高超声速飞行器气动热快速计算前置处理研究
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摘要
随着CAD在工程上的广泛应用,将CAD输出的描述几何外形的数据转换成CFD计算所依据的几何外形数据已成为亟待解决问题。本文结合课题组项目“基于IGES的高超声速飞行器气动热快速计算研究”,对其中的关键技术之一前置处理技术的若干重要问题进行了研究。
首先,对复杂外形前置处理技术的国内外发展现状进行系统的分析、归类和整理,明确了符合目前发展趋势的研究方案,即以从IGES文件中提取数据信息为基础的前置处理方案。
剖析了IGES文件的整体组织结构、各部分的作用以及它们之间的相互联系,分析了数据文件中几何信息的数据封装原理,建立了适当的数据存储结构,给出了提取数据信息的流程。在此基础上设计了IGES数据接口,实现了对IGES文件数据的提取与转化。
分析了NURBES方法的数学原理,实现了IGES中常用曲面模型的离散重构。针对IGES中的曲面模型,研究了曲面与平面求交的算法。并以几何处理的数据信息为基础,根据超声速飞行器绕流流场的特点和数值模拟的要求,初步研究了头部和机身的网格生成方法。
总的来说,本文研究得到了一种以从IGES文件中提取数据信息为基础的前置处理方法。并以提取的某飞行器模型数据为例,完成了曲面重构、几何剖分和网格生成。结果表明,本文的方法成功地解决了将CAD输出的描述几何外形的数据转换成CFD计算所依据的几何外形数据的问题。对飞行器复杂外形设计,该方法有着广阔的应用前景,能够很好地满足工程设计的需要,可以作为“高超声速气动热快速计算系统”的不可或缺的一部分。
As CAD is applied widely in engineering, the method that converts the data, which define geometric configuration outputted by CAD software, to the data, which are required by CFD, is a problem that needs to be solved urgently. Combined with the team program“study on rapid computation of aerodynamic heating for hypersonic aircrafts based on IGES”, this thesis studies several significant questions of the preprocessing which is one of the crucial techniques in the program.
Firstly, the development and actuality about the preprocessing technique for complex configuration are analyzed systematically. On this basis, the research subject is confirmed. This paper presents a method how to get the useful data from an IGES file and do preconditioning with the data.
The whole organizational structure of IGES files, the function of each segment and their relations are studied. The data rule of geometrical information in IGES is analyzed. Then the appropriate data memory structure is established, and the method how to get the useful data from an IGES file is given. On this basis, the IGES data interface is designed. The data in IGES file could be extracted and transformed.
On the basis of analyzing the mathematics theory and geometry definition about NURBS surface, the discrete reconstruction of common surface models is realized, and the algorithms for the intersection between surface and plane are given. Based on the geometric operation of the data information, this paper makes a pilot study about the methods of the grid generation for an aircraft according to the characteristic of the flow field for hypersonic aircrafts and the request of the numerical simulation.
On the whole, a method that extracts and deals with useful data from an IGES file is given in this paper. Based on the data of certain aircraft model, surface reconstruction, geometry section and grid generation are accomplished. The result indicates that the method solves the problem that converts the data, which define geometric configuration outputted by CAD software, to the data, which are required by CFD. For the aircraft configuration design, this method is viable and has wide engineering application domain. The work in this paper is a significant part of“rapid computation system for hypersonic aerodynamic heating”.
首先,对复杂外形前置处理技术的国内外发展现状进行系统的分析、归类和整理,明确了符合目前发展趋势的研究方案,即以从IGES文件中提取数据信息为基础的前置处理方案。
剖析了IGES文件的整体组织结构、各部分的作用以及它们之间的相互联系,分析了数据文件中几何信息的数据封装原理,建立了适当的数据存储结构,给出了提取数据信息的流程。在此基础上设计了IGES数据接口,实现了对IGES文件数据的提取与转化。
分析了NURBES方法的数学原理,实现了IGES中常用曲面模型的离散重构。针对IGES中的曲面模型,研究了曲面与平面求交的算法。并以几何处理的数据信息为基础,根据超声速飞行器绕流流场的特点和数值模拟的要求,初步研究了头部和机身的网格生成方法。
总的来说,本文研究得到了一种以从IGES文件中提取数据信息为基础的前置处理方法。并以提取的某飞行器模型数据为例,完成了曲面重构、几何剖分和网格生成。结果表明,本文的方法成功地解决了将CAD输出的描述几何外形的数据转换成CFD计算所依据的几何外形数据的问题。对飞行器复杂外形设计,该方法有着广阔的应用前景,能够很好地满足工程设计的需要,可以作为“高超声速气动热快速计算系统”的不可或缺的一部分。
As CAD is applied widely in engineering, the method that converts the data, which define geometric configuration outputted by CAD software, to the data, which are required by CFD, is a problem that needs to be solved urgently. Combined with the team program“study on rapid computation of aerodynamic heating for hypersonic aircrafts based on IGES”, this thesis studies several significant questions of the preprocessing which is one of the crucial techniques in the program.
