基于特定消谐法控制的有源电力滤波器的研究
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摘要
面对日益严重的“电网污染”,电网净化已引起越来越多的关注。由于有源电力滤波器在谐波抑制、无功补偿、平衡三相不平衡系统、电压调节以及闪变抑制等诸多方面已取得了良好的效果,弥补了无源电力滤波器的不足,被公认为是综合治理“电网污染”的有效手段之一。本文通过对有源电力滤波器(Active Power Filter,简称“APF”)特定消谐控制策略的研究,为有源电力滤波器技术提供了一种有效的控制、分析和设计方案。
首先,为了减少谐波的含量,实现主电路模块化,本文的主电路采用了具有独立直流电源的级联式多电平逆变器结构,并构建了仿真模型,验证了其可行性。
其次,针对谐波电流检测精度不高、响应慢、谐波补偿效果不好等情况。本文采用了瞬时无功功率理论的p-q算法和ip-iq算法,并给出了该理论在三相电路中任意次谐波和无功电流检测的仿真实验研究。
然后,本文重点介绍了特定消谐控制算法,研究了MATLAB中的曲线拟合技术、非线性方程组的求解,并提出了一种基于曲线拟合技术的特定消谐控制的电流控制策略,该控制算法使系统响应迅速,且具有满意的控制精度,仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性。
最后,本文构建了一种基于MATLAB/Simulink特定消谐控制的并联混合型有源电力滤波器的仿真模型。通过仿真实验研究表明,该方案在电网电流存在畸变的情况下,能很好地跟踪检测谐波并选择性的消除谐波,而且具有很好的动态响应和较高的检测精度以及快速补偿谐波等优点,最终达到了改善优化电网质量的目的。
More and more attentions have been paid to" power clean "for the serious "power pollution "problem. Active power filter overcomes the drawbacks of passive power filter and has many multifunctions, such as harmonic compensation, reactive power compensation, flicker/imbalance compensaiton and voltage regulation, so it has been considered as one of the most effective methods to suppress the serious "Power Pollution" problem. In this paper, a study on the selected harmonic elimination control algorithm of active power filter is to provide a kind of effective control scheme, analysis and design methods for active power filter.
First of all , the cascaded multilevel inverter with direct current power supply is adopted in this paper in order to reduce the harmonic content and realize the modularization. The feasibility is verified by corresponding simulation.
Secondly, according to the low detection precision, slow response and poor effect of harmonic compensation of the harmonic current detection algorithm, the paper introduces p-q algorithm and ip-iq algorithm based on the instantaneous reactive power theory, and the simulation experiment study on the detection of random and reactive harmonic in three-phase circuit is given.
Thirdly, selected harmonic elimination control algorithm is introduced by studing Curve Fitting Technique (CFT) and solving nonlinear equations. Moreover selected harmonic elimination control algorithm based on CFT is presented. The rapid response and satisfactory control precision are obtained by using this control algorithm. The feasibility is verified by simulation results.
Finally, the paper constructs a simulation model of shunt hybrid active power filter based on MATLAB/Simulink selected harmonic elimination. It can well detect the harmonic by the simulation experiment. Selected harmonic elimination has many virtues such as good dynamic response, much higher detection precision and quick compensation to harmonic current. It can reach the goal to improve and optimize the quality of the electricity networks.
首先,为了减少谐波的含量,实现主电路模块化,本文的主电路采用了具有独立直流电源的级联式多电平逆变器结构,并构建了仿真模型,验证了其可行性。
其次,针对谐波电流检测精度不高、响应慢、谐波补偿效果不好等情况。本文采用了瞬时无功功率理论的p-q算法和ip-iq算法,并给出了该理论在三相电路中任意次谐波和无功电流检测的仿真实验研究。
然后,本文重点介绍了特定消谐控制算法,研究了MATLAB中的曲线拟合技术、非线性方程组的求解,并提出了一种基于曲线拟合技术的特定消谐控制的电流控制策略,该控制算法使系统响应迅速,且具有满意的控制精度,仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性。
最后,本文构建了一种基于MATLAB/Simulink特定消谐控制的并联混合型有源电力滤波器的仿真模型。通过仿真实验研究表明,该方案在电网电流存在畸变的情况下,能很好地跟踪检测谐波并选择性的消除谐波,而且具有很好的动态响应和较高的检测精度以及快速补偿谐波等优点,最终达到了改善优化电网质量的目的。
More and more attentions have been paid to" power clean "for the serious "power pollution "problem. Active power filter overcomes the drawbacks of passive power filter and has many multifunctions, such as harmonic compensation, reactive power compensation, flicker/imbalance compensaiton and voltage regulation, so it has been considered as one of the most effective methods to suppress the serious "Power Pollution" problem. In this paper, a study on the selected harmonic elimination control algorithm of active power filter is to provide a kind of effective control scheme, analysis and design methods for active power filter.
