民办高校辅导员运用心理辅导的预测因素研究
|
摘要
心理辅导是应对学生心理问题的比较有效的方法。但在民办高校辅导员的教育工作中,只有一部分辅导员会有意识的在工作中运用心理辅导。在心理辅导的研究领域中,讨论影响辅导员心理辅导的预测因素比较少。国外的研究者主要从人口学变量、个人特质两方面分析在工作中是否运用心理辅导的区别,因为文献资源的局限,本文参考了大学生寻求专业性心理帮助的预测因素研究的相关研究,帮助建立辅导员运用心理辅导的预测因素的假设。
本研究采用问卷调查法,使用翻译的量表和自编的问卷,以民办高校的230名辅导员为被试在办公室进行集体施测。采用多元回归的方法探索对民办高校辅导员心理辅导有影响作用的预测源。
研究结果表明:
1、性别这一变量对不同情景下的运用心理辅导的可能性表现出了相同的预测作用,即无论在假设情景下运用心理辅导可能方面,还是在此时此刻运用心理辅导可能方面,女性都表现出了比男性可能性更高的倾向。年龄和所学专业两个变量对假设情景下运用心理辅导可能性有显著影响。数据表明,随着年龄的增大,运用心理辅导的可能性减少;所学专业偏向文科,运用心理辅导的可能性增加。从事辅导员工作年限和所带年级对真实情景下运用心理辅导可能性有显著影响,随着所带年级的升高,运用心理辅导的可能性增加。随着从事辅导员工作年限的增加,运用心理辅导的可能性降低。
2、五个变量即自我隐藏程度、自我结构、心理控制源、辅导员作为心理咨询当事人的自我效能和辅导员对心理学了解都对假设情景与真实情景下运用心理辅导可能性有显著预测作用。辅导员作为心理咨询当事人的自我效能感越高,在工作中运用心理辅导的可能性越高;辅导员对心理学了解程度越深,在工作中运用心理辅导的可能性也越高。与此相反,自我隐藏程度越高,在工作中运用心理辅导的可能性越低。
3、不同的变量对不同情景下运用心理辅导的可能性表现出不同的预测。外控的个体在此时此刻运用心理辅导的可能性高于内控的个体,但是在假设情景下运用心理辅导的可能性上却低于内控的个体。独立自我结构的个体在此时此刻运用心理辅导的可能性高于内控的个体,但是在假设情景下运用心理辅导可能性上却低于内控的个体。从相关分析的结果来看,心理健康控制源与辅导员作为心理咨询当事人自我效能呈显著负相关。也就是说越倾向于外控的个体可能作为心理咨询当事人自我效能越差。自我结构与辅导员作为心理咨询当事人自我效能呈显著正相关,也就是说越倾向于独立的个体可能作为心理咨询当事人自我效能越高。
Psychological guidance is a more effective method responsing the psychological problems of students, But in private college counsellors education, only a proportion of counsellors consciously use psychological guidance at work. In the field of psychological guidance, there is a little discussion about predictive factors of influencing psychological guidance of counsel1ors. Researchers from abroad have mainly addressed the demographic, personal qualities variables that distinguish those that use psychological guidance from those that do not. Because the limitation of literature resource, this article made reference to related research on forecast factors seeking professional psychological help of college students, helping to establish the assumptions on predictive factors of influencing psychological guidance of counselors.
The method of the study survey is mainly questionnaire. We tested 230 private universities counsellors using the translated and self-edited scale,they were tested by collective measurement in the office. Using multiple regression to explore predictive factors of Influencing psychological guidance of counselors.
The finding indicates that:
1.The gender variable in different scenes on the use of the possibility of psychological guidance show the same effect, regardless of possibility of using psychological guidance in the assumptive scene, or at this very moment, women showed the higher possibility than male. The two variables of age and major had notable influence on the possibility of using psychological guidance in the assumptive scene. Data showed that with increasing age, the possibility of using psychological guidance reduced, the major are tendency to the arts, the possibility increased. the work year and bringing grade of counsel ors had significant influence on the possibility of using psychological guidance at this very moment, with the grade rising , the possibility of using psychological guidance increased. With counsellors working year increasing, the possibility reduced.