Firstly, the development and actuality about the preprocessing technique for complex configuration are analyzed systematically. On this basis, the research subject is confirmed. This paper presents a method how to get the useful data from an IGES file and do preconditioning with the data.
The whole organizational structure of IGES files, the function of each segment and their relations are studied. The data rule of geometrical information in IGES is analyzed. Then the appropriate data memory structure is established, and the method how to get the useful data from an IGES file is given. On this basis, the IGES data interface is designed. The data in IGES file could be extracted and transformed.
On the basis of analyzing the mathematics theory and geometry definition about NURBS surface, the discrete reconstruction of common surface models is realized, and the algorithms for the intersection between surface and plane are given. Based on the geometric operation of the data information, this paper makes a pilot study about the methods of the grid generation for an aircraft according to the characteristic of the flow field for hypersonic aircrafts and the request of the numerical simulation.
On the whole, a method that extracts and deals with useful data from an IGES file is given in this paper. Based on the data of certain aircraft model, surface reconstruction, geometry section and grid generation are accomplished. The result indicates that the method solves the problem that converts the data, which define geometric configuration outputted by CAD software, to the data, which are required by CFD. For the aircraft configuration design, this method is viable and has wide engineering application domain. The work in this paper is a significant part of“rapid computation system for hypersonic aerodynamic heating”.
引文
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[2]Gnoffo P A,An Upwind-Biased Point-Implicit Relaxation Algorithm for Viscous,Compressible Perfect Gas Flows,NASA TP-2953,1990.
[3]DeJarnette F R,Hamilton H H,Inviscid Surface Streamlines and Heat Transfer on Shuttle-Type Configurations,Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,1973,(6):314~321.
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[18]张辉,宋双柱,孙大松,CAID系统IGES接口程序设计,2002,7(2):19~21。
[19]王英姿,IGES文件中裁剪曲面的剖析及正确显示方法,2005,(5):150~154。
[20]刘伟,侯新宇,温浩,基于IGES接口的电磁计算模型数据交互,2007,28(2):465,466,470。
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[34]谭建荣,卓守鹏,宗晔,基于半空间性质的函数曲面与自由曲面求交算法,浙江大学学报(自然科学版),1992,26(4):435~439。
[35]张和明,柯映林,程耀东,参数曲面与平面求交的一种新方法,工程图学学报,1995(2):31~37。
[36]张和明,张玉云,熊光楞等,参数曲面与平面的精确求交及其应用,机械工程学报,1997,33(5):31~36。
[37]冉瑞江,王亚平,唐荣锡,隐式曲面/参数曲面的求交算法,计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1995,7(2):81~86。
[38]李平,王琨琦,二次曲线求交的交叉迭代法研究,机床与液压,2003,(4):251~253。
[39]张明霞,纪卓尚,林焰,NURBS曲面与隐式曲面求交的计算机实现及应用,中国造船,2002,43(3):94~98。
[40]杨益梅,谌炎辉,常用代数曲面求交新算法,机械制造与研究,2006,35(1):41~ 43 ,47。
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[43]Thompson J F,Weatherill N P,Aspects of numerical grid generation,current science and art,AIAA 93-3539.
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[45]Peace D G,Stanley S A,Martin Jr F W,et al,Development of a large scale Chimera grid system for the space shuttle launch vehicle,AIAA 93-0533.
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[2]Gnoffo P A,An Upwind-Biased Point-Implicit Relaxation Algorithm for Viscous,Compressible Perfect Gas Flows,NASA TP-2953,1990.
[3]DeJarnette F R,Hamilton H H,Inviscid Surface Streamlines and Heat Transfer on Shuttle-Type Configurations,Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,1973,(6):314~321.
[4]方磊,基于流线跟踪法的气动热工程计算研究,[硕士学位论文],江苏南京,南京航空航天大学,2008。
[5]IGES Organization,Initial Graphics Exchange Specification(Version 5.1),USA,ISO,1991.
[6]张守仁,IGES及其处理程序,计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1990,(2):63~68。
[7]Grabowski,et al,IGES Model Comparison System,A tool for testing and validating IGES Processes,IEEE Comp.Graph.Appl,1987, 7(11):47~57.
[8]Ho,C.Y.,Shyh-Dong&Yang,et al,IGES and PDES,The current status of product data exchange standard,Computer Integrated Manufacturing,1988.
[9]Basu D,Kumar S S,Importing Mesh Entities Through IGES/PDES,Advances in Engeering Software,1995,23(3):151~161.