First of all , the cascaded multilevel inverter with direct current power supply is adopted in this paper in order to reduce the harmonic content and realize the modularization. The feasibility is verified by corresponding simulation.
Secondly, according to the low detection precision, slow response and poor effect of harmonic compensation of the harmonic current detection algorithm, the paper introduces p-q algorithm and ip-iq algorithm based on the instantaneous reactive power theory, and the simulation experiment study on the detection of random and reactive harmonic in three-phase circuit is given.
Thirdly, selected harmonic elimination control algorithm is introduced by studing Curve Fitting Technique (CFT) and solving nonlinear equations. Moreover selected harmonic elimination control algorithm based on CFT is presented. The rapid response and satisfactory control precision are obtained by using this control algorithm. The feasibility is verified by simulation results.
Finally, the paper constructs a simulation model of shunt hybrid active power filter based on MATLAB/Simulink selected harmonic elimination. It can well detect the harmonic by the simulation experiment. Selected harmonic elimination has many virtues such as good dynamic response, much higher detection precision and quick compensation to harmonic current. It can reach the goal to improve and optimize the quality of the electricity networks.
引文
[1]王兆安,杨君,刘进军,王跃.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006,1-444
[2]姜齐荣,赵东元,陈建业.有源电力滤波器——结构·原理·控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2005,1-309
[3]陈坚.电力电子学——电力电子变换和控制技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[4]Zhao Xu Etc.New Fundamental Waveform Electronic Energy Meter[J],ISIST,2002,1(384)
[5](奥地利)GEORGE J.WAKILEH著,徐政译.电力系统谐波基本原理、分析、方法和滤波器设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.5
[6]M.Marchesoni,M.Mazzucchelli and S.Tenconi.A Non-conventional Power Converter for Plasma Stabilization.IEEE Proc.of IEEE-PESC' 1988,122-129
[7]P.Hammond.A new approach to enhance power quality for medium voltage ac drives[J].IEEE Trans.Ind.Applicat,1997,vol.33,Jan/Feb,202-208
[8]颜晓庆,王兆安.并联型电力有源滤波器的仿真研究.西安交通大学学报,1997(11):88-93
[9]A.Nabae,I.Takahashi,H.Akagi.A new neutral point clamping PWM Inverter.IEEE Tran.on Industry Applications,1981,17(5):518-523
[10]K.Corzine,Y.Familiant.A new cascaded multilevel H-bridge.IEEE Trans.on Industry Power Electronics,2002,17(1):125-131
[11]F.Z.Peng.A generalized multilevel inverter topology with self-voltage balancing.Proc.Of IEEE IAS2000.Vol.3:2024-2031
[12]Y.S.Lai,F.S.Shyu.Topology for hybrid multilevel inverter.lEE Proceedings Electric Power Applications,2002,149(6):449-458
[13]齐悦,杨耕,窦曰轩.一种基于混合单元的新型串联逆变电路.电力电子技术,2002,36(3):36-38
[14]K.R.Padiyar,Investigationson Strong Resonance in Multimachine Power Systems With STATCOM Supplementary Modulation Controller.IEEE,Transaction on POWER SYSTEMS,2006,21(2):754-768
[15]Akagi H.New Trends in Active Filters for Power Conditioning[J].IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,2003,32:(163) 12-1322.
