低氧胁迫下γ-氨基丁酸对甜瓜种子萌发及幼苗氨基酸代谢的影响
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摘要
在无土栽培中,营养液供养不足或基质根垫的形成均会造成低氧胁迫,影响植株正常生长发育,成为困扰无土栽培技术大规模应用于生产的限制因子,提高作物在低氧胁迫下的耐性和抗性对无土栽培生产具有重大意义。γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)是一种四碳非蛋白质氨基酸,广泛存在于细菌、植物和脊椎动物中。在植物生理代谢过程中,GABA能够调节细胞质pH值,氧化胁迫下抑制活性氧中间产物的积累,通过干扰害虫的正常发育来防御害虫,起信号转导和渗透调节作用,并能诱导乙烯合成。
在低氧胁迫条件下,研究了外源GABA对甜瓜种子萌发、种子萌发后生长和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明:低氧胁迫下,甜瓜种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽后种子的胚根长、胚轴长、抗氧化酶活性显著低,MDA含量显著升高;而外源GABA能显著提高甜瓜种子的发芽率、发芽势和芽苗的胚根长、胚轴长、抗氧化酶活性, MDA含量显著降低。表明外源GABA通过促进抗氧化酶活性的提高,降低了低氧胁迫下植株体内ROS含量,增强植株的耐低氧的能力。
本试验采用营养液水培方法,研究了低氧胁迫下外源GABA对甜瓜幼苗内源氨基酸含量、GABA支路中代谢酶活性和幼苗生长、光合作用、叶绿素荧光参数的影响,探讨了根际低氧胁迫下外源GABA对甜瓜幼苗氨基酸代谢途径和光合作用的影响机理,为寻找缓解作物无土栽培中低氧胁迫伤害的有效措施提供理论依据。
结果表明:低氧胁迫能显著提高甜瓜幼苗体内GABA、谷氨酸含量和GAD活性;外源GABA能显著提高正常通气条件下和低氧胁迫下甜瓜幼苗体内GABA含量,降低谷氨酸含量和GAD活性;而VGB能显著降低低氧胁迫下添加外源GABA条件下甜瓜幼苗体内GABA、谷氨酸含量和GAD活性。
低氧胁迫导致甜瓜幼苗体内α-酮戊二酸含量下降,GDH、GOGAT和GS活性升高;而外源GABA能显著降低正常通气条件下甜瓜幼苗体内α-酮戊二酸含量和GS活性,提高GDH活性,显著提高低氧胁迫下幼苗体内α-酮戊二酸含量和GDH活性,降低GOGAT和GS活性;VGB能显著降低低氧胁迫下添加外源GABA条件下甜瓜幼苗体内GDH活性,提高α-酮戊二酸含量及GOGAT和GS活性。
低氧胁迫能显著提高甜瓜幼苗体内丙酮酸、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸含量和ALT、ASP活性;外源GABA能显著提高正常通气条件下甜瓜幼苗体内丙酮酸、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸含量,而降低ALT和ASP活性;显著降低低氧胁迫下丙酮酸含量和ALT、ASP活性,提高丙氨酸和天冬氨酸含量;VGB能显著提高丙酮酸含量和ALT、ASP活性,降低丙氨酸和天冬氨酸含量。
低氧胁迫显著提高脯氨酸含量,降低精氨酸、组氨酸等其他12种氨基酸含量;外源GABA能显著提高正常通气条件下甜瓜幼苗体内脯氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸等其他13种氨基酸含量和低氧胁迫下脯氨酸、精氨酸、丝氨酸等11种氨基酸含量,降低低氧胁迫下组氨酸含量;而VGB能显著降低外源GABA对低氧胁迫下幼苗体内氨基酸含量的提高效果。
低氧胁迫导致甜瓜幼苗植株的生长受到抑制,光合色素含量显著下降,光合作用降低;外源GABA能显著促进幼苗生长,提高正常通气和低氧胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的光合色素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)、CO_2羧化效率(CE)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)和PSⅡ光合电子传递量子效率(ΦPSⅡ),而气孔限制值(Ls)、初始荧光(Fo)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)显著降低,GABA在低氧胁迫下的提高效果更明显;同时添加GABA和GABA转氨酶抑制剂γ-乙烯基-γ-氨基丁酸(VGB)处理显著降低了低氧胁迫下GABA对甜瓜幼苗生长和光合特性的缓解效果。
In soilless culture, hypoxia stress come into appearance as a result of insufficient oxygen supply or root-cushion formation, which influences the normal growth and development of melon seedling. Now hypoxia stress has become a bottle neck of soilless culture application to large area production. Therefore, inproving the hypoxia tolerance of crops plays a vital role in soilless culture.γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid conserved from bacteria to plants and vertebrates. In plant physiological metabolism process , GABA can regulate cytosolic pH, limit the accumulation of reactive oxygen intermediates under oxidative stress conditions, deter insect feeding by means of interferes with the normal development of insects, have the role of signal transduction and osmotic adjustment, and induce synthesis of ethylene.
