel D J, Chen H, Tymeson M, Gladon R J. Lipoxygenase Is Involved in the Control of Potato Tuber Development. Plant Cell, 2001, 13: 613-626
222. Kubota Chieri, Rajapakse N C. Low-temperature storage of micropropagated plantlets under selected light environments. HortScience, 1996, 31(3):449-452
223. K(?)hn C, Hajirezaei M R, Fernie A R, Roessner U, Czechowski T, Hirner B, Frommer W B. The sucrose transporter StSUT1 localizes to sieve elements in potato tuber phloem and influences tuber physiology and development. Plant Physiol, 2003, 131:102-113
224. Label P H, Sotta B, Minginiac E. Endogenous levels of ABA and IAA during in vitro rooting of wild cherry explants produced by micropropagation. Plant Growth Regul, 1989, 8:325-328
225. Lambardi M, Fabbri A, Cacccavale A. Cryopreservation of white poplar (Populus alba L.) by vitrification of in vitro-grown shoot-tips. Plant Cell Reports, 2000, 19: 213-218
226. Larkin P J, Scowcroft W R. Somaclonal variation—a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. Theor Appl Genetic, 1981, 60:197-214
227. Lee J, Parthier B, Lobler M. Jasmonate signaling can be uncoupled from abscisic acid on some rice physiologyical processes. J Plant Growth Regul. 1995, 14:23-28
228. Liang J, Zhang J, Wong M H. How do the roots control the xylem ABA concentration in response to soil drying. Plant Cell Physiol, 1997, 38:10-16
229. Liang J, Zhang J. Xylem-carried ABA in plant responses to soil drying. Curr top Plant Biol, 1999, 1:89-96
230. Liu J, Xie C H, Liao Y, Huang D E. Effects of endogenous gibberellic acid and abscisic acid on the induction of potato microtubers in vitro. In: Liu Q and Kokubu J ads. Proceedings of 1st Chinese-Japanese Symposium on Sweetpotato and Potato. Beijing agricultural University, Beijing, 1995, 267-275
231. Marin ML, Gogorena Y, Ortiz J. Recovery of whole plants of sweet orange from somatic embryos subjected to freezing thawing treatments. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 1993, 34:27-33
232. Mastumoto M, Shoyama Y, Nishioka I. Effects of bacterial and virus infection on iridoid glycoside contents in Rehmannia glutinosa L. var. purpurea Makino. Sho Yakugaku Zasshi. 1988, 42(4):329-332
233. Mastumoto M, Shoyama Y, Nishioka I. Identification of viruses infected in Rehmannia glutinosa L var purpurea Makino and effect of virus infection on root yield and iridoid glycoside contents . Plant Cell Reports, 1989, 7:636-638
234. Matsuki T, Tazaki H, Fujimori T, Hogetsu T. The influences of jasmonic acid methyl ester on microtubules in potato cells and fomation of potato tubers. Biosci Biotech Biochem, 1992, 56:1329-1330
235. Matsumoto T, Takahashi C, Sakai A, Nako Y. Cryopreservation of in vitro-grown apical meristems of hybrid statice by three different procedures. Scientia Horticulturae, 1998, 76 (1-2): 105-114
236. Mcdaniel C. Positional controls in plant development. Barlow P, ed. Cabridge Univ. Press, 1982
237. Moukadiri O, Deming J, Connor J E, Cornejo M J. Phenotypic characterization of the progenies of rice plants derived from cryopreservation calli. Plant Cell Reports. 1999, 18:625-632
238. Murashige T, Skoog E A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol Plant, 1962, 15:473-497
239. Nakamura K, Ohto M, Yoshida N. Sucrose-inducible accumulation of β-amylase occurs concomitant with the accumulatoin of starch and sporamin in leaf-petiole cutting so sweet potato . Plant Physiology, 1991, 96:902-909
240. Nakatani M, Komeichi M. Changes in the endogenous level of zeatin riboside, abscisic acid and acetic acid during formation and thickening of tuberous root in sweet potato. Japan J Crop Sci, 1991, 60(1):91-100
241. Nakatani M. In vitro formation of tuberous roots in sweet potato. Japan J Crop Sci, 1994, 63(1):158-159
242. Nakatani M, Koda Y. Identification of jasmonic acid and its effect on root development in sweet potato. Low input sustainable crop production systems in Asia Korean Soc. Plant Sci, 1993, 523-531
243. Nebra N, Stushnoff S, Kartha K K. Direct shoot regeneration from strawberry leaf disks. Journal American HortScience, 1989, 114: 1014-1045
244. Niino T, Rashiro K, Suzuki M, Ohuchi S, Magoshi J, Akihama T. Cryopreservation of in vitro grown shoot-tips of cherry and sweet cherry by one-step vitrification. Sci Horti, 1997, 70:155-168
245. Nishinari N, Syono K. Changes in ednogenous cytokinin levels in partially synchronise culture tobacco cells. Plant Physiol, 1980, 65:437-441