[10]国家技术监督局,GB/ T 14213-1993,初始图形交换规范,中华人民共和国国家标准,中国标准出版社,1993。
[11]易红,王先逵,IGES在CAD与CAPP集成中的应用,1993,(4):14~17。
[12]来新民,张大卫,文亚昕,IGES接口的开发及被测曲面重构初探,1996,25(3):18~24。
[13]刘德智,董金祥,何志均,基于曲面模型的IGES前后置处理器的设计,计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1999,11(2):100~103。
[14]吴春燕,刘向阳,李培忠,IGES文件的研究和转换,工程建设与设计,1993,155(3):26~28。
[15]余心宏,吴向阳,基于IGES的数据交换接口实现,计算机工程与应用,2002:133~134。
[16]柏丙军,宋小文,高斌等,基于IGES的三维图形浏览器,计算机工程与应用,2002:126~128。
[17]冉红强,郑国强,基于模型转换的IGES后处理器开发,工程图学学报,2003,(4):44~49。
[18]张辉,宋双柱,孙大松,CAID系统IGES接口程序设计,2002,7(2):19~21。
[19]王英姿,IGES文件中裁剪曲面的剖析及正确显示方法,2005,(5):150~154。
[20]刘伟,侯新宇,温浩,基于IGES接口的电磁计算模型数据交互,2007,28(2):465,466,470。
[21]Ferguson,J.C.,Multivariable Curve Interpolation,Journal ACM,1964,11(2):221~228.
[22]Coons,S.A.,Surfaces for Computer-Aided Design of Space Figures,M.I.T.MAC-M-255,1964.
[23]Schoenberg I,On spline function,In Shisha O.ed Inequalities,Academic press,NewYork,1967.
[24]Bezier P E,Numerical control-Mathematics and applications,Forrest trans,Wiley,London,1972.
[25]de Boor C,A practical gurde to splines,Springer-Verlag,1978.
[26]Gordon W J,Riesenfeld R F,B-spline curves and surfaces,academic press,1974.
[27]Versprille K J,Computer aided design application of rational B-spline approximation form,[PhD thesis],Syracuse,Syracuse Univ.,1975.
[28]Piegl L,Tiller W,Curve and surface constructions using rational B-splines,CAD,1987,19(9).
[29]Farin G,Rational B-spline,N.Y.,Spriner-Verlag,1991.
[30]Randy B,David A F,Intersection of parametric surface and a plane,IEEE CG&A,1984,(8):48~51.
[31]Barnhill R E,Kersey S N,A marching method for parametric surface/ surface intersection, CAGD,1990,(7):257~280.
[32]Market P,Magedson R L,Procedural method for evaluating the intersection curves of two parametric surfaces,CAD,1991,23(6):395~403.
[33]Grand Ineta,Klein,A new approach to the surface intersection problem,Computer A ided Geometric Design,1997,(14):111~134.
[34]谭建荣,卓守鹏,宗晔,基于半空间性质的函数曲面与自由曲面求交算法,浙江大学学报(自然科学版),1992,26(4):435~439。
[35]张和明,柯映林,程耀东,参数曲面与平面求交的一种新方法,工程图学学报,1995(2):31~37。
[36]张和明,张玉云,熊光楞等,参数曲面与平面的精确求交及其应用,机械工程学报,1997,33(5):31~36。
[37]冉瑞江,王亚平,唐荣锡,隐式曲面/参数曲面的求交算法,计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1995,7(2):81~86。
[38]李平,王琨琦,二次曲线求交的交叉迭代法研究,机床与液压,2003,(4):251~253。
[39]张明霞,纪卓尚,林焰,NURBS曲面与隐式曲面求交的计算机实现及应用,中国造船,2002,43(3):94~98。
[40]杨益梅,谌炎辉,常用代数曲面求交新算法,机械制造与研究,2006,35(1):41~ 43 ,47。
[41]Thompson J F,General curvilinear coordinate system,Appl Math Comput,1982,10(11):1~30.
[42]Thompson J F,Warisi Z U A,Mastin C W,Numerical Grid Generation,Elsevier Science Publshing Co.,1985.
[43]Thompson J F,Weatherill N P,Aspects of numerical grid generation,current science and art,AIAA 93-3539.
[44]Akdag V,Wulf A,Integrated geometry and grid generation system for complex configurations,NASA CP 3143,1992.
[45]Peace D G,Stanley S A,Martin Jr F W,et al,Development of a large scale Chimera grid system for the space shuttle launch vehicle,AIAA 93-0533.
[46]Dominik,Wisneski J,Rajagopal K,et al,Grid generation of a high fidelity complex multibody space shuttle mated vehicle,AIAA 93-0432.
[47]朱自强,吴子牛,李津等,应用计算流体力学,北京,北京航空航天出版社,1998。
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