山东省沿岸大型底栖生物生态学研究
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摘要
本文利用2006年8月-2007年10月在山东省沿岸进行的四个航次所采集的大型底栖生物样品,对研究海域大型底栖生物的种类组成、优势种、丰度、生物量、生物多样性和次级生产力进行了研究；并采用多元统计方法分析了研究海域大型底栖生物的群落结构；用丰度／生物量比较曲线法分析大型底栖生物对自然和人为扰动产生的响应,为山东省沿岸大型底栖生物的生态学研究提供了宝贵的研究资料。主要研究结果如下：
1.四个航次共计鉴定出大型底栖生物378种,分属于腔肠动物门、扁形动物门、纽形动物门、环节动物门、软体动物门、节肢动物门、棘皮动物门、脊索动物门等8个门类。优势种有寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephthys oligobranchia)、中蚓虫(Mediomastus sp.)、不倒翁虫(Sternaspis sculata)、薄索足蛤(Thyasira tokunagai)、中蚓虫(Mediomastus sp.)、拟特须虫(Paralacydonia paradoxa)、东方缝栖蛤(Hiatella orientalia)和深钩毛虫(Sigambra bassi)等。
2.春季,大型底栖生物的总平均丰度为1328 ind./m2,各海区大型底栖生物丰度分布较均匀,没有出现明显的高值区与低值区；平均生物量为20.75g/m2,青岛海区平均生物量明显较高,海阳和乳山海区平均生物量则较低。夏季,大型底栖生物的平均丰度为1917 ind./m2,研究海域整体平均丰度较大,以胶州湾为代表的湾口海域生物丰度最大,远离岸边的海域生物平均丰度较低；平均生物量为16.46 g/m2,生物量分布不均匀,不同海区均有生物量高的站位出现。秋季,大型底栖生物的平均丰度为939ind./m2,青岛、海阳沿海平均丰度较高,日照、乳山沿岸海域平均丰度较低；平均生物量为16.55 g/m2,胶州湾等湾内平均生物量较高。冬季,大型底栖生物的总平均丰度为2431 ind./m2,青岛沿岸海域整体平均丰度较大,海阳、乳山前海生物丰度较低；平均生物量为11.10 g/m2,生物量分布不均匀,比较而言,研究海域平均生物量较低。
3.研究海域大型底栖生物可划分为三个群落。群落Ⅰ：寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephthys oligobranchia)不倒翁虫(Sternaspis sculata)-深钩毛虫(Sigambra bassi)群落,主要分布在乳山湾、胶州湾和鳌山湾,底质类型为粉砂粘土。群落Ⅱ：背蚓虫(Notomastus latericeus)-独指虫(Aricidea fragilis)-中蚓虫(Mediomastus sp.)群落,主要分布在青岛沿海海域,底质为砂和粉砂类型,是三个群落中最大的一个。群落Ⅲ：拟特须虫(Paralacydonia paradoxa)---独指虫(A.fragilis)---日本倍棘蛇尾(Amphioplus japonicus)群落,主要分布在日照沿海及其邻近海域,底质为砂质,个别站位有砾石。三个群落有着明显的季节变化。
4.研究海域大型底栖生物次级生产力平均值为8.03 g (A FDW)/(m2·a)。与渤海、东海和南黄海三个面积较大的陆架海域研究资料相比,本研究的结果略高。
5.整体来看,研究海域底栖生物群落多样性不高。相比而言,群落Ⅱ最高,群落Ⅱ和群落Ⅲ相差不大。多样性指数和丰度/生物量曲线表明研究海域大型底栖生物群落受到轻度扰动,海域环境有受到污染的迹象。
Extensive investigations on macrobenthic communities of Shore of Shandong Province were carried out from Aug.,2006 to Oct.,2007. The species composition, dominant species,abundance,biomass,biodiversity and the secondary production were analyzed; Multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the macrobenthic community structure and the ABC curves(abundance biomass comparison) was used to detect pollution-induced disturbance in marine benthic communities. The results can be used as the updated baseline for further study.