The effects of exogenous GABA on the seed germination and growth active oxygen metabolism after seed germination were studied under hypoxia stress.The results show that germination and radicle length, hypoxotyl length, activity of antioxidant enzymes after seed germination significant decreased, and content of MDA increased under hypoxia. Applying GABA could significantly increase the ermination rate, germination and radicle length, hypoxotyl length, activity of antioxidant enzymes after seed germination, and decrease the content of MDA. It indicted that GABA treatment of exogenous spraying to leaves can increased the activities of antioxidant enzyme under hypoxia stress, which played an important role in enhancing the resistance to hypoxia stress of melon seedlings through keeping low ROS contents.
By the method of hydroponic culture, this paper studied the effects of exogenous GABA on the endogenous amino acids content, enzyme activity in GABA shunt, growth, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of melon seedlings under hypoxia stress. Impact mechanism of growth , photosynthesis and path of amino acid metabolism under hypoxia were preliminarily elucidated. Soilless culture of plants in search of relief of hypoxia stress injury and effective measures to provide a theoretical basis.
The results show that there is a significant increase the content of GABA, glutamic acid and activity of GAD under hypoxia stress. Applying GABA could significantly increase GABA content, decrease glutamic acid content and the activity of GAD under control and hypoxia. GABA and glutamic acid content and activity of GAD decreased under application of GABA and VGB simultaneously.
Hypoxia stress induced a significant decrease the content ofα-ketoglutarate, the activity of GDH, GOGAT and GS increased. Applying GABA could significantly decreaseα-ketoglutarate content and the activity of GS, increase the activity of GDH, and increaseα-ketoglutarate content, the activity of GDH, and decrease activity of GOGAT and GS. The activity of GDH increased,α-ketoglutarate content and the activity of GOGAT and GS under application of GABA and VGB simultaneously under hypoxia stress.
There is a significant increase content of pyruvate, alanine, aspartate and the activity of ALT and ASP under hypoxia. Applying GABA could significantly increase pyruvate, alanine, aspartate content, the activity of ALT and ASP decreased under control, and decrease pyruvate content, the activity of ALT and ASP, increase content of alanine and aspartate under hypoxia stress. Content of pyruvate and the activity of ALT and ASP increased, decrease alanine and aspartate content under application of GABA and VGB simultaneously under hypoxia stress.
Hypoxia stress could increase Proline content, decrease Arginine, Histidine etal other 12 kinds of amino acid content of seedlings significantly. Applying GABA could significantly increase Proline, Arginine, Histidine etal other 13 kind of amino acid content of seedlings under control, Proline, Arginine, Serine etal other 11 kinds of amino acid content of seedlings, and decrease Histidine content under hypoxia stress. However, simultaneously applying GABA and VGB could significantly decrease the alleviation effect of amino acid content of GABA under hypoxia stress.
Hypoxia stress induced inhibition of the growth of plants, and a significant decrease of photosynthetic pigment contents, resulting in the decrease of photosynthesis. Applying GABA could significantly promote seedlings growth and increase the photosynthetic pigment contents, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) , stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO_2 concentration (Ci), carboxylation efficiency (CE), maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching (qP), apparent photosynthetic electron transfer rate (ETR), and quantum yield of PSⅡelectron transport (ΦPSⅡ), and decrease the stomatal limitation value (Ls), minimal fluorescence (Fo), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), under both hypoxic and normal conditions. The alleviation effect of GABA on photosynthetic characteristics was more obvious under hypoxia stress. However, simultaneously applying GABA and VGB could significantly decrease the alleviation effect of GABA under hypoxia stress.