[16]林琳.STATCOM无功电流检测和控制方法的研究[D].江苏大学硕士学位论文.2008,6
[17]吴昊.基于DSP的静止无功发生器的研制与研究[D].广西大学硕士学位论文.2007,5
[18]王兆安,杨君,刘进军,王跃.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[19]黄玲,刘骥,曹滨等.基于瞬时无功功率理论的谐波电流检测法[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2001,6(4):103-106
[20]杨君,王兆安.三相电路谐波电流两种检测方法的对比研究[J].电工技术学报,1995,10(2):43-48
[21]李庚银,陈志业,丁巧林等.dq0坐标系下广义瞬时无功功率定义及其补偿[J].中国电机工程学报,1996,16(3):176-179
[22]赵小英,王平.基于MATLAB的并联有源电力滤波系统的仿真研究[J].自动化技术与应用,2005,24(3):28-31
[23]H.S.Patel,R.G.Hoft.Generalized Techniques of Harmonic Elimination and Voltage Control in Thyristor Inverters:Part Ⅰ-Harmonic Elimination.IEEE Trans.on I.A..1973,9(3):310-317
[24]H.S.Patel,R.G.Hoft.Generalized Techniques of Harmonic Elimination and Voltage Control in Thyristor Inverters:Part Ⅱ-Harmonic Elimination.IEEE.Trans.on I.A..1973,9(3):310-317
[25]N.E.Prasad,D.Z.Phoivos.Programmed PWM Techniques to Eliminate Harmonics:A Critical Evaluation IEEE.Trans.on I.A..1990,26(2):302-316
[26]Karshenas,R.K.Hamid,A.Hassan,and S.B.Dewan.Generalized Techniques of Selective Harmonic Elimination and Current control in Current Source Inverters/converters IEEE.Trans.on P.E.1995,10(5):566-573
[27]C.K.Lee,S.YRon Hui,and Henry Shu-Hung Chung,"A 31-Level Cascade Inverter for Power Applications,"IEEE Transon Indus.Electron.Vo 149.NO.3.June 2002 pp613-617
[28]李勇东,脉宽调制(PWM)技术——回顾、现状及展望.电气传动.1996,26(3):2-12
[29]王兴贵,李贺平.近代交流传动发展综述.电气传动自动化.1998,20(2):3-7
[30]G.S.Buja,G.B.Indri.Optimal Pulsewidth Modulation for Feeding AC Motors.IEEE.Trans.on I.A..1977,13(1):38-44
[31]Q.Jiang,D.G.Holmes,and D.B.Gliener.A Method for Linearising Optimal PWM Switching Strategies to Enable Their Computation On-line in Real-time.IEEE.IAS'91,1991:819-825
[32]Tan Xinyuan,Bian Jingming.An Algebraic Algorithm for Generation Optimal PWM Waveforms for AC Drives-Part Ⅰ:Selective Harmonic Elimination.IEEE.PESC.Conf.,1991:402-408
[33]N.B.Prasad,J.Ranjit.Optimal Power Control Strategies for Neutral Point Clamped(NPC)Inverter Topology.IEEE.Trans.on I.A..1992,28(3):558-556
[34]R.B.Sidney,R.C.Paul.Transporter-based Harmonic-Elimination PWM Control of Inverter Drives.IEEE.Trans.on I.A..1992,28(1):72-80
[35]S.Jian,B.Stephan,and G.Horst.Optimal PWM Based on Real-time Solution of Harmonic-Elimination Equations.IEEE.Trans.on P.E..1996,11(4):612-621
[36]P.Enjeti,J.F.Lindsay.Solving Nonlinear Equation of Harmonic Elimination PWM in Power Control.Electron.Lett..1987,23(12):656-657
[37]R.B.Sidney,R.C.Paul.Transporter-Based Optimal PWM Control of Inverter Drives.IEEE.Trans.on I.A.1992,28(1):81-88
[38]佟为明,陈向阳.变频电源特定消谐技术中非线性方程组解法的研究.中国电机工程学报,1998,18(5):357-360
[39]Jian Sun,Stephan Beineke,Horst Grotstollen.Optimal PWM based on real-time solution of harmonic elimination equations.IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics,1996,11(4):612-621
[40]黄瀚,纪延超,张辉等.优化特定消谐PWM技术.中国电机工程学报,1997,17(5):344-347
[41]PWM逆变器特定消谐式谐波抑制技术的研究:[博士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,1999:32-33
[2]姜齐荣,赵东元,陈建业.有源电力滤波器——结构·原理·控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2005,1-309
[3]陈坚.电力电子学——电力电子变换和控制技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[4]Zhao Xu Etc.New Fundamental Waveform Electronic Energy Meter[J],ISIST,2002,1(384)
[5](奥地利)GEORGE J.WAKILEH著,徐政译.电力系统谐波基本原理、分析、方法和滤波器设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.5
[6]M.Marchesoni,M.Mazzucchelli and S.Tenconi.A Non-conventional Power Converter for Plasma Stabilization.IEEE Proc.of IEEE-PESC' 1988,122-129
[7]P.Hammond.A new approach to enhance power quality for medium voltage ac drives[J].IEEE Trans.Ind.Applicat,1997,vol.33,Jan/Feb,202-208
[8]颜晓庆,王兆安.并联型电力有源滤波器的仿真研究.西安交通大学学报,1997(11):88-93
[9]A.Nabae,I.Takahashi,H.Akagi.A new neutral point clamping PWM Inverter.IEEE Tran.on Industry Applications,1981,17(5):518-523
[10]K.Corzine,Y.Familiant.A new cascaded multilevel H-bridge.IEEE Trans.on Industry Power Electronics,2002,17(1):125-131
[11]F.Z.Peng.A generalized multilevel inverter topology with self-voltage balancing.Proc.Of IEEE IAS2000.Vol.3:2024-2031
[12]Y.S.Lai,F.S.Shyu.Topology for hybrid multilevel inverter.lEE Proceedings Electric Power Applications,2002,149(6):449-458
[13]齐悦,杨耕,窦曰轩.一种基于混合单元的新型串联逆变电路.电力电子技术,2002,36(3):36-38
[14]K.R.Padiyar,Investigationson Strong Resonance in Multimachine Power Systems With STATCOM Supplementary Modulation Controller.IEEE,Transaction on POWER SYSTEMS,2006,21(2):754-768
[15]Akagi H.New Trends in Active Filters for Power Conditioning[J].IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,2003,32:(163) 12-1322.
