东海西湖凹陷区溢油行为与归宿数值模拟
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摘要
研究东中国海中日共同开发区附近海域溢油污染的问题,在模拟水动力场的基础上模拟了海上溢油漂移扩散情况。在表层流场和风场的作用下漂移,而油膜的扩展则通过油粒子的随机走动来实现。本文以东海西湖凹陷原油为溢油油种,通过模拟分析不同季节和不同风况下的溢油事故,对溢油油膜的扫海范围进行了分析。
具体研究内容和结果如下:
1.通过收集2006年夏季、2007年冬季的卫星风场资料,进行统计分析,得出两个季节的主导风向和风速范围。
2.通过FVCOM模式,模拟了2006年夏季和2007年冬季东中国海的水动力场,并通过和实测资料进行了分析验证。
3.通过收集和学习相关文献,对油粒子法第一阶段进行了修正和改进,不再按照完全湍流扩散处理,并加入了风摩擦应力对油膜的拉伸作用。
4.采用油粒子法模拟了2006年夏季和2007年冬季两季不同风况、不同溢油量情况下,油膜的漂移轨迹、扩展面积、蒸发量和溶解量。对不同风速风向下溢油油膜到岸的可能地点和时间进行了模拟分析。
5.给出2000-2002年研究海域的渔业资源的总量密度情况以及溢油的影响分析,可作为该地区的生态资源损害的评估的一种参考。
6.通过对数十年来溢油模型式、海洋气象模式和水动力模式的发展状况进行分析判断,对未来溢油预报模式的发展进行了展望。
An oil particle-tracing model was built to simulate the pollution of oil spill in east China sea . Based on the tidal-current numerical simulation, oil-spill drifting was simulated. The model dispersed the oil slick into a lot of oil particles, and each of them represented certain quantity of oil. The transport was driven by the surface-layer current and wind. And the spreading of the slick can be simulated through the random-walking of oil particles. In order to simulate the oil slick drifting track and sweeping range, the crude oil from Xihu Trough is chosen as oil-spill kind under different wind situation in different seasons.
My research content and result for detail :
1. By collecting the satellite sea surface wind field data of East China Sea, given seasonal time period of the dominant wind direction and wind speed in the simulated area.
2. Simulated the current of East China Sea in our aimed time period, using FVCOM. Verified the simulation by comparing with the surveying current date of East China Sea.
3. By collecting some related data and documents, we do some improvement on the oil-particle method .We added wind-stretching effect into the first period of oil-slick expending instead of using total turbulence treatment.
4. Simulated oil-spills in 2006 and 2007 seasons under different wind conditions and different oil volume ; oil slick area、residual volume and oil-dissolved were calculated. Analyzed the possible point and time of oil slick landing.
5. Make an analysis of the fishery resource density in different season of the East China Sea from 2000 to 2002 and how the oil spill effect the fishery resource. This analysis may give some support to the assessment of oil spill damage.
6. By summarizing the development of oil spill model、weather forecast model and ocean model in the past few decades, we made a forecast of oil forecast model in the near future.
具体研究内容和结果如下:
1.通过收集2006年夏季、2007年冬季的卫星风场资料,进行统计分析,得出两个季节的主导风向和风速范围。
2.通过FVCOM模式,模拟了2006年夏季和2007年冬季东中国海的水动力场,并通过和实测资料进行了分析验证。
3.通过收集和学习相关文献,对油粒子法第一阶段进行了修正和改进,不再按照完全湍流扩散处理,并加入了风摩擦应力对油膜的拉伸作用。
4.采用油粒子法模拟了2006年夏季和2007年冬季两季不同风况、不同溢油量情况下,油膜的漂移轨迹、扩展面积、蒸发量和溶解量。对不同风速风向下溢油油膜到岸的可能地点和时间进行了模拟分析。
5.给出2000-2002年研究海域的渔业资源的总量密度情况以及溢油的影响分析,可作为该地区的生态资源损害的评估的一种参考。
6.通过对数十年来溢油模型式、海洋气象模式和水动力模式的发展状况进行分析判断,对未来溢油预报模式的发展进行了展望。
An oil particle-tracing model was built to simulate the pollution of oil spill in east China sea . Based on the tidal-current numerical simulation, oil-spill drifting was simulated. The model dispersed the oil slick into a lot of oil particles, and each of them represented certain quantity of oil. The transport was driven by the surface-layer current and wind. And the spreading of the slick can be simulated through the random-walking of oil particles. In order to simulate the oil slick drifting track and sweeping range, the crude oil from Xihu Trough is chosen as oil-spill kind under different wind situation in different seasons.
My research content and result for detail :
1. By collecting the satellite sea surface wind field data of East China Sea, given seasonal time period of the dominant wind direction and wind speed in the simulated area.
2. Simulated the current of East China Sea in our aimed time period, using FVCOM. Verified the simulation by comparing with the surveying current date of East China Sea.