2.The five variables that self-concealment, self-structure, locus of mental health control, self-efficacy of counselors as psychological counseling client and the understanding of psychological guidance of counselors had a significant impact on the possibility in the two scenes. self-efficacy was higher , the possibility was also higher; the degree of understanding psychology was deeper , the possibility was higher. On the contrary, the degree of self- concealment was higher, the possibility was lower.
3.Different variables in different scenes on the use of the possibility of psychological guidance demonstrated different effects. The possibility of external control individual at the very moment were higher than internal control individual, but in the assumptive scene, the possibility is lower. The possibility of independent self-structure individual at the very moment were higher than dependent individual, but in the assumptive scene, the possibility is lower. From the results of correlation analysis, locus of mental health control, self-efficacy of counselors as psychological counseling client was significantly negatively correlated. In other words, self-efficacy of external control individual may be lower. Self-structure and self-efficacy were positively correlated, In other words, independent self-structure individual has higher self-efficacy.
本研究采用问卷调查法,使用翻译的量表和自编的问卷,以民办高校的230名辅导员为被试在办公室进行集体施测。采用多元回归的方法探索对民办高校辅导员心理辅导有影响作用的预测源。
研究结果表明:
1、性别这一变量对不同情景下的运用心理辅导的可能性表现出了相同的预测作用,即无论在假设情景下运用心理辅导可能方面,还是在此时此刻运用心理辅导可能方面,女性都表现出了比男性可能性更高的倾向。年龄和所学专业两个变量对假设情景下运用心理辅导可能性有显著影响。数据表明,随着年龄的增大,运用心理辅导的可能性减少;所学专业偏向文科,运用心理辅导的可能性增加。从事辅导员工作年限和所带年级对真实情景下运用心理辅导可能性有显著影响,随着所带年级的升高,运用心理辅导的可能性增加。随着从事辅导员工作年限的增加,运用心理辅导的可能性降低。
2、五个变量即自我隐藏程度、自我结构、心理控制源、辅导员作为心理咨询当事人的自我效能和辅导员对心理学了解都对假设情景与真实情景下运用心理辅导可能性有显著预测作用。辅导员作为心理咨询当事人的自我效能感越高,在工作中运用心理辅导的可能性越高;辅导员对心理学了解程度越深,在工作中运用心理辅导的可能性也越高。与此相反,自我隐藏程度越高,在工作中运用心理辅导的可能性越低。
3、不同的变量对不同情景下运用心理辅导的可能性表现出不同的预测。外控的个体在此时此刻运用心理辅导的可能性高于内控的个体,但是在假设情景下运用心理辅导的可能性上却低于内控的个体。独立自我结构的个体在此时此刻运用心理辅导的可能性高于内控的个体,但是在假设情景下运用心理辅导可能性上却低于内控的个体。从相关分析的结果来看,心理健康控制源与辅导员作为心理咨询当事人自我效能呈显著负相关。也就是说越倾向于外控的个体可能作为心理咨询当事人自我效能越差。自我结构与辅导员作为心理咨询当事人自我效能呈显著正相关,也就是说越倾向于独立的个体可能作为心理咨询当事人自我效能越高。
Psychological guidance is a more effective method responsing the psychological problems of students, But in private college counsellors education, only a proportion of counsellors consciously use psychological guidance at work. In the field of psychological guidance, there is a little discussion about predictive factors of influencing psychological guidance of counsel1ors. Researchers from abroad have mainly addressed the demographic, personal qualities variables that distinguish those that use psychological guidance from those that do not. Because the limitation of literature resource, this article made reference to related research on forecast factors seeking professional psychological help of college students, helping to establish the assumptions on predictive factors of influencing psychological guidance of counselors.
The method of the study survey is mainly questionnaire. We tested 230 private universities counsellors using the translated and self-edited scale,they were tested by collective measurement in the office. Using multiple regression to explore predictive factors of Influencing psychological guidance of counselors.
The finding indicates that:
1.The gender variable in different scenes on the use of the possibility of psychological guidance show the same effect, regardless of possibility of using psychological guidance in the assumptive scene, or at this very moment, women showed the higher possibility than male. The two variables of age and major had notable influence on the possibility of using psychological guidance in the assumptive scene. Data showed that with increasing age, the possibility of using psychological guidance reduced, the major are tendency to the arts, the possibility increased. the work year and bringing grade of counsel ors had significant influence on the possibility of using psychological guidance at this very moment, with the grade rising , the possibility of using psychological guidance increased. With counsellors working year increasing, the possibility reduced.
