OFDMA-PON的调制技术与系统实现研究
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摘要
目前在主干网提速浪潮之下,位于网络末端而成为速率增长“瓶颈”的接入网也迎来了高速发展时期。随着10G无源光网络(10G-PON)的标准化和应用,下一代无源光网络版本二(NG-PON2)技术研究和标准化迫在眉睫。而其中OFDMA-PON技术也成为NG-PON2的主要解决方案。
光OFDM技术频谱效率高,接入距离长,能较好的对抗因色散带来的符号间干扰。而且其内在的子载波复用的结构也为信道资源的分配提供了另一种调度机制—子载波分配；另外,因同为OFDM调制方式,其天然存在着与WiMax, UWB, WiFi等的联系,带来卓越的兼容性。上述优势使得OFDMA-PON成为下一代宽带接入网的最佳候选方案。
本文针对OFDMA-PON中存在的问题与关键技术进行研究,主要是针对OFDMA-PON的调制技术和实现结构方面,取得的主要研究进展如下：
1. OFDMA-PON调制技术方面：
(1)节能型OFDMA-PON调制技术方案：提出基于ACO-OFDM的节能型的调制方案,同时进行了5Gb/s ACO-OFDM上行传输实验,并在此基础上提出基于2-ONU结构的ACO-OFDMA-PON框架,在功率不平衡,时延失配等方面进行深入研究。
(2)基于抑制峰均比的调制技术方案：提出基于恒包络最小频移键控正交频分复用调制方案,该方案抑制了CE-QPSK-OFDM和MSK-OFDM的固有缺陷,在100-Kmm传输的情况下,达到FEC极限所需的最小光功率较CE-QPSK-OFDM提高了3.5dB。
2. OFDMA-PON系统实现方面：
(1)基于DD-OFDMA-PON的频偏估计机制：提出大范围频偏估计算法—数字频谱频偏估计算法,根据接收信号的数字化频谱来估计频偏,以用于频域下变频恢复基带OFDM信号。本文通过20Gb/s OFDM-PON下行传输实验进行验证,在20-Km传输的情况下误码率达7.7×10-4。
(2)基于CO-OFDM-PON的I/Q不平衡补偿机制：提出基于导频估计和GSOP算法的联合补偿机制,并通过36Gb/s CO-QPSK-OFDM系统实验来验证,同时就基于接收信号统计特性的I/Q不平衡补偿算法进行了理论分析和仿真验证。
(3) OFDMA-PON系统无色化方案：其主要思想是采用中心化光源技术并直接重用下行光信号作为光载波,同时采用反双二进制归零码(IDRZ)作为下行调制码型,相对于传统反归零码,其在对抗色散和抑制非线性方面表现优异。两种WDM-PON结构被提出：1)下行IDRZ上行DPSK;2)下行IDRZ上行OFDM。
总之OFDMA-PON是下一代无源光网络中极具竞争力的技术,本文对OFDMA-PON中的关键技术和现存问题进行了深入研究。
Currently, with the wave of acceleration in backbone network, access network which is located in the terminal of network system and regarded as the bottleneck of data rate, is now meeting a rapid development period. With the standardizing and applying of10G Passive Optical Network (10G-PON), the research and standardization of next generation PON version2(NG-PON2) technologies are extremely urgent. OFDMA-PON is proposed as one of the most expected technical candidate solution to be applied in NG-PON2.
Optical OFDM technology has shown attractive prospect in PON due to its high spectral efficiency, longer reach and robust resistance to inter symbol interference (ISI) which is mainly caused by chromatic dispersion (CD). And its inherent structure of subcarriers has also provided another scheduling mechanism to allocate channel resources. Moreover there exist natural connections between WiMax, UWB, WiFi, etc., for sharing the same modulation method-OFDM, which induces excellent compatibility. The superiorities described above have made OFDMA-PON a promising candidate for future broadband access network.
This thesis focuses on the existing problems and key technologies of OFDMA-PON systems, primarily includes two aspects:Modulation technologies and system implementation. The main contributions of this doctoral dissertation are summarized as follows.