在低氧胁迫条件下,研究了外源GABA对甜瓜种子萌发、种子萌发后生长和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明:低氧胁迫下,甜瓜种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽后种子的胚根长、胚轴长、抗氧化酶活性显著低,MDA含量显著升高;而外源GABA能显著提高甜瓜种子的发芽率、发芽势和芽苗的胚根长、胚轴长、抗氧化酶活性, MDA含量显著降低。表明外源GABA通过促进抗氧化酶活性的提高,降低了低氧胁迫下植株体内ROS含量,增强植株的耐低氧的能力。
本试验采用营养液水培方法,研究了低氧胁迫下外源GABA对甜瓜幼苗内源氨基酸含量、GABA支路中代谢酶活性和幼苗生长、光合作用、叶绿素荧光参数的影响,探讨了根际低氧胁迫下外源GABA对甜瓜幼苗氨基酸代谢途径和光合作用的影响机理,为寻找缓解作物无土栽培中低氧胁迫伤害的有效措施提供理论依据。
结果表明:低氧胁迫能显著提高甜瓜幼苗体内GABA、谷氨酸含量和GAD活性;外源GABA能显著提高正常通气条件下和低氧胁迫下甜瓜幼苗体内GABA含量,降低谷氨酸含量和GAD活性;而VGB能显著降低低氧胁迫下添加外源GABA条件下甜瓜幼苗体内GABA、谷氨酸含量和GAD活性。
低氧胁迫导致甜瓜幼苗体内α-酮戊二酸含量下降,GDH、GOGAT和GS活性升高;而外源GABA能显著降低正常通气条件下甜瓜幼苗体内α-酮戊二酸含量和GS活性,提高GDH活性,显著提高低氧胁迫下幼苗体内α-酮戊二酸含量和GDH活性,降低GOGAT和GS活性;VGB能显著降低低氧胁迫下添加外源GABA条件下甜瓜幼苗体内GDH活性,提高α-酮戊二酸含量及GOGAT和GS活性。
低氧胁迫能显著提高甜瓜幼苗体内丙酮酸、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸含量和ALT、ASP活性;外源GABA能显著提高正常通气条件下甜瓜幼苗体内丙酮酸、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸含量,而降低ALT和ASP活性;显著降低低氧胁迫下丙酮酸含量和ALT、ASP活性,提高丙氨酸和天冬氨酸含量;VGB能显著提高丙酮酸含量和ALT、ASP活性,降低丙氨酸和天冬氨酸含量。
低氧胁迫显著提高脯氨酸含量,降低精氨酸、组氨酸等其他12种氨基酸含量;外源GABA能显著提高正常通气条件下甜瓜幼苗体内脯氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸等其他13种氨基酸含量和低氧胁迫下脯氨酸、精氨酸、丝氨酸等11种氨基酸含量,降低低氧胁迫下组氨酸含量;而VGB能显著降低外源GABA对低氧胁迫下幼苗体内氨基酸含量的提高效果。
低氧胁迫导致甜瓜幼苗植株的生长受到抑制,光合色素含量显著下降,光合作用降低;外源GABA能显著促进幼苗生长,提高正常通气和低氧胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的光合色素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)、CO_2羧化效率(CE)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)和PSⅡ光合电子传递量子效率(ΦPSⅡ),而气孔限制值(Ls)、初始荧光(Fo)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)显著降低,GABA在低氧胁迫下的提高效果更明显;同时添加GABA和GABA转氨酶抑制剂γ-乙烯基-γ-氨基丁酸(VGB)处理显著降低了低氧胁迫下GABA对甜瓜幼苗生长和光合特性的缓解效果。
In soilless culture, hypoxia stress come into appearance as a result of insufficient oxygen supply or root-cushion formation, which influences the normal growth and development of melon seedling. Now hypoxia stress has become a bottle neck of soilless culture application to large area production. Therefore, inproving the hypoxia tolerance of crops plays a vital role in soilless culture.γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid conserved from bacteria to plants and vertebrates. In plant physiological metabolism process , GABA can regulate cytosolic pH, limit the accumulation of reactive oxygen intermediates under oxidative stress conditions, deter insect feeding by means of interferes with the normal development of insects, have the role of signal transduction and osmotic adjustment, and induce synthesis of ethylene.