A total of 378 macrobenthic taxa were recorded in this survey belonging to Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Nemertinea, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordates, respectively. Nephthys oligobranchia,Mediomastus sp.,Sternaspis sculata,Thyasira tokunagai,Paralacydonia paradoxa, Hiatella orientalia and Sigambra bassi were the dominant species.
In spring, the mean abundance, biomass were 1328 ind./m2 and 20.75 g/m2.The abundance of macrobenthos was well-proportioned,while the biomass was higher in Qingdao sea area and was lower in Haiyang and Rushan sea area. In summer, the mean abundance, biomass were 1917 ind./m2 and 16.46 g/m2.The abundance of the study area was higher than other seasons. The abundance of Jiaozhou Bay was the highest area and the abundance of study area was lower off the shore.The biomass was not well-proportioned and there were several high value in the study area.In autumn, the mean abundance, biomass were 939 ind./m2 and 16.55 g/m2.The abundance was higher in Qingdao and Haiyang sea area,while was lower in Rizhao and Rushan sea area.The biomass was highest in the bays.In winter, the mean abundance, biomass were 2431 ind./m2 and 11.10 g/m2.The abundance of Qingdao sea area was higher than Haiyang and Rushan sea area, while the biomass was lower compared with other seasons.
Using a clusterisation dendrogram, three benthic assemblage types were distinguished. Type I, II, and III were titled as "Nephthys oligobranchia --- Sternaspis sculata --- Sigambra bassi assemblage", "Notomastus latericeus --- Aricidea fragilis--- Mediomastus sp. assemblage" and "Paralacydonia paradoxa --- A.fragilis ---Amphioplus japonicus assemblage" respectively. Type I located in Rushan Bay,Jiaozhou Bay and Aoshan Bay with clayey silt sediment texture and II located in Qingdao sea area with sandy sediment texture. Type III located in Rizhao sea area with sand and gravel sediment texture.The three benthic assemblage types were variational in different season.
The mean secondary production was 8.03 g (A FDW)/(m2·a) on the study area.And it is higher than Bohai,Donghai or Nanhuanghai.
Biodiversity was low in most parts of the study area. The highest diversity was observed in Type I assemblage, while the II and III were low. Biodiversity and the ABC plots showed polluted conditions in a certain extent in most part of the study area.
1.四个航次共计鉴定出大型底栖生物378种,分属于腔肠动物门、扁形动物门、纽形动物门、环节动物门、软体动物门、节肢动物门、棘皮动物门、脊索动物门等8个门类。优势种有寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephthys oligobranchia)、中蚓虫(Mediomastus sp.)、不倒翁虫(Sternaspis sculata)、薄索足蛤(Thyasira tokunagai)、中蚓虫(Mediomastus sp.)、拟特须虫(Paralacydonia paradoxa)、东方缝栖蛤(Hiatella orientalia)和深钩毛虫(Sigambra bassi)等。
2.春季,大型底栖生物的总平均丰度为1328 ind./m2,各海区大型底栖生物丰度分布较均匀,没有出现明显的高值区与低值区；平均生物量为20.75g/m2,青岛海区平均生物量明显较高,海阳和乳山海区平均生物量则较低。夏季,大型底栖生物的平均丰度为1917 ind./m2,研究海域整体平均丰度较大,以胶州湾为代表的湾口海域生物丰度最大,远离岸边的海域生物平均丰度较低；平均生物量为16.46 g/m2,生物量分布不均匀,不同海区均有生物量高的站位出现。秋季,大型底栖生物的平均丰度为939ind./m2,青岛、海阳沿海平均丰度较高,日照、乳山沿岸海域平均丰度较低；平均生物量为16.55 g/m2,胶州湾等湾内平均生物量较高。冬季,大型底栖生物的总平均丰度为2431 ind./m2,青岛沿岸海域整体平均丰度较大,海阳、乳山前海生物丰度较低；平均生物量为11.10 g/m2,生物量分布不均匀,比较而言,研究海域平均生物量较低。
3.研究海域大型底栖生物可划分为三个群落。群落Ⅰ：寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephthys oligobranchia)不倒翁虫(Sternaspis sculata)-深钩毛虫(Sigambra bassi)群落,主要分布在乳山湾、胶州湾和鳌山湾,底质类型为粉砂粘土。群落Ⅱ：背蚓虫(Notomastus latericeus)-独指虫(Aricidea fragilis)-中蚓虫(Mediomastus sp.)群落,主要分布在青岛沿海海域,底质为砂和粉砂类型,是三个群落中最大的一个。群落Ⅲ：拟特须虫(Paralacydonia paradoxa)---独指虫(A.fragilis)---日本倍棘蛇尾(Amphioplus japonicus)群落,主要分布在日照沿海及其邻近海域,底质为砂质,个别站位有砾石。三个群落有着明显的季节变化。