1. Modulation Technologies:
(1) Energy-saving modulation technologies in OFDMA-PON system: Energy-saving modulation scheme based on Asymmetric Clipping Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (ACO-OFDM) has been proposed here, and5Gb/s ACO-OFDM upstream transmission experiment has been implemented to evaluate performance, and a structure of2-ONUs (ONU:Optical Network Unit) scheme based on ACO-OFDMA has also been deeply studied in apect as power imbalance and phase mismatch.
(2) Modulation scheme to mitigate PAPR of OFDM signal: CE-MSK-OFDM has been proposed, which has shown great superiority by mitigating inherent drawbacks of CE-QPSK-OFDM and MSK-OFDM.2.5Gb/s CE-MSK-OFDM signal are transmitted over a100km standard single mode fiber to confirm its advantage in mitigating intercarrier interference and show3.5dB improvements in received power at FEC limit compared with CE-QPSK-OFDM.
2. System Implementation
(1) Frequency offset estimation algorithm based on DD-OFDMA-PON: Wide range frequency offset estimation algorithm-digital spectrum frequency offset estimation, has been proposed:frequency offset is estimated according to spectrum of received DD-OFDM signal, and then is used for frequency down-conversion in digital domain to obtain baseband OFDM signal. The validity of the method is confirmed by an experiment of20Gb/s OFDM-PON downstream transmission, and the bit error rate has achieved7.7 X10-4after20-Km transmission.
(2) I/Q imbalance compensation algorithm based on CO-OFDM-PON system:Pilot-aided&GSOP algorithm has been proposed and confirmed by36Gb/s CO-QPSK-OFDM experiment. Meanwhile a novel compensation algorithm based on the statistical properties of received signal has been proposed and simulated.
(3) OFDMA-PON colorless technologies:The pricinpal idea is based on applying Centralized-Light-Source structure and directly reuses the downstream light as the upstream carrier. Meanwhile, we have chosen Inverse-Duobinary-RZ (IDRZ) for downstream pattern, which performs better than conventional Inverse-RZ (IRZ) in resistance to CD, and suppression for nonlinearity. The two proposed WDM-PON architectures listed as follow:1) IDRZ downstream and DPSK upstream;2) IDRZ downstream and OFDM upstream.
In summary, OFDMA-PON is a promising candidate for next generation PON.The thesis investigates key technologies and existing problems in OFDMA-PON comprehensively.
光OFDM技术频谱效率高,接入距离长,能较好的对抗因色散带来的符号间干扰。而且其内在的子载波复用的结构也为信道资源的分配提供了另一种调度机制—子载波分配；另外,因同为OFDM调制方式,其天然存在着与WiMax, UWB, WiFi等的联系,带来卓越的兼容性。上述优势使得OFDMA-PON成为下一代宽带接入网的最佳候选方案。
本文针对OFDMA-PON中存在的问题与关键技术进行研究,主要是针对OFDMA-PON的调制技术和实现结构方面,取得的主要研究进展如下：
1. OFDMA-PON调制技术方面：
(1)节能型OFDMA-PON调制技术方案：提出基于ACO-OFDM的节能型的调制方案,同时进行了5Gb/s ACO-OFDM上行传输实验,并在此基础上提出基于2-ONU结构的ACO-OFDMA-PON框架,在功率不平衡,时延失配等方面进行深入研究。
(2)基于抑制峰均比的调制技术方案：提出基于恒包络最小频移键控正交频分复用调制方案,该方案抑制了CE-QPSK-OFDM和MSK-OFDM的固有缺陷,在100-Kmm传输的情况下,达到FEC极限所需的最小光功率较CE-QPSK-OFDM提高了3.5dB。
2. OFDMA-PON系统实现方面：
(1)基于DD-OFDMA-PON的频偏估计机制：提出大范围频偏估计算法—数字频谱频偏估计算法,根据接收信号的数字化频谱来估计频偏,以用于频域下变频恢复基带OFDM信号。本文通过20Gb/s OFDM-PON下行传输实验进行验证,在20-Km传输的情况下误码率达7.7×10-4。
(2)基于CO-OFDM-PON的I/Q不平衡补偿机制：提出基于导频估计和GSOP算法的联合补偿机制,并通过36Gb/s CO-QPSK-OFDM系统实验来验证,同时就基于接收信号统计特性的I/Q不平衡补偿算法进行了理论分析和仿真验证。
(3) OFDMA-PON系统无色化方案：其主要思想是采用中心化光源技术并直接重用下行光信号作为光载波,同时采用反双二进制归零码(IDRZ)作为下行调制码型,相对于传统反归零码,其在对抗色散和抑制非线性方面表现优异。两种WDM-PON结构被提出：1)下行IDRZ上行DPSK;2)下行IDRZ上行OFDM。
总之OFDMA-PON是下一代无源光网络中极具竞争力的技术,本文对OFDMA-PON中的关键技术和现存问题进行了深入研究。
Currently, with the wave of acceleration in backbone network, access network which is located in the terminal of network system and regarded as the bottleneck of data rate, is now meeting a rapid development period. With the standardizing and applying of10G Passive Optical Network (10G-PON), the research and standardization of next generation PON version2(NG-PON2) technologies are extremely urgent. OFDMA-PON is proposed as one of the most expected technical candidate solution to be applied in NG-PON2.