[16]林琳.STATCOM无功电流检测和控制方法的研究[D].江苏大学硕士学位论文.2008,6
[17]吴昊.基于DSP的静止无功发生器的研制与研究[D].广西大学硕士学位论文.2007,5
[18]王兆安,杨君,刘进军,王跃.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[19]黄玲,刘骥,曹滨等.基于瞬时无功功率理论的谐波电流检测法[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2001,6(4):103-106
[20]杨君,王兆安.三相电路谐波电流两种检测方法的对比研究[J].电工技术学报,1995,10(2):43-48
[21]李庚银,陈志业,丁巧林等.dq0坐标系下广义瞬时无功功率定义及其补偿[J].中国电机工程学报,1996,16(3):176-179
[22]赵小英,王平.基于MATLAB的并联有源电力滤波系统的仿真研究[J].自动化技术与应用,2005,24(3):28-31
[23]H.S.Patel,R.G.Hoft.Generalized Techniques of Harmonic Elimination and Voltage Control in Thyristor Inverters:Part Ⅰ-Harmonic Elimination.IEEE Trans.on I.A..1973,9(3):310-317
[24]H.S.Patel,R.G.Hoft.Generalized Techniques of Harmonic Elimination and Voltage Control in Thyristor Inverters:Part Ⅱ-Harmonic Elimination.IEEE.Trans.on I.A..1973,9(3):310-317
[25]N.E.Prasad,D.Z.Phoivos.Programmed PWM Techniques to Eliminate Harmonics:A Critical Evaluation IEEE.Trans.on I.A..1990,26(2):302-316
[26]Karshenas,R.K.Hamid,A.Hassan,and S.B.Dewan.Generalized Techniques of Selective Harmonic Elimination and Current control in Current Source Inverters/converters IEEE.Trans.on P.E.1995,10(5):566-573
[27]C.K.Lee,S.YRon Hui,and Henry Shu-Hung Chung,"A 31-Level Cascade Inverter for Power Applications,"IEEE Transon Indus.Electron.Vo 149.NO.3.June 2002 pp613-617
[28]李勇东,脉宽调制(PWM)技术——回顾、现状及展望.电气传动.1996,26(3):2-12
[29]王兴贵,李贺平.近代交流传动发展综述.电气传动自动化.1998,20(2):3-7
[30]G.S.Buja,G.B.Indri.Optimal Pulsewidth Modulation for Feeding AC Motors.IEEE.Trans.on I.A..1977,13(1):38-44
[31]Q.Jiang,D.G.Holmes,and D.B.Gliener.A Method for Linearising Optimal PWM Switching Strategies to Enable Their Computation On-line in Real-time.IEEE.IAS'91,1991:819-825
[32]Tan Xinyuan,Bian Jingming.An Algebraic Algorithm for Generation Optimal PWM Waveforms for AC Drives-Part Ⅰ:Selective Harmonic Elimination.IEEE.PESC.Conf.,1991:402-408
[33]N.B.Prasad,J.Ranjit.Optimal Power Control Strategies for Neutral Point Clamped(NPC)Inverter Topology.IEEE.Trans.on I.A..1992,28(3):558-556
[34]R.B.Sidney,R.C.Paul.Transporter-based Harmonic-Elimination PWM Control of Inverter Drives.IEEE.Trans.on I.A..1992,28(1):72-80
[35]S.Jian,B.Stephan,and G.Horst.Optimal PWM Based on Real-time Solution of Harmonic-Elimination Equations.IEEE.Trans.on P.E..1996,11(4):612-621
[36]P.Enjeti,J.F.Lindsay.Solving Nonlinear Equation of Harmonic Elimination PWM in Power Control.Electron.Lett..1987,23(12):656-657
[37]R.B.Sidney,R.C.Paul.Transporter-Based Optimal PWM Control of Inverter Drives.IEEE.Trans.on I.A.1992,28(1):81-88
[38]佟为明,陈向阳.变频电源特定消谐技术中非线性方程组解法的研究.中国电机工程学报,1998,18(5):357-360
[39]Jian Sun,Stephan Beineke,Horst Grotstollen.Optimal PWM based on real-time solution of harmonic elimination equations.IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics,1996,11(4):612-621
[40]黄瀚,纪延超,张辉等.优化特定消谐PWM技术.中国电机工程学报,1997,17(5):344-347
[41]PWM逆变器特定消谐式谐波抑制技术的研究:[博士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,1999:32-33