246. Nora A, Choveaux J, Staden V. The Effect of 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid on the endogenous cytokinin content of aseptically cultured bark segments of salix
babylonica. Plant and Cell Physiol. , 1981, 22(7): 1 207-1 214
247. Ohta S, Hattori T, Morikami A. High level expression of a sweet potato sporamin gene promoter β-glucuroidase(GUS) fusion gene in the stem s oftransgenic tobacco plants is conferred by multiple cell type-specific regulatory elements. Molecular and General genetics, 1991, 225:369-378
248. Ohto M, Nakamura-kito K, Nakamura K. Induction of expression of genes coding for sporamin and β-amylase by polygalacturonic acid in leaf-petiole cutting of sweet potato. Plant Physiology, 1992, 99:422-425
249. Oka S, Niino T. Long term storage of pear (Pyrus spp.) shoot cultures in vitro by minimal growth method. JARQ, 1997, 31:1-7
250. Osifo E O, Webb J K, Henshaw G G. Variation amongst callus-derived plants of Solarium brevidens. Plant Physiol, 1989, 134:1-4
251. Palmer C E, Smith O E. Effects of kinetin on tuber formation on isolated stolons of Solanum tuberosum L cultured in vitro, Potato Res, 1970, 11: 303-311
252. Paulet F, Eksomtramage T, Lu Y H. Callus and apes cryopreservation for sugarcane germplasm management. In: Proceeding of ISSCT Sugar Breeding Workshop, CIRAD/ISSCT, Montpellier, France, 1994
253. Pence V C. Cryopreservation of bryophytes: The effects of abscisic acid and encapsulation dehydration. Bryologist, 1998, 101: 278-281
254. Pennycooke J C, Towili L E. Medium alternations improve regrowth of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) shoot tips cryopreservation by vitrification and encapsulation/dehydration. Cryo Letters, 2001, 22 (6): 381-389
255. Peschke V M, Phillips R L. Genetic implication of somaclonal variation in plants. Adv Genetic, 1992, 30:41-75
256. Phillips R L, Kaeppler S M, Oihoft P. Genetic instability of plant tissue cultures: Break down of normal controls. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA, 1994, 91: 5222-522
257. Quarney S A, Droopy B. A witty mutant of potato deficient in abscisic acid. Plant Cell Environ, 1982, 5: 23-26
258. Rajora O P, Mosseler A. Challenges and opportunities for conservation of forest genetic resources. Euphytica, 2001, 118(2): 197-212
259. Rall W F, Fahy G M. Ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryos at-196℃ by vitrification. Nature, 1985, 313:573-575
260. Rao R V, Hodgkin T. Genetic diversity and conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 2002, 68:1-19
261. Reed B M. Application of gas-permeable bags for in virto cold storage of strawberry germplasm. Plant Cell Reports, 1991, 10:431-434
262. Ristaino J B. Tracking historic migrations of the Irish potato famine pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. Microbes and Infection, 2002, 4:1369-1377
263. Rosati P, Gaggioli D, Guinehi L. Genetic stability of micropropagated loganberry plants. J Hort Sci, 1986, 61:33-41
264. Saab I N, Sharp R E, Pritchard J. Increased endogenous abscisic acid maintains primary root growth and inhibit shoot growth of maize seedling at low water potentials. Plant Physiol, 1990, 93 :1329-1339
265. Sakai A, Kobayashiv S, Oiyama L Cryopreservation of nucellar cells of navel organe (Citrus sinensis sb. var. brasitiensis Tanaka) by vitrification. Plant cell Rep, 1990, 9:30-33
266. Sembder G, Partheir B. The Biochemistry and the physiologyical and molecular action of jasmonates. Plant Mol Biol, 1993, 44:569-589
267. Sergeeva L I, Bruijn S M, Koot-Gronsveld E A M, Navratil O, Vreugdenhil D. Tuber morphology and starch accumulation are independent phenomena: evidence from ipt-transgenic potato lines. Physiol Plant, 2000, 108:435-433
268. Sharma N, Chandei K P S. Low-temperature storage of Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. Ex Kurz: An endangered, endemic medicinal plant. Plant CellReports, 1992, 29: 691-700
269. Shepard J F, Bidney D, Shahin E. Potato protoplasts in crop improvement. Science, 1980, 208:17-24
270. Sbibaoka H. Plant hormone-induced changes in the orientation of cortical microtubules: Alterations in the cross-linking between microtubules and the plasma membrane. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 1994, 45:527-544
271. Skirvin R M, Janick J. Tissue culture-induced variation in scented Pelargonium spp. J Amer Soc Hort Sci, 1976, 101:281-290
