新型土工三轴仪测控系统的基本研究
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摘要
三轴仪是机电技术在土木工程测量领域的典型应用，是重要的基础试验仪器。论文
以开发先进的三轴仪测控系统为目标，对现代三轴仪进行了全面的功能需求分析，提出
了基于上、下位机结构体系的测控系统解决方案。以此为基础，论文展开了三轴仪测控
系统三项关键技术的研究工作。
在轴向加载系统的研究中，论文简述了国内外三轴仪的两种主要轴向加载方案，通
过对这两种技术的优劣进行了分析对比后，确立了框架式轴向加载系统的解决方案，并
进一步分析讨论了步进电机、运动变换机构和减速机构的应用技术。
在下位机测控系统的研究中，论文在土工仪器领域率先引入了先进的
TMS320LF2407A DSP控制器，并针对其存储器扩展与配置、I／O空间扩展应用、基础时
钟系统建立以及电源管理系统等四项关键技术进行了详尽的技术分析和讨论，为嵌入式
实时操作系统的应用奠定了基础。
在数据采集系统的研究中，论文分析了数据采集系统的结构，建立起了多通道分时
采集系统，并根据三轴仪的实际测量需求，对传感器、变送器，取样电路、数据转换电
路等几个主要环节进行了详细的技术讨论。随后，论文结合TMS320LF2407A控制器器SPI
接口讨论了数据采集系统的硬件实现，并进行了系统误差分析综合。
论文的全部研究工作表明，以PC机和TMS320LF2407A微控制器构成的三轴仪测控
系统，辅以框架式轴向加载装置，可以满足现代三轴仪系统的技术性能要求，具有良好
的应用前景。
As a typical application of mechtronic technology in soil testing, triaxial instrument is the important laboratorial apparatus in the region of civil construction.In order to develop a set of advanced measure & control system equipped in triaxial instrument, this paper makes a overall analysis of function requirement for the modern triaxial instrument and then puts forward a system solution based on the front & back control panel structure.Starting from this solution, the paper begins to study and discuss the three key technologies in this system.
In the research of axial loading system, this paper first describes two main loading solutions applied on all of the triaxial instruments.After evaluating their merits and demerits carefully, the loading frame is adopted.In the following pages, three technologies, step motor, motion transformation and speed reduction, are discussed in detail.
In the research of back measure & control sub-system, In order to provide a strong support for measure & control system, this paper introduces the advanced microcontroller TMS320LF2407A.and spends a lot of pages studying four applied technologies, memory extension and configuring, I/O space extension, basic timing system setting and power supply designing.All the achievements of the study create a convenient road to embedded real-time operation system.
In the research of data acquiring system (DAS), this paper analyses the structure of DAS and set up a set of multi-channel time-shared DAS.According to the practical need for measuring and controlling, this paper also makes a detailed discussion about the sensor, transducer sampling circuit and data converter.Finally, the DAS is realized on the measure & control system with the application of SPI interface of TMS320LF2407A and its system error is calculated.
As the research achievements showed above, the measuring & controlling system, based on the PC and TMS320LF2407A microcontroller, of triaxial instrument has a bright application future and can fulfilled the need of modern triaxial testing.
