铁山湾海域潮流及风浪数值模拟研究
摘要
铁山湾海域的潮流和风浪等问题既与近岸的人们联系紧密又与该海域的港口建设密切相关。开展该海域的研究工作，对铁山湾港口建设、海岸防护及补充南海海域研究内容等方面都具有重要的实际意义。本文结合铁山湾港口规划方案，综合应用FVCOM模型与SWAN模型的优势，研究了铁山湾港口规划方案实施前后铁山湾海域潮流及风浪变化情况。
首先，本文基于FVCOM模型建立了铁山湾海域三维潮流数学模型，分析了工程前后铁山湾整体海域的潮流总体特征，讨论了工程前后工程区在大、中、小潮高潮位与低潮位的潮位变化情况和在涨落急时刻的表层流速变化情况、不同水深的流速分布特征。三维潮流数值模拟结果表明工程方案对铁山湾海域的潮位和流场影响不大。工程实施后，该区域潮位变化不大，高潮位均略有抬升，低潮位则略有下降。涨急、落急流速总体略为减小，但涨潮流速较小、落潮流速较大的变化规律没有发生改变。
随后，本文基于SWAN模型建立了铁山湾海域风浪模型，分别考虑了风向、风速和重现期的不同组合条件，对工程前后铁山湾海域的风浪特征进行了数值模拟研究，得到了该海域的波浪场分布结果，分析了工程前后的波浪变化情况，并对工程后各港区、航道处的波浪特征进行了分析，讨论了各港区的泊稳情况。风浪数值模拟结果表明S-SSW向引起的波浪强度最大，SE-SSE和SW-WSW次之，E-ESE和W-WNW影响相对较小，人工岛对工程区起到了很好的掩护作用。
从潮流及风浪数值研究的角度上看，该海域的建港条件较好，建港方案可行，工程方案对铁山湾海域的潮流及风浪特征影响不大。本文为该海域的港口开发建设和近岸活动提供了一定的科学依据，增加了南海海域的水动力特性研究内容。
Tidal currents, wind waves and other issues are closely related with coastal people andharbor construction in Tieshan Bay. Carrying out these research works on this area may haveimportant practical significance on harbor construction and coastal protection in Tieshan Bay,and would supplement research content of South China Sea. To evaluate the changes of tidalcurrent and wind waves influenced by harbor construction in Tieshan Bay, this thesis takeadvantages of FVCOM model and SWAN model.
Firstly, three-dimensional tidal mathematical model has been established based onFVCOM model in this thesis. The trend of the general characteristics influenced by harborconstruction in Tieshan Bay has been analyzed. The changes of tidal level has been discussedwhich impacted by harbor construction at high water level and low water level of spring tide,middle tide and low tide in engineering district. The variation of surface velocity and velocitydistribution characteristics of different depths at flood fast tide time and ebb fast tide timewere also been explored. Three dimensional numerical simulations of tidal current resultssuggest that harbor construction has little effect on tidal level and tidal current field in TieshanBay. Conclusively, tidal level varied a little in the region and the velocity decreased slightly ingeneral at flood fast tide time and ebb fast tide time after the implementation of the project.High water level increased slightly. On the contrary, low water level decreased slightly. Butthe regulation of velocity of ebb current is larger than velocity of flood current has not beenaltered.
Then, based on SWAN model, the Tieshan Bay’s wind waves model has been establishedwhich respectively considered different combination conditions of wind direction, wind speedand recurrence period. Wind waves field distribution results have obtained by numericalsimulating Tieshan Bay’s wind waves. Wind waves variation tendency influenced by harborconstruction and the characteristics of wind waves at different docklands or channels havebeen analyzed. Besides, berthing stability at different docklands has been discussed.Numerical simulation results show that the S-SSW waves to the greatest cause of the waveintensity, SE-SSE and SW-WSW second, E-ESE and W-WNW relatively small. The artificialisland of the project has played a very good cover role.
