基于数据网格的地理空间信息协作共享系统研究
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摘要
地理空间数据在很多研究领域(包括地质、气象、农业、全球气候变化、灾害监测控制等)以及经济与社会活动中发挥着越来越重要的作用，目前已经有相当多的公共与私有组织采用遥感、实地监测、模拟计算等各种手段获取了大量的地理空间数据，并且存放在分布于世界各地的地理空间数据中心。然而如何有效地利用这些在地域上分布的海量地理空间数据仍然存在相当多的问题。
地理空间科学是跨领域的交叉学科，地理空间科学的研究通常需要对大量、多种类型的数据与信息进行处理。地理空间数据体积庞大，且具有分布性、多源性、数据结构与格式的多样性等特点，所以需要一种行之有效的方法对分布的海量地理空间数据进行管理与利用，以减轻搜索、整合与预处理科学计算所需地理空间数据的负担。另一方面，目前大多数存档地理空间数据为原始数据或者经过初步预处理的标准数据，然而这些数据并不能被地理空间领域用户直接使用，他们所需的是包含有地理空间信息以及知识的高层地理空间数据。一种能够让用户利用已有的地理空间数据与服务资源按需定制高层数据的机制能够在很大程度上促进对地理空间数据的利用。
本文探讨了网格技术在地理空间科学领域的应用。本文将网格技术与地理空间科学领域的相关技术与标准相结合，设计并实现了基于数据网格的地理空间信息协作共享系统。本文的研究主要集中在以下几个方面：
1)结合地理空间科学领域的特点，对五层沙漏网格模型进行扩展，阐述了地理空间数据网格体系结构。
2)基于OGC CSW规范，结合ebXML与地理空间科学领域的相关标准(ISO19115、ISO 19119、ECS等)，设计并实现了地理空间信息网络目录服务，提供对分布式地理空间数据与服务元数据信息的注册、管理与查询功能。
3)将网格技术与OGC Web服务技术相结合，设计了地理空间数据网格系统。该网格系统能够对分布海量地理空间数据进行集成与管理，为用户提供对分布式地理空间数据的统一、通用、可按需定制的获取机制。
4)基于SOA技术，阐述了虚拟地理空间数据的概念。借助于虚拟地理空间数据，地理空间领域的专家用户与普通用户可以方便地进行领域知识的共享。
5)基于本文所设计的地理空间数据网格，设计了虚拟地理空间数据系统，用于创建、实例化与生成虚拟地理空间数据实例。
6)利用Globus Toolkit，在真实的广域网环境中实现并部署了基于数据网格的地理空间信息协作共享系统，验证了本文阐述的相关概念与体系结构设计。
Geospatial data are playing more and more important roles in many research areas (geology, meteorology, agriculture, global climate change, disaster monitoring and controlling, etc) and social/economic activities. Currently many public and private sector organizations have collected huge amount of numerous types of geospatial data using techniques like remote sensing, in-situ measuring, and computer simulation. Those large amounts of geospatial data are archived in different data centers distributed around the world. But there are still many problems associated with the effective use of geospatial data.
Geoscience research is multi-disciplinary. It needs to analyze a large amount of data and information. Geospatial data are usually large in volume and geographically distributed. They are collected from multiple sources and archived in different data models and formats. So there is a need for a mechanism to effectively manage and utilize large amounts of distributed geospatial data, so that the burden to search, integrate, and preprocess data for geospatial computation can be relieved. Also, most of archived geospatial data are raw or standard data, which can not be used by most users directly. What users need are high-level data that contain necessary geospatial information and knowledge. A mechanism that enables users to utilize existing geospatial data and services resources to create customized high-level geospatial data can greatly promote the utilization of geospatial resources.
This paper explores the application of Grid technology in the geospatial domain. It leverages Grid technology and related geospatial domain technologies and standards to design a geospatial information collaborative sharing system based on data Grid. The main research topics of this paper are:
1) Based on the characteristics of geospatial domain, the 5-layer Grid architecture was extended for the geospatial data Grid.
2) Based on the OGC CSW Specification, ebXML, and related geoscience standards (ISO 19115 I/II, ISO 19119, ECS, etc), we designed and implemented a geospatial information catalogue service to provide the capabilities of registeration, management, and utilization of large amounts of distributed geospatial data and services.
3) By integrating Grid technology and OGC Web Services technology, we designed a geospatial data Grid system, which enables the integration and management of large amounts of distributed geospatial data. This system also provides users a common, interoperable mechanism to acquire distributed geospatial data in a customizable, dynamic way.
4) Based on the SOA technology, we proposed the concept of virtual geospatial data. Virtual geospatial data provides geospatial domain experts and common users an effective way to communicate and share knowledge in a collaborative manner.