以开发先进的三轴仪测控系统为目标，对现代三轴仪进行了全面的功能需求分析，提出
了基于上、下位机结构体系的测控系统解决方案。以此为基础，论文展开了三轴仪测控
系统三项关键技术的研究工作。
在轴向加载系统的研究中，论文简述了国内外三轴仪的两种主要轴向加载方案，通
过对这两种技术的优劣进行了分析对比后，确立了框架式轴向加载系统的解决方案，并
进一步分析讨论了步进电机、运动变换机构和减速机构的应用技术。
在下位机测控系统的研究中，论文在土工仪器领域率先引入了先进的
TMS320LF2407A DSP控制器，并针对其存储器扩展与配置、I／O空间扩展应用、基础时
钟系统建立以及电源管理系统等四项关键技术进行了详尽的技术分析和讨论，为嵌入式
实时操作系统的应用奠定了基础。
在数据采集系统的研究中，论文分析了数据采集系统的结构，建立起了多通道分时
采集系统，并根据三轴仪的实际测量需求，对传感器、变送器，取样电路、数据转换电
路等几个主要环节进行了详细的技术讨论。随后，论文结合TMS320LF2407A控制器器SPI
接口讨论了数据采集系统的硬件实现，并进行了系统误差分析综合。
论文的全部研究工作表明，以PC机和TMS320LF2407A微控制器构成的三轴仪测控
系统，辅以框架式轴向加载装置，可以满足现代三轴仪系统的技术性能要求，具有良好
的应用前景。
As a typical application of mechtronic technology in soil testing, triaxial instrument is the important laboratorial apparatus in the region of civil construction.In order to develop a set of advanced measure & control system equipped in triaxial instrument, this paper makes a overall analysis of function requirement for the modern triaxial instrument and then puts forward a system solution based on the front & back control panel structure.Starting from this solution, the paper begins to study and discuss the three key technologies in this system.
In the research of axial loading system, this paper first describes two main loading solutions applied on all of the triaxial instruments.After evaluating their merits and demerits carefully, the loading frame is adopted.In the following pages, three technologies, step motor, motion transformation and speed reduction, are discussed in detail.
In the research of back measure & control sub-system, In order to provide a strong support for measure & control system, this paper introduces the advanced microcontroller TMS320LF2407A.and spends a lot of pages studying four applied technologies, memory extension and configuring, I/O space extension, basic timing system setting and power supply designing.All the achievements of the study create a convenient road to embedded real-time operation system.
In the research of data acquiring system (DAS), this paper analyses the structure of DAS and set up a set of multi-channel time-shared DAS.According to the practical need for measuring and controlling, this paper also makes a detailed discussion about the sensor, transducer sampling circuit and data converter.Finally, the DAS is realized on the measure & control system with the application of SPI interface of TMS320LF2407A and its system error is calculated.
As the research achievements showed above, the measuring & controlling system, based on the PC and TMS320LF2407A microcontroller, of triaxial instrument has a bright application future and can fulfilled the need of modern triaxial testing.
引文
[1] (日)松岗元著，罗汀，姚仰平 译．土力学．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2001.
[2] 杨熙章．土工试验与原理．上海：同济大学出版社，1993：73-77，82-97，167-180
[3] (日)三木五三郎 著，陈世杰 译．日本土工试验法．北京：中国铁道出版社，1985.
[4] 赵聚云 杨熙章 等．K0固结真三轴仪的研制与试验研究．大坝观测与土工测试，1995，3：28-33.
[5] 南京水利电力仪器工程公司，土工试验仪器产品介绍，2000，9
[6] http：／／www．gdsinstruments．com／labrary．asp
[7] http：／／www．geocomp．com／products_level_2.asp
[8] http：／／www．humboldtmfg．com／soil．html
[9] http：／／www．eleusa．com
[10] http：／／www．wfi．co．uk
[11] http：／／www．mts．com／menusystem．asp
[12] 孙强，张发存 等．新一代动三轴仪计算机数据采集与处理系统．吉林工业大学学报， 1998，4：105-109
[13] 赵凌，陈涛．土高压三轴仪数据采集和处理系统的改进．岩土力学，1995，3：89-95
[14] 张建，周嘉林．动三轴仪土力学试验微机采样数据处理系统．陕西水力发电，1995，3：39-42
[15] 屈波，周玉庭．SY300-1型高压三轴仪微机测控系统研究．大坝观测与土工测试，2001，3：47-49
[16] 腾延京，杨焕玲 等．自动应力路径三轴仪的研制．建筑科学，1996，1：29-32
[17] 李彰明，杨文龙．土工试验数字控制及数据采集系统研制与应用．建筑技术开发，2002，1：21-22
[18] 孙超图，张江滨等．拉压与扭剪双向三轴仪微机测控的试验研究．西安理工大学学报， 1996，1：52-58
[19] 刘汉龙，周云东等．多功能静动三轴仪研制及在液化后大变形中的应用．大坝观测与土工测 试，2001，5：48-51
[20] 刘湘宁，周克骥等．一种多用途的体变测量与控制装置．大坝观测与土工测试，2001，3：44-46
[21] 邵龙潭，王助贫等．三轴试验土样径向变形的计算机图像测量．岩土工程学报，2001，5：337-341
[22] 中华人民共和国水利部．土工试验方法标准．北京：中国计划出版社，1999.3：28-32
[23] 孙传友，孙晓斌等．测控系统原理与设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[24] GDS Standard GDSTAS Automated Triaxial System．GDS Instruments Incorporated.