2.The five variables that self-concealment, self-structure, locus of mental health control, self-efficacy of counselors as psychological counseling client and the understanding of psychological guidance of counselors had a significant impact on the possibility in the two scenes. self-efficacy was higher , the possibility was also higher; the degree of understanding psychology was deeper , the possibility was higher. On the contrary, the degree of self- concealment was higher, the possibility was lower.
3.Different variables in different scenes on the use of the possibility of psychological guidance demonstrated different effects. The possibility of external control individual at the very moment were higher than internal control individual, but in the assumptive scene, the possibility is lower. The possibility of independent self-structure individual at the very moment were higher than dependent individual, but in the assumptive scene, the possibility is lower. From the results of correlation analysis, locus of mental health control, self-efficacy of counselors as psychological counseling client was significantly negatively correlated. In other words, self-efficacy of external control individual may be lower. Self-structure and self-efficacy were positively correlated, In other words, independent self-structure individual has higher self-efficacy.
引文
[1]杨雪.心理学理论在高校学生辅导员工作中的应用[J].教育探索,2004(8) [2刘纯姣,秦浦泉.心理学在辅导员工作中的运用[J].哈尔滨金融高等专科学报,2004(4)
[3]王鉴,王光晨.班主任心理辅导模式的理论研究[J].教育理论与实践,2006(2):21-23
[4]刘锐娟.建立班主任心理辅导模式的探讨[J].黑龙江高教研究,2004(2)
[5]刘永强.论提高辅导员心理辅导能力的途径和方法[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,2004(4)
[6]黄立峰.谈辅导员的心理辅导角色[J].上饶师专学报,1998(1)
[7]张存库.香港高校心理辅导对大陆高校的启示[J].黑龙江高教研究,2001(2):79-82
[8]陈永胜.关于心理辅导中国化几个问题的思考[J].东岳论丛,2001(1):119-122
[9]林孟平.中国的心理辅导与治疗迈向专业化之路[J].教育研究与实验,1999(3):39-45
[10]樊富珉.从香港与日本的经验看中国心理辅导的专业化道路[J].社会心理研究,1999(4):37-42
[11]杨能山.心理健康教育:高校思想政治工作的必修课[J].零陵师范高等专科学校学报,2002(1)
[12]简世德.运用心理学原理加强大学生思想政治工作[J].人大复印资料.思想政治教育,2003(6)
[13]程灵,许珊.罗杰斯的人本主义观对学校心理辅导的启示[J].闽江职业大学学报,2001(3)
[14]郑日昌.大学心理辅导[M].团结出版社,2001.1
[15]卢家楣,魏庆安,李其维.心理学[M].上海人民出版社,2004.12
[16]黄希庭,郑涌.中国大学生心理特点与教育[M].上海教育出版社,1999.313-314
[17]樊富珉.大学生心理健康教育与心理咨询研究[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2001. 465-466
[18]黄希庭,郑涌.大学生心理健康与咨询[M].高等教育出版社,2000.24
[19]马建青.高校心理咨询与德育结合的前景探讨[M].江苏高教,1997(1)
[20]陈秉公.思想政治教育学原理[M].辽宁人民出版社,2001
[21]吴曾强.现代学校心理辅导[M].上海科技文献出版社,1998(1).10
[22]杨春如,栾永玉.高校政治辅导员工作概论[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社,1997
[23]樊富珉.团体咨询的理论与实践(M].清华大学出版社,1996
[24]衰振国,张玲.心理健康研究与指导[M].教育科学出版社,2001
[25]吴增强,沈之菲.班级心理辅导[M].上海教育出版社,2004
[26]樊富珉,陈启芳,何镜炜.香港高校学生辅导[M].北京:清华人学出版社,2002
[27]樊富珉.人学牛心理健康教育研究[M].北京:清华人学出版社,2002
[28]漆小萍,唐燕.高校学生事务管理[M].广州:中山大学出版社,2005
[29]<<扩招后的学生教育和管理>>编委会.扩招后的学生教育和管理[M].广州:中山人学出版社,2002
[30]江光荣.心理咨询与治疗.安徽人民出版社, [M].2001.7
[31]陈启芳.《香港高校学生辅导的理念与发展》,(会议交流),香港浸会大学
[32]李咏琴.《香港高校之心理咨询服务简介》,(赴港学习交流材料),香港科技大学
[33]香港浸会大学社工系编.《香港心理辅导现况》,(赴港学习交流材料)
[34]谭林斐.《海峡两岸学校心理辅导之比较及启示》,载《现代教育研究》,1997(2)
[35]梁宝勇主编.《心理卫生与心理咨询百科全书》.南开大学出版社,2002
[36]俞少华,张亚林.我国大学生心理辅导现状.中国心理卫生杂志.2002, 16(2): 131-132
[37]余晓敏.大学生心理求助及其影响因素研究[D] :[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中师范大学发展与教育心理学,2004