4.研究海域大型底栖生物次级生产力平均值为8.03 g (A FDW)/(m2·a)。与渤海、东海和南黄海三个面积较大的陆架海域研究资料相比,本研究的结果略高。
5.整体来看,研究海域底栖生物群落多样性不高。相比而言,群落Ⅱ最高,群落Ⅱ和群落Ⅲ相差不大。多样性指数和丰度/生物量曲线表明研究海域大型底栖生物群落受到轻度扰动,海域环境有受到污染的迹象。
Extensive investigations on macrobenthic communities of Shore of Shandong Province were carried out from Aug.,2006 to Oct.,2007. The species composition, dominant species,abundance,biomass,biodiversity and the secondary production were analyzed; Multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the macrobenthic community structure and the ABC curves(abundance biomass comparison) was used to detect pollution-induced disturbance in marine benthic communities. The results can be used as the updated baseline for further study.
A total of 378 macrobenthic taxa were recorded in this survey belonging to Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Nemertinea, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordates, respectively. Nephthys oligobranchia,Mediomastus sp.,Sternaspis sculata,Thyasira tokunagai,Paralacydonia paradoxa, Hiatella orientalia and Sigambra bassi were the dominant species.
In spring, the mean abundance, biomass were 1328 ind./m2 and 20.75 g/m2.The abundance of macrobenthos was well-proportioned,while the biomass was higher in Qingdao sea area and was lower in Haiyang and Rushan sea area. In summer, the mean abundance, biomass were 1917 ind./m2 and 16.46 g/m2.The abundance of the study area was higher than other seasons. The abundance of Jiaozhou Bay was the highest area and the abundance of study area was lower off the shore.The biomass was not well-proportioned and there were several high value in the study area.In autumn, the mean abundance, biomass were 939 ind./m2 and 16.55 g/m2.The abundance was higher in Qingdao and Haiyang sea area,while was lower in Rizhao and Rushan sea area.The biomass was highest in the bays.In winter, the mean abundance, biomass were 2431 ind./m2 and 11.10 g/m2.The abundance of Qingdao sea area was higher than Haiyang and Rushan sea area, while the biomass was lower compared with other seasons.
Using a clusterisation dendrogram, three benthic assemblage types were distinguished. Type I, II, and III were titled as "Nephthys oligobranchia --- Sternaspis sculata --- Sigambra bassi assemblage", "Notomastus latericeus --- Aricidea fragilis--- Mediomastus sp. assemblage" and "Paralacydonia paradoxa --- A.fragilis ---Amphioplus japonicus assemblage" respectively. Type I located in Rushan Bay,Jiaozhou Bay and Aoshan Bay with clayey silt sediment texture and II located in Qingdao sea area with sandy sediment texture. Type III located in Rizhao sea area with sand and gravel sediment texture.The three benthic assemblage types were variational in different season.
The mean secondary production was 8.03 g (A FDW)/(m2·a) on the study area.And it is higher than Bohai,Donghai or Nanhuanghai.
Biodiversity was low in most parts of the study area. The highest diversity was observed in Type I assemblage, while the II and III were low. Biodiversity and the ABC plots showed polluted conditions in a certain extent in most part of the study area.
引文
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