[25] GEOLOG 6 Data Acquisition System．GEOCOMP Corporation
[26] 邬宽明．CAN总线原理和应用系统设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．1996
[27] California Bearing Ratio LoadTracⅡ．GEOCOMP Corporation
[28] THK综合商品目录．THK CO．LTD．2000：D31
[29] 德国百格拉三相混合式步进电机及驱动系统．沈阳莱茵机电有限公司．2000
[30] 机械传动设计／中国机械工程学会，中国机械设计大典编委会．中国机械设计大典·卷4.南 昌：江西科学技术出版社．2002：906-928
[31] 德国NEUGART精密行星减速机．沈阳莱茵机电有限公司．2000
[32] 赵松年，张奇鹏．机电一体化机械系统设计．北京：机械工业出版社．1996：228-242
[33] COMTOP全球滚珠科技中文目录．全球滚珠科技股份有限公司．2003：38
[34] 王之芳．传感器应用技术．西安：西北工业大学出版社．1996：36-68
[35] TMS320LF_LC240xA DSP Controllers Reference Guide-System and Peripherals.Texas Instruments Incorporated.2001.
[36] User's Manual for LCD Module EDM240128F.Dalian Dongfu Color Display Co., Ltd.
[37] SPRS145H.Texas Instruments Incorporated.2002: 57, 70, 75
[38] SLVS230E.Texas Instruments Incorporated.2002
[39] SLVS209C.Texas Instruments Incorporated.2002
[40] Load Cell Test Data Sheet.Beijing Tedea-Huntleigh Electronics CO.LTD.
[41] LAU73.1 Installation and Operation Guide.Hauch & Bach Aps.
[42] http://www.senex.com.cn
[43] 高光天．模数转换应用技术．北京：科学出版社．2001
[44] Low-Power, Serial 16-Bit Sampling Analog-to-Digital Converter ADS7813.Burn-Brown.1997
[45] ADG704 CMOS Low Voltage 4V, 4-Channel Multiplexer.Analog Device, INC.1999
[46] B.Haimson, C.Chang.A new true triaxial cell for testing mechanical properties of rock, and its use to determine rock strength and deformability of Westerly granite.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Milling Sciences.2000, 37:285-296
[47] W.R.WAWERSIK, L.W.CARLSON.New Methods for True-Triaxial Rock Testing.International Journal of Rock and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstract.1997 34: 365
[48] Dayakar Penumadu, Rongda Zhao.Triaxial compression behavior of sand and gravel using artificial neural networks (ANN) .Computers and Geotechnics.1999 24:207-230
[2] 杨熙章．土工试验与原理．上海：同济大学出版社，1993：73-77，82-97，167-180
[3] (日)三木五三郎 著，陈世杰 译．日本土工试验法．北京：中国铁道出版社，1985.
[4] 赵聚云 杨熙章 等．K0固结真三轴仪的研制与试验研究．大坝观测与土工测试，1995，3：28-33.