[38]徐丽.关于大学生寻求专业性心理帮助态度的预测因素研究[D] :[硕士学位论文].江西:江西师范大学应用心理学,2007
[39]Harvey R. Freeman. Student Evaluations of College Instructors: Effects of Type of Course Taught, Instructor Gender and Gender Role, and Student Gender. Journal of Educational Psychology,1994(4): 627-630
[40]Stephen Erdle, Harry G. Murray, J. Philippe Rushton. Personality, Classroom Behavior, and Student Ratings of College Teaching Effectiveness: A Path Analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology,(4): 394-407
[41]Adelman, H. S., Smith, D.C., Nelson, P., Taylor, L.&Phares, V. (1986). An instrument to assess students' perceived control at school.Educational and psychological Measurement, 46
[42]Andrews, G., Hall, W., Teesson, M.&Henderson, S. (1999). National survey of mental health and well-being report 2: the mental health of Australians. Commonwealth of Australia
[43]Angermeyer, M.C., Matschinger. H.&Rieder-Heller, S.G. (2001).What to do about mental disorder一一help-seeking recommendations of the lay public. Acta Psychiatr Scand ,103: 220-225
[44]Atkinson, D.R., Lowe, S.,&Matthews, L. (1995). Asian-American acculturation, gender,and willingness to seek counseling. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development,23,130-138
[45]Atkinson D R, Poston W C, Furlong M J, Mercado P. Ethnic group preferences for counselor characteristics. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1989, 36(1): 68-72
[46]Atkinson D R, Gim R H. Asian-American cultural identity and attitudes mental health services. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1989, 36(2): 209-212
[47]Alkinson D R, Lowe S, Matthews L. Asian American acculturation, gender, and willingness to seek counseling. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development,1995;23(1):130-138
[48]Kelly A E, Achter J A. Self-concealment and attitudes toward counseling in university students. Journal of Courseling Psychology, 1995, 42(1): 40-46
[49]Singelis T M. The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construal. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1994, 20(2): 580-591
[50]Yeh C J. Taiwanese students' gender, age, interdependent and independent self-construal, and collective self-esteem as predictors of professional psychological help-seeking attitudes. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2002, 8(1): 19-29
[3]王鉴,王光晨.班主任心理辅导模式的理论研究[J].教育理论与实践,2006(2):21-23
[4]刘锐娟.建立班主任心理辅导模式的探讨[J].黑龙江高教研究,2004(2)
[5]刘永强.论提高辅导员心理辅导能力的途径和方法[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,2004(4)
[6]黄立峰.谈辅导员的心理辅导角色[J].上饶师专学报,1998(1)
[7]张存库.香港高校心理辅导对大陆高校的启示[J].黑龙江高教研究,2001(2):79-82
[8]陈永胜.关于心理辅导中国化几个问题的思考[J].东岳论丛,2001(1):119-122
[9]林孟平.中国的心理辅导与治疗迈向专业化之路[J].教育研究与实验,1999(3):39-45
[10]樊富珉.从香港与日本的经验看中国心理辅导的专业化道路[J].社会心理研究,1999(4):37-42
[11]杨能山.心理健康教育:高校思想政治工作的必修课[J].零陵师范高等专科学校学报,2002(1)
[12]简世德.运用心理学原理加强大学生思想政治工作[J].人大复印资料.思想政治教育,2003(6)
[13]程灵,许珊.罗杰斯的人本主义观对学校心理辅导的启示[J].闽江职业大学学报,2001(3)
[14]郑日昌.大学心理辅导[M].团结出版社,2001.1
[15]卢家楣,魏庆安,李其维.心理学[M].上海人民出版社,2004.12
[16]黄希庭,郑涌.中国大学生心理特点与教育[M].上海教育出版社,1999.313-314
[17]樊富珉.大学生心理健康教育与心理咨询研究[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2001. 465-466
[18]黄希庭,郑涌.大学生心理健康与咨询[M].高等教育出版社,2000.24
[19]马建青.高校心理咨询与德育结合的前景探讨[M].江苏高教,1997(1)
