隧道围岩非线性特征描述及其稳定性的数值计算研究
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摘要
隧道是修筑在具有一定应力履历和构造迹象的各种围岩介质中的一种洞室结构体系,正确地理解和掌握围岩基本特征,对围岩稳定性做出评价,不仅关系到隧道的设计和施工方案,而且还决定着整个隧道工程的造价,而以往的线性准则存在一定局限性,因此,研究隧道岩体的强度非线性描述模型,及非线性描述特征下岩体的稳定性情况,具有重要工程意义。
论文通过收集前人资料、理论分析及数值仿真技术,对隧道围岩非线性特征描述模型及参数确定方法、岩体线性和非线性特征描述的数值实现、考虑围岩非线性特征的隧道稳定性、应力变形特征、安全顶板厚度的确定方法等相关方面进行了相应的系统研究,为工程实践提供科学指导。
探讨了Hoek-Brown准则和Barton-Bandis准则与Mohr-Coulomb准则之间的关系,并提出了它们之间参数的相互转换方法,分析了了非线性准则中各个参数对于剪切强度参数的影响。
根据岩体特征建立相应的线性和非线性岩体数值计算模型,探讨了Mohr-Coulomb线性破坏准则和Hoek-Brown非线性破坏准则的数值实现方法,以及实施过程,并通过对岩体进行了三轴压缩试验的数值模拟,验证了数值方法的可靠性,以及Hoek-Brown非线性破坏准则的优越性。
通过理论分析,推导了Hoek-Brown准则和Mohr-Coulomb准则的关系,并建立了基于Hoek-Brown准则的屈服接近度函数；通过隧道三维计算模型,编制了相应Hoek-Brown准则的屈服接近度程序,并验证了自编程序的正确性。
采用Hoek-Brown准则描述隧道围岩的破坏特征,并理论分析了围岩开挖后应力和变形情况；通过FLAC3D建立了隧道开挖的数值计算模型,分析Hoek-Brown准则下,隧道围岩的径向位移、切向位移、剪应变分布、和塑性区分布,并与理论结果进行对比。
利用FLAC3D建立层状隧道开挖的计算模型,分析不同侧压系数情况下层状岩体的变形破坏情况,探讨了不同情况下层状岩体隧道的变形和应力特征,以及相应的破坏情况。
提出了基于Hoek-Brown非线性准则的隧道顶板安全厚度的计算方法,并分析了隧道跨度与安全顶板厚度的关系,以及不同隧道跨度情况下,隧道围岩的应力变形和破坏特征。
将研究成果应用于工程实例中,对比了相应标段内的数值计算结果与监测结果的隧道拱顶沉降量,二者差别很小,从而说明了数值计算的正确性,为工程实践提供参考。
Tunnel is mainly built in the rock mass with some degree of stress and tectonic structure. Interpreting and mastering the basic characteristic of rock mass, and making the correct estimation of the surrounding rock mass stability, are not only related to the tunnel designing and construction, but also related to the whole tunneling engineering cost. The former linear describing criterion has some certain limitation, so it is important to study the nonlinear failure model for describing the rock mass strength, and the stability of rock mass under the nonlinear failure criterion, which has great engineering meanings.
The former research materials are collected in the present paper, while the theoretical analysis method and numerical simulation method are adopted. The following studies are done, the nonlinear failure model of the tunnel surrounding rock mass, the obtaining method for its parameters, tunnel stability under the nonlinear failure criterion, stress deformation characteristic, determination method of the roof thickness, etc, which can give some guidance for the real practice.
The transferring method of the parameters between Hoek-Brown criterion and Mohr-Coulomb criterion as well as the parameters between Barton-Bandis criterion and Mohr-Coulomb criterion are presented, and the effect of each nonlinear failure criterion parameter to the shear strength parameters are analyzed.
According to the numerical calculation model based on the linear failure criterion and the nonlinear failure criterion, the numerical realization method of the Mohr-Coulomb linear criterion and Hoek-Brown nonlinear failure criterion are introduced. The tri-axial compressive tests are done by the both numerical method, the results validate the correctness of the numerical method based on the Hoek-Brown nonlinear failure criterion, and shows its advantages.
The relationship between the parameters of Hoek-Brown criterion and Mohr-Coulomb criterion is founded by the theoretical method, the yielding approach index based on the Hoek-Brown criterion is deduced; Then a three dimensional calculation model is founded for the tunnel, the program for calculating the yielding approach index based on the Hoek-Brown criterion is compiled, and the validation of the program is done.
The failure characteristic of the tunnel surrounding rock mass is described by the Hoek-Brown criterion, and the theoretical analysis is done for the stress and deformation situation of rock mass after tunnel excavation; Then the numerical calculation model is founded by FLAC3D, to study the displacement, shear strain distribution and plastic zone distribution, whose results are compared with the theoretical result.
The stratified tunnel excavation model is founded by the FLAC3D, the deformation and failure situation of the stratified rock mass are analyzed, while the deformation and stress characteristic of rock mass based on the nonlinear failure criterion are presented.
The calculation method for the safety thickness of the roof after excavation in tunnel is proposed based on the Hoek-Brown nonlinear failure criterion, the relationship of the span of tunnel and the safety roof thickness is analyzed as well as the stress deformation and failure situation of tunnel surrounding rock mass.