From the results of numerical simulation for tidal current and wind waves in Tieshan Bay,this area is suitable for harbor construction and the harbor planning project is feasible. Afterthe implementation of harbor construction project in Tieshan Bay, the characteristics of tidalcurrent and waves would change a little. This thesis would provide some scientific basis toharbor construction and coastal activities, and may increase the study of hydrodynamiccharacteristics in South China Sea.
首先，本文基于FVCOM模型建立了铁山湾海域三维潮流数学模型，分析了工程前后铁山湾整体海域的潮流总体特征，讨论了工程前后工程区在大、中、小潮高潮位与低潮位的潮位变化情况和在涨落急时刻的表层流速变化情况、不同水深的流速分布特征。三维潮流数值模拟结果表明工程方案对铁山湾海域的潮位和流场影响不大。工程实施后，该区域潮位变化不大，高潮位均略有抬升，低潮位则略有下降。涨急、落急流速总体略为减小，但涨潮流速较小、落潮流速较大的变化规律没有发生改变。
随后，本文基于SWAN模型建立了铁山湾海域风浪模型，分别考虑了风向、风速和重现期的不同组合条件，对工程前后铁山湾海域的风浪特征进行了数值模拟研究，得到了该海域的波浪场分布结果，分析了工程前后的波浪变化情况，并对工程后各港区、航道处的波浪特征进行了分析，讨论了各港区的泊稳情况。风浪数值模拟结果表明S-SSW向引起的波浪强度最大，SE-SSE和SW-WSW次之，E-ESE和W-WNW影响相对较小，人工岛对工程区起到了很好的掩护作用。
从潮流及风浪数值研究的角度上看，该海域的建港条件较好，建港方案可行，工程方案对铁山湾海域的潮流及风浪特征影响不大。本文为该海域的港口开发建设和近岸活动提供了一定的科学依据，增加了南海海域的水动力特性研究内容。
Tidal currents, wind waves and other issues are closely related with coastal people andharbor construction in Tieshan Bay. Carrying out these research works on this area may haveimportant practical significance on harbor construction and coastal protection in Tieshan Bay,and would supplement research content of South China Sea. To evaluate the changes of tidalcurrent and wind waves influenced by harbor construction in Tieshan Bay, this thesis takeadvantages of FVCOM model and SWAN model.
Firstly, three-dimensional tidal mathematical model has been established based onFVCOM model in this thesis. The trend of the general characteristics influenced by harborconstruction in Tieshan Bay has been analyzed. The changes of tidal level has been discussedwhich impacted by harbor construction at high water level and low water level of spring tide,middle tide and low tide in engineering district. The variation of surface velocity and velocitydistribution characteristics of different depths at flood fast tide time and ebb fast tide timewere also been explored. Three dimensional numerical simulations of tidal current resultssuggest that harbor construction has little effect on tidal level and tidal current field in TieshanBay. Conclusively, tidal level varied a little in the region and the velocity decreased slightly ingeneral at flood fast tide time and ebb fast tide time after the implementation of the project.High water level increased slightly. On the contrary, low water level decreased slightly. Butthe regulation of velocity of ebb current is larger than velocity of flood current has not beenaltered.
Then, based on SWAN model, the Tieshan Bay’s wind waves model has been establishedwhich respectively considered different combination conditions of wind direction, wind speedand recurrence period. Wind waves field distribution results have obtained by numericalsimulating Tieshan Bay’s wind waves. Wind waves variation tendency influenced by harborconstruction and the characteristics of wind waves at different docklands or channels havebeen analyzed. Besides, berthing stability at different docklands has been discussed.Numerical simulation results show that the S-SSW waves to the greatest cause of the waveintensity, SE-SSE and SW-WSW second, E-ESE and W-WNW relatively small. The artificialisland of the project has played a very good cover role.
From the results of numerical simulation for tidal current and wind waves in Tieshan Bay,this area is suitable for harbor construction and the harbor planning project is feasible. Afterthe implementation of harbor construction project in Tieshan Bay, the characteristics of tidalcurrent and waves would change a little. This thesis would provide some scientific basis toharbor construction and coastal activities, and may increase the study of hydrodynamiccharacteristics in South China Sea.
引文
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