[20]陈秉公.思想政治教育学原理[M].辽宁人民出版社,2001
[21]吴曾强.现代学校心理辅导[M].上海科技文献出版社,1998(1).10
[22]杨春如,栾永玉.高校政治辅导员工作概论[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社,1997
[23]樊富珉.团体咨询的理论与实践(M].清华大学出版社,1996
[24]衰振国,张玲.心理健康研究与指导[M].教育科学出版社,2001
[25]吴增强,沈之菲.班级心理辅导[M].上海教育出版社,2004
[26]樊富珉,陈启芳,何镜炜.香港高校学生辅导[M].北京:清华人学出版社,2002
[27]樊富珉.人学牛心理健康教育研究[M].北京:清华人学出版社,2002
[28]漆小萍,唐燕.高校学生事务管理[M].广州:中山大学出版社,2005
[29]<<扩招后的学生教育和管理>>编委会.扩招后的学生教育和管理[M].广州:中山人学出版社,2002
[30]江光荣.心理咨询与治疗.安徽人民出版社, [M].2001.7
[31]陈启芳.《香港高校学生辅导的理念与发展》,(会议交流),香港浸会大学
[32]李咏琴.《香港高校之心理咨询服务简介》,(赴港学习交流材料),香港科技大学
[33]香港浸会大学社工系编.《香港心理辅导现况》,(赴港学习交流材料)
[34]谭林斐.《海峡两岸学校心理辅导之比较及启示》,载《现代教育研究》,1997(2)
[35]梁宝勇主编.《心理卫生与心理咨询百科全书》.南开大学出版社,2002
[36]俞少华,张亚林.我国大学生心理辅导现状.中国心理卫生杂志.2002, 16(2): 131-132
[37]余晓敏.大学生心理求助及其影响因素研究[D] :[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中师范大学发展与教育心理学,2004
[38]徐丽.关于大学生寻求专业性心理帮助态度的预测因素研究[D] :[硕士学位论文].江西:江西师范大学应用心理学,2007
[39]Harvey R. Freeman. Student Evaluations of College Instructors: Effects of Type of Course Taught, Instructor Gender and Gender Role, and Student Gender. Journal of Educational Psychology,1994(4): 627-630
[40]Stephen Erdle, Harry G. Murray, J. Philippe Rushton. Personality, Classroom Behavior, and Student Ratings of College Teaching Effectiveness: A Path Analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology,(4): 394-407
[41]Adelman, H. S., Smith, D.C., Nelson, P., Taylor, L.&Phares, V. (1986). An instrument to assess students' perceived control at school.Educational and psychological Measurement, 46
[42]Andrews, G., Hall, W., Teesson, M.&Henderson, S. (1999). National survey of mental health and well-being report 2: the mental health of Australians. Commonwealth of Australia
[43]Angermeyer, M.C., Matschinger. H.&Rieder-Heller, S.G. (2001).What to do about mental disorder一一help-seeking recommendations of the lay public. Acta Psychiatr Scand ,103: 220-225
[44]Atkinson, D.R., Lowe, S.,&Matthews, L. (1995). Asian-American acculturation, gender,and willingness to seek counseling. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development,23,130-138
[45]Atkinson D R, Poston W C, Furlong M J, Mercado P. Ethnic group preferences for counselor characteristics. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1989, 36(1): 68-72
[46]Atkinson D R, Gim R H. Asian-American cultural identity and attitudes mental health services. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1989, 36(2): 209-212
[47]Alkinson D R, Lowe S, Matthews L. Asian American acculturation, gender, and willingness to seek counseling. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development,1995;23(1):130-138
[48]Kelly A E, Achter J A. Self-concealment and attitudes toward counseling in university students. Journal of Courseling Psychology, 1995, 42(1): 40-46
[49]Singelis T M. The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construal. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1994, 20(2): 580-591
[50]Yeh C J. Taiwanese students' gender, age, interdependent and independent self-construal, and collective self-esteem as predictors of professional psychological help-seeking attitudes. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2002, 8(1): 19-29