The results of the studies are applied in the engineering practice, the comparisons are done for the settlement of tunnel roof in the real situation and the numerical situation, which shows that their differences are very small, and validates the correctness of the numerical calculation method. Finally, the results from the studies can give guidance for the real practice.
论文通过收集前人资料、理论分析及数值仿真技术,对隧道围岩非线性特征描述模型及参数确定方法、岩体线性和非线性特征描述的数值实现、考虑围岩非线性特征的隧道稳定性、应力变形特征、安全顶板厚度的确定方法等相关方面进行了相应的系统研究,为工程实践提供科学指导。
探讨了Hoek-Brown准则和Barton-Bandis准则与Mohr-Coulomb准则之间的关系,并提出了它们之间参数的相互转换方法,分析了了非线性准则中各个参数对于剪切强度参数的影响。
根据岩体特征建立相应的线性和非线性岩体数值计算模型,探讨了Mohr-Coulomb线性破坏准则和Hoek-Brown非线性破坏准则的数值实现方法,以及实施过程,并通过对岩体进行了三轴压缩试验的数值模拟,验证了数值方法的可靠性,以及Hoek-Brown非线性破坏准则的优越性。
通过理论分析,推导了Hoek-Brown准则和Mohr-Coulomb准则的关系,并建立了基于Hoek-Brown准则的屈服接近度函数；通过隧道三维计算模型,编制了相应Hoek-Brown准则的屈服接近度程序,并验证了自编程序的正确性。
采用Hoek-Brown准则描述隧道围岩的破坏特征,并理论分析了围岩开挖后应力和变形情况；通过FLAC3D建立了隧道开挖的数值计算模型,分析Hoek-Brown准则下,隧道围岩的径向位移、切向位移、剪应变分布、和塑性区分布,并与理论结果进行对比。
利用FLAC3D建立层状隧道开挖的计算模型,分析不同侧压系数情况下层状岩体的变形破坏情况,探讨了不同情况下层状岩体隧道的变形和应力特征,以及相应的破坏情况。
提出了基于Hoek-Brown非线性准则的隧道顶板安全厚度的计算方法,并分析了隧道跨度与安全顶板厚度的关系,以及不同隧道跨度情况下,隧道围岩的应力变形和破坏特征。
将研究成果应用于工程实例中,对比了相应标段内的数值计算结果与监测结果的隧道拱顶沉降量,二者差别很小,从而说明了数值计算的正确性,为工程实践提供参考。
Tunnel is mainly built in the rock mass with some degree of stress and tectonic structure. Interpreting and mastering the basic characteristic of rock mass, and making the correct estimation of the surrounding rock mass stability, are not only related to the tunnel designing and construction, but also related to the whole tunneling engineering cost. The former linear describing criterion has some certain limitation, so it is important to study the nonlinear failure model for describing the rock mass strength, and the stability of rock mass under the nonlinear failure criterion, which has great engineering meanings.
The former research materials are collected in the present paper, while the theoretical analysis method and numerical simulation method are adopted. The following studies are done, the nonlinear failure model of the tunnel surrounding rock mass, the obtaining method for its parameters, tunnel stability under the nonlinear failure criterion, stress deformation characteristic, determination method of the roof thickness, etc, which can give some guidance for the real practice.
The transferring method of the parameters between Hoek-Brown criterion and Mohr-Coulomb criterion as well as the parameters between Barton-Bandis criterion and Mohr-Coulomb criterion are presented, and the effect of each nonlinear failure criterion parameter to the shear strength parameters are analyzed.
According to the numerical calculation model based on the linear failure criterion and the nonlinear failure criterion, the numerical realization method of the Mohr-Coulomb linear criterion and Hoek-Brown nonlinear failure criterion are introduced. The tri-axial compressive tests are done by the both numerical method, the results validate the correctness of the numerical method based on the Hoek-Brown nonlinear failure criterion, and shows its advantages.
The relationship between the parameters of Hoek-Brown criterion and Mohr-Coulomb criterion is founded by the theoretical method, the yielding approach index based on the Hoek-Brown criterion is deduced; Then a three dimensional calculation model is founded for the tunnel, the program for calculating the yielding approach index based on the Hoek-Brown criterion is compiled, and the validation of the program is done.
The failure characteristic of the tunnel surrounding rock mass is described by the Hoek-Brown criterion, and the theoretical analysis is done for the stress and deformation situation of rock mass after tunnel excavation; Then the numerical calculation model is founded by FLAC3D, to study the displacement, shear strain distribution and plastic zone distribution, whose results are compared with the theoretical result.
The stratified tunnel excavation model is founded by the FLAC3D, the deformation and failure situation of the stratified rock mass are analyzed, while the deformation and stress characteristic of rock mass based on the nonlinear failure criterion are presented.
The calculation method for the safety thickness of the roof after excavation in tunnel is proposed based on the Hoek-Brown nonlinear failure criterion, the relationship of the span of tunnel and the safety roof thickness is analyzed as well as the stress deformation and failure situation of tunnel surrounding rock mass.
The results of the studies are applied in the engineering practice, the comparisons are done for the settlement of tunnel roof in the real situation and the numerical situation, which shows that their differences are very small, and validates the correctness of the numerical calculation method. Finally, the results from the studies can give guidance for the real practice.
引文
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