Optical OFDM technology has shown attractive prospect in PON due to its high spectral efficiency, longer reach and robust resistance to inter symbol interference (ISI) which is mainly caused by chromatic dispersion (CD). And its inherent structure of subcarriers has also provided another scheduling mechanism to allocate channel resources. Moreover there exist natural connections between WiMax, UWB, WiFi, etc., for sharing the same modulation method-OFDM, which induces excellent compatibility. The superiorities described above have made OFDMA-PON a promising candidate for future broadband access network.
This thesis focuses on the existing problems and key technologies of OFDMA-PON systems, primarily includes two aspects:Modulation technologies and system implementation. The main contributions of this doctoral dissertation are summarized as follows.
1. Modulation Technologies:
(1) Energy-saving modulation technologies in OFDMA-PON system: Energy-saving modulation scheme based on Asymmetric Clipping Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (ACO-OFDM) has been proposed here, and5Gb/s ACO-OFDM upstream transmission experiment has been implemented to evaluate performance, and a structure of2-ONUs (ONU:Optical Network Unit) scheme based on ACO-OFDMA has also been deeply studied in apect as power imbalance and phase mismatch.
(2) Modulation scheme to mitigate PAPR of OFDM signal: CE-MSK-OFDM has been proposed, which has shown great superiority by mitigating inherent drawbacks of CE-QPSK-OFDM and MSK-OFDM.2.5Gb/s CE-MSK-OFDM signal are transmitted over a100km standard single mode fiber to confirm its advantage in mitigating intercarrier interference and show3.5dB improvements in received power at FEC limit compared with CE-QPSK-OFDM.
2. System Implementation
(1) Frequency offset estimation algorithm based on DD-OFDMA-PON: Wide range frequency offset estimation algorithm-digital spectrum frequency offset estimation, has been proposed:frequency offset is estimated according to spectrum of received DD-OFDM signal, and then is used for frequency down-conversion in digital domain to obtain baseband OFDM signal. The validity of the method is confirmed by an experiment of20Gb/s OFDM-PON downstream transmission, and the bit error rate has achieved7.7 X10-4after20-Km transmission.
(2) I/Q imbalance compensation algorithm based on CO-OFDM-PON system:Pilot-aided&GSOP algorithm has been proposed and confirmed by36Gb/s CO-QPSK-OFDM experiment. Meanwhile a novel compensation algorithm based on the statistical properties of received signal has been proposed and simulated.
(3) OFDMA-PON colorless technologies:The pricinpal idea is based on applying Centralized-Light-Source structure and directly reuses the downstream light as the upstream carrier. Meanwhile, we have chosen Inverse-Duobinary-RZ (IDRZ) for downstream pattern, which performs better than conventional Inverse-RZ (IRZ) in resistance to CD, and suppression for nonlinearity. The two proposed WDM-PON architectures listed as follow:1) IDRZ downstream and DPSK upstream;2) IDRZ downstream and OFDM upstream.
In summary, OFDMA-PON is a promising candidate for next generation PON.The thesis investigates key technologies and existing problems in OFDMA-PON comprehensively.
引文
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