3. By collecting some related data and documents, we do some improvement on the oil-particle method .We added wind-stretching effect into the first period of oil-slick expending instead of using total turbulence treatment.
4. Simulated oil-spills in 2006 and 2007 seasons under different wind conditions and different oil volume ; oil slick area、residual volume and oil-dissolved were calculated. Analyzed the possible point and time of oil slick landing.
5. Make an analysis of the fishery resource density in different season of the East China Sea from 2000 to 2002 and how the oil spill effect the fishery resource. This analysis may give some support to the assessment of oil spill damage.
6. By summarizing the development of oil spill model、weather forecast model and ocean model in the past few decades, we made a forecast of oil forecast model in the near future.
引文
[1] TOMBROFF D,OZER J. A 3-D model for the transport, spreading and aging of oil spilled sea,MUMM’s Participation to the PARCEL Project[R], Enland:Final Report,1995.
[2]娄厦,刘曙光溢油模型理论及研究综述环境科学与管理[J],2008,33(10):33-37
[3]严志宇,熊德琪,段佩海.海上溢油风化模型评述[J].大连海事大学学报,2001,27(4):36-38.
[4]贾健谊,须雪豪,孙伯强.东海西湖凹陷原油与天然气的地球化学特征[J].海洋石油,2002,2:1-7.
[5]王发君,海域湍流扩散系数的确定[J].海洋通报,1992,11(2): 9-12
[6]罗霞,马启敏,张传松.短期风华作用下轻质原油化学组成的变化[J].海洋环境科学, 2008, 27(2): 173-177.
[7]严志宇,殷佩海.溢油风化过程研究进展[J].海洋环境科学, 2000,19 (1):75-80.
[8]徐恒振,周传光,马永安,等.甾烷作为溢油指示物(或指标)的研究[J].海洋环境科学, 2002,21(1): 14-20.
[9]张存智,窦振兴,韩康.三维溢油动态预报模式[J].海洋环境科学,1997, 16(1):22-29.
[10]娄安刚,吴德星,王学昌,等.三维海洋溢油预测模型的建立[J].青岛海洋大学学报, 2001,31(4):473-479.
[11] STIVER W,MACKAY D.Evaporation rate of spills of hydrocarbons and petroleum mixtures. Environ Sci Technol,1984,18:834-840
[12] Mackay D.Development and application of damage assessment modeling:Example assessment for the North Cape oil spil1,Marine Pollution Bulletin,2003,47(9-12):341-359
[13]冯士筰,李凤岐,李少菁.海洋科学导论[M].北京,高等教育出版社,1999.6.
[14] Lehr W J, Cekirge H M, Fraga J, et al.Empirical studies of the spreading of oil spills[J].Oil and Petro chemical Pollution, 1984, 2: 7-12.
[15] Lehr W J, 1996. Progress in oil spread modeling[R]. Ottawa, Canada: Proceedings of the Nineteenth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar. Environment Canada, 1996, 889-894.
[2]娄厦,刘曙光溢油模型理论及研究综述环境科学与管理[J],2008,33(10):33-37
[3]严志宇,熊德琪,段佩海.海上溢油风化模型评述[J].大连海事大学学报,2001,27(4):36-38.
[4]贾健谊,须雪豪,孙伯强.东海西湖凹陷原油与天然气的地球化学特征[J].海洋石油,2002,2:1-7.
[5]王发君,海域湍流扩散系数的确定[J].海洋通报,1992,11(2): 9-12
[6]罗霞,马启敏,张传松.短期风华作用下轻质原油化学组成的变化[J].海洋环境科学, 2008, 27(2): 173-177.
[7]严志宇,殷佩海.溢油风化过程研究进展[J].海洋环境科学, 2000,19 (1):75-80.
[8]徐恒振,周传光,马永安,等.甾烷作为溢油指示物(或指标)的研究[J].海洋环境科学, 2002,21(1): 14-20.
[9]张存智,窦振兴,韩康.三维溢油动态预报模式[J].海洋环境科学,1997, 16(1):22-29.
[10]娄安刚,吴德星,王学昌,等.三维海洋溢油预测模型的建立[J].青岛海洋大学学报, 2001,31(4):473-479.
[11] STIVER W,MACKAY D.Evaporation rate of spills of hydrocarbons and petroleum mixtures. Environ Sci Technol,1984,18:834-840
[12] Mackay D.Development and application of damage assessment modeling:Example assessment for the North Cape oil spil1,Marine Pollution Bulletin,2003,47(9-12):341-359
[13]冯士筰,李凤岐,李少菁.海洋科学导论[M].北京,高等教育出版社,1999.6.
[14] Lehr W J, Cekirge H M, Fraga J, et al.Empirical studies of the spreading of oil spills[J].Oil and Petro chemical Pollution, 1984, 2: 7-12.
[15] Lehr W J, 1996. Progress in oil spread modeling[R]. Ottawa, Canada: Proceedings of the Nineteenth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar. Environment Canada, 1996, 889-894.