272. Skoog F, Miller C O. Chemical regulation of growth and organ formation in plant tissue cultivated in vitro. Syrup Soc Exp Biol, 1957, 11:118-131
273. Smith M K, Drew R A. Current application of tissue culture in plant propagation and improvement. Austral J Plant Physiol, 1990, 17:267-289
274. Stamp J A, Colby S M. Improved shoot organogenesis from leaves of grape. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 1990, 115(6): 1038-1041
275. Takagi H, Tient N, Iseam O M. Croypreservation of in vitro-grown shoot-tips of taro by vitrification. Plant Cell Rep, 1997, 16:594-599
276. Takeda S, Kowyama Y, Takeuchi Y. Spatial patterns of sucrose-inducible and polygalacturonic acid-inducible expression of genes that encode sporamin and beta-anylase in sweet potato. Plant and Cell Physiology, 1995, 36:321-333
277. Tannoury M, Ralambosoa J, Kamindki M. Cryopreservation by vitrification of
coated shoot-tips of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cultured in vitro. C R Acad Sci (Paris), 1991, 313, Set Ⅲ: 633-638
278. Towill L E, Jarret R T. Cryopreservation of sweet potato shoot tips by vitrification. Plant Cell Rep, 1992, 11:175-178
279. Turner S R, Senaratna T, Touchell D, Bunna E, Dixon K, Tan B. Stereochemical arrangement of Hydroxyl groups in sugar and polyalcohol molecules as an important factor in effective cryopreservation. Plant Science, 2001a, 160 (3): 489-497
280. Turner S R, Touchell D H, Senaratna T, Bunn E, Tan B, Dixon KW. Effects of plant growth regulators on survival and recovery growth following cryopreservation. Cryo-lett, 2001b, 22(3): 163-174
281. Turner J G, Ellis C, Devoto A. The jasmonate single pathway. Plant Cell, 2002, 14: 153-164
282. Uragami A, Lucas M O, Ralambosa M R. Cryopreservation of microspore embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) by dehydration in air with or without alginate encapsulation. Cryo Letters, 1993, 14:83-90
283. Van de Houwe I, De S K, Tezenas du M H, Swennen R. Variability in storage potential of banana shoot cultures under medium term storage conditions. Plant Cell, Tissues and Organ Culture, 1995, 42:269-274
284. Villalobos V M, Engelmann F. Ex situ conservation of plant germplasm using biotechnology. Biotechnology, 1995 18:853-857
285. Villeux R E, Johnson A A T. Somaclonal variation: Molecular analysis, transformation international interaction and utilization. Plant Breed Rev, 1998, 16: 229-269
286. Walton D C, Li Y. Abscisic acid biosynthesis and metabolism. In:Davies P J. Plant Hormones. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995, 140-157
287. Wang J H, Bian H W, Zhang Y X, Cheng H P. The dual effect of antifreeze protein on cryopreservation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) embryogenic suspension cells. Cryo-Letters, 2001, 23 (3): 175-182
288. Ward A C, Benson E E, Blackball N M. Flow cytometric assessments of ploidy stability in cryopreserved dihaploid Solanum tuberosum and wild Solanum species. Cryo-Letters, 1993, 14:145-152
289. Watt M P, Thokoane N L, Mycock D, Blakeway F. In vitro storage of Eucalyptus grandis germplasm under minimal growth conditions. Plant Cell, Tissues and Organ Culture, 2000, 61: 161-164
290. Withers L A. Long-term preservation of plant cells, tissues and organs. Oxford Surveys of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, 1987, 4:189-194
291. Wright S T C, Hiron R W E Abscisic acid, the growth inhibitor induced in detached leaves by a period of wilting. Nature, 1969, 224:719-720
292. Xu Z H. Rehmannia glutinosa: Tissue culture and its potential for improvement. Edited : Y. P. S Bajaj. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry (Volum 4: Medical and Aromatic Plants Ⅰ) , Berlin Heideberg NewYork London Paris Tokyo: Springer-verlag, 1988, 501-512
293. Yepes L M, Aldwinclde H S. Factors that affect leaf regeneration efficiency in apple, and effect of antibiotics in morphogenesis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 1994, 37: 257-269
294. Zeevaart J A D, Creelman R A. Metabolism and physiology of abscisic acid. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol, 1988, 39:439-473
295. Zrenner R, Salanoubat M, Willmitzer L, Sonnewald U. Evidence of the crucial role of sucrose synthase for sink strength using transgenic potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.). The Plant J, 1995, 7:97-107