5) We designed a virtual geospatial data system, which provides the capabilities of creation, instantiation, and materialization of virtual geospatial data.
6) By using Globus Toolkit, we implemented and deployed a Grid-based geospatial information collaborative sharing system in a real wide-area network environment to validate the concepts and architectures we proposed in this paper.
地理空间科学是跨领域的交叉学科，地理空间科学的研究通常需要对大量、多种类型的数据与信息进行处理。地理空间数据体积庞大，且具有分布性、多源性、数据结构与格式的多样性等特点，所以需要一种行之有效的方法对分布的海量地理空间数据进行管理与利用，以减轻搜索、整合与预处理科学计算所需地理空间数据的负担。另一方面，目前大多数存档地理空间数据为原始数据或者经过初步预处理的标准数据，然而这些数据并不能被地理空间领域用户直接使用，他们所需的是包含有地理空间信息以及知识的高层地理空间数据。一种能够让用户利用已有的地理空间数据与服务资源按需定制高层数据的机制能够在很大程度上促进对地理空间数据的利用。
本文探讨了网格技术在地理空间科学领域的应用。本文将网格技术与地理空间科学领域的相关技术与标准相结合，设计并实现了基于数据网格的地理空间信息协作共享系统。本文的研究主要集中在以下几个方面：
1)结合地理空间科学领域的特点，对五层沙漏网格模型进行扩展，阐述了地理空间数据网格体系结构。
2)基于OGC CSW规范，结合ebXML与地理空间科学领域的相关标准(ISO19115、ISO 19119、ECS等)，设计并实现了地理空间信息网络目录服务，提供对分布式地理空间数据与服务元数据信息的注册、管理与查询功能。
3)将网格技术与OGC Web服务技术相结合，设计了地理空间数据网格系统。该网格系统能够对分布海量地理空间数据进行集成与管理，为用户提供对分布式地理空间数据的统一、通用、可按需定制的获取机制。
4)基于SOA技术，阐述了虚拟地理空间数据的概念。借助于虚拟地理空间数据，地理空间领域的专家用户与普通用户可以方便地进行领域知识的共享。
5)基于本文所设计的地理空间数据网格，设计了虚拟地理空间数据系统，用于创建、实例化与生成虚拟地理空间数据实例。
6)利用Globus Toolkit，在真实的广域网环境中实现并部署了基于数据网格的地理空间信息协作共享系统，验证了本文阐述的相关概念与体系结构设计。
Geospatial data are playing more and more important roles in many research areas (geology, meteorology, agriculture, global climate change, disaster monitoring and controlling, etc) and social/economic activities. Currently many public and private sector organizations have collected huge amount of numerous types of geospatial data using techniques like remote sensing, in-situ measuring, and computer simulation. Those large amounts of geospatial data are archived in different data centers distributed around the world. But there are still many problems associated with the effective use of geospatial data.
Geoscience research is multi-disciplinary. It needs to analyze a large amount of data and information. Geospatial data are usually large in volume and geographically distributed. They are collected from multiple sources and archived in different data models and formats. So there is a need for a mechanism to effectively manage and utilize large amounts of distributed geospatial data, so that the burden to search, integrate, and preprocess data for geospatial computation can be relieved. Also, most of archived geospatial data are raw or standard data, which can not be used by most users directly. What users need are high-level data that contain necessary geospatial information and knowledge. A mechanism that enables users to utilize existing geospatial data and services resources to create customized high-level geospatial data can greatly promote the utilization of geospatial resources.
This paper explores the application of Grid technology in the geospatial domain. It leverages Grid technology and related geospatial domain technologies and standards to design a geospatial information collaborative sharing system based on data Grid. The main research topics of this paper are:
1) Based on the characteristics of geospatial domain, the 5-layer Grid architecture was extended for the geospatial data Grid.
2) Based on the OGC CSW Specification, ebXML, and related geoscience standards (ISO 19115 I/II, ISO 19119, ECS, etc), we designed and implemented a geospatial information catalogue service to provide the capabilities of registeration, management, and utilization of large amounts of distributed geospatial data and services.
3) By integrating Grid technology and OGC Web Services technology, we designed a geospatial data Grid system, which enables the integration and management of large amounts of distributed geospatial data. This system also provides users a common, interoperable mechanism to acquire distributed geospatial data in a customizable, dynamic way.
4) Based on the SOA technology, we proposed the concept of virtual geospatial data. Virtual geospatial data provides geospatial domain experts and common users an effective way to communicate and share knowledge in a collaborative manner.
5) We designed a virtual geospatial data system, which provides the capabilities of creation, instantiation, and materialization of virtual geospatial data.
6) By using Globus Toolkit, we implemented and deployed a Grid-based geospatial information collaborative sharing system in a real wide-area network environment to validate the concepts and architectures we proposed in this paper.
引文
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