The effects of exogenous GABA on the seed germination and growth active oxygen metabolism after seed germination were studied under hypoxia stress.The results show that germination and radicle length, hypoxotyl length, activity of antioxidant enzymes after seed germination significant decreased, and content of MDA increased under hypoxia. Applying GABA could significantly increase the ermination rate, germination and radicle length, hypoxotyl length, activity of antioxidant enzymes after seed germination, and decrease the content of MDA. It indicted that GABA treatment of exogenous spraying to leaves can increased the activities of antioxidant enzyme under hypoxia stress, which played an important role in enhancing the resistance to hypoxia stress of melon seedlings through keeping low ROS contents.
By the method of hydroponic culture, this paper studied the effects of exogenous GABA on the endogenous amino acids content, enzyme activity in GABA shunt, growth, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of melon seedlings under hypoxia stress. Impact mechanism of growth , photosynthesis and path of amino acid metabolism under hypoxia were preliminarily elucidated. Soilless culture of plants in search of relief of hypoxia stress injury and effective measures to provide a theoretical basis.
The results show that there is a significant increase the content of GABA, glutamic acid and activity of GAD under hypoxia stress. Applying GABA could significantly increase GABA content, decrease glutamic acid content and the activity of GAD under control and hypoxia. GABA and glutamic acid content and activity of GAD decreased under application of GABA and VGB simultaneously.
Hypoxia stress induced a significant decrease the content ofα-ketoglutarate, the activity of GDH, GOGAT and GS increased. Applying GABA could significantly decreaseα-ketoglutarate content and the activity of GS, increase the activity of GDH, and increaseα-ketoglutarate content, the activity of GDH, and decrease activity of GOGAT and GS. The activity of GDH increased,α-ketoglutarate content and the activity of GOGAT and GS under application of GABA and VGB simultaneously under hypoxia stress.
There is a significant increase content of pyruvate, alanine, aspartate and the activity of ALT and ASP under hypoxia. Applying GABA could significantly increase pyruvate, alanine, aspartate content, the activity of ALT and ASP decreased under control, and decrease pyruvate content, the activity of ALT and ASP, increase content of alanine and aspartate under hypoxia stress. Content of pyruvate and the activity of ALT and ASP increased, decrease alanine and aspartate content under application of GABA and VGB simultaneously under hypoxia stress.
Hypoxia stress could increase Proline content, decrease Arginine, Histidine etal other 12 kinds of amino acid content of seedlings significantly. Applying GABA could significantly increase Proline, Arginine, Histidine etal other 13 kind of amino acid content of seedlings under control, Proline, Arginine, Serine etal other 11 kinds of amino acid content of seedlings, and decrease Histidine content under hypoxia stress. However, simultaneously applying GABA and VGB could significantly decrease the alleviation effect of amino acid content of GABA under hypoxia stress.
Hypoxia stress induced inhibition of the growth of plants, and a significant decrease of photosynthetic pigment contents, resulting in the decrease of photosynthesis. Applying GABA could significantly promote seedlings growth and increase the photosynthetic pigment contents, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) , stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO_2 concentration (Ci), carboxylation efficiency (CE), maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching (qP), apparent photosynthetic electron transfer rate (ETR), and quantum yield of PSⅡelectron transport (ΦPSⅡ), and decrease the stomatal limitation value (Ls), minimal fluorescence (Fo), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), under both hypoxic and normal conditions. The alleviation effect of GABA on photosynthetic characteristics was more obvious under hypoxia stress. However, simultaneously applying GABA and VGB could significantly decrease the alleviation effect of GABA under hypoxia stress.
引文
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