[5] 南京水利电力仪器工程公司，土工试验仪器产品介绍，2000，9
[6] http：／／www．gdsinstruments．com／labrary．asp
[7] http：／／www．geocomp．com／products_level_2.asp
[8] http：／／www．humboldtmfg．com／soil．html
[9] http：／／www．eleusa．com
[10] http：／／www．wfi．co．uk
[11] http：／／www．mts．com／menusystem．asp
[12] 孙强，张发存 等．新一代动三轴仪计算机数据采集与处理系统．吉林工业大学学报， 1998，4：105-109
[13] 赵凌，陈涛．土高压三轴仪数据采集和处理系统的改进．岩土力学，1995，3：89-95
[14] 张建，周嘉林．动三轴仪土力学试验微机采样数据处理系统．陕西水力发电，1995，3：39-42
[15] 屈波，周玉庭．SY300-1型高压三轴仪微机测控系统研究．大坝观测与土工测试，2001，3：47-49
[16] 腾延京，杨焕玲 等．自动应力路径三轴仪的研制．建筑科学，1996，1：29-32
[17] 李彰明，杨文龙．土工试验数字控制及数据采集系统研制与应用．建筑技术开发，2002，1：21-22
[18] 孙超图，张江滨等．拉压与扭剪双向三轴仪微机测控的试验研究．西安理工大学学报， 1996，1：52-58
[19] 刘汉龙，周云东等．多功能静动三轴仪研制及在液化后大变形中的应用．大坝观测与土工测 试，2001，5：48-51
[20] 刘湘宁，周克骥等．一种多用途的体变测量与控制装置．大坝观测与土工测试，2001，3：44-46
[21] 邵龙潭，王助贫等．三轴试验土样径向变形的计算机图像测量．岩土工程学报，2001，5：337-341
[22] 中华人民共和国水利部．土工试验方法标准．北京：中国计划出版社，1999.3：28-32
[23] 孙传友，孙晓斌等．测控系统原理与设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[24] GDS Standard GDSTAS Automated Triaxial System．GDS Instruments Incorporated.
[25] GEOLOG 6 Data Acquisition System．GEOCOMP Corporation
[26] 邬宽明．CAN总线原理和应用系统设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．1996
[27] California Bearing Ratio LoadTracⅡ．GEOCOMP Corporation
[28] THK综合商品目录．THK CO．LTD．2000：D31
[29] 德国百格拉三相混合式步进电机及驱动系统．沈阳莱茵机电有限公司．2000
[30] 机械传动设计／中国机械工程学会，中国机械设计大典编委会．中国机械设计大典·卷4.南 昌：江西科学技术出版社．2002：906-928
[31] 德国NEUGART精密行星减速机．沈阳莱茵机电有限公司．2000
[32] 赵松年，张奇鹏．机电一体化机械系统设计．北京：机械工业出版社．1996：228-242
[33] COMTOP全球滚珠科技中文目录．全球滚珠科技股份有限公司．2003：38
[34] 王之芳．传感器应用技术．西安：西北工业大学出版社．1996：36-68
[35] TMS320LF_LC240xA DSP Controllers Reference Guide-System and Peripherals.Texas Instruments Incorporated.2001.
[36] User's Manual for LCD Module EDM240128F.Dalian Dongfu Color Display Co., Ltd.
[37] SPRS145H.Texas Instruments Incorporated.2002: 57, 70, 75
[38] SLVS230E.Texas Instruments Incorporated.2002
[39] SLVS209C.Texas Instruments Incorporated.2002
[40] Load Cell Test Data Sheet.Beijing Tedea-Huntleigh Electronics CO.LTD.
[41] LAU73.1 Installation and Operation Guide.Hauch & Bach Aps.
[42] http://www.senex.com.cn
[43] 高光天．模数转换应用技术．北京：科学出版社．2001
[44] Low-Power, Serial 16-Bit Sampling Analog-to-Digital Converter ADS7813.Burn-Brown.1997
[45] ADG704 CMOS Low Voltage 4V, 4-Channel Multiplexer.Analog Device, INC.1999
[46] B.Haimson, C.Chang.A new true triaxial cell for testing mechanical properties of rock, and its use to determine rock strength and deformability of Westerly granite.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Milling Sciences.2000, 37:285-296
[47] W.R.WAWERSIK, L.W.CARLSON.New Methods for True-Triaxial Rock Testing.International Journal of Rock and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstract.1997 34: 365
[48] Dayakar Penumadu, Rongda Zhao.Triaxial compression behavior of sand and gravel using artificial neural networks (ANN) .Computers and Geotechnics.1999 24:207-230