高速公路隧道开挖引起既有公路的沉降预测与影响因素研究
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摘要
随着我国交通事业飞速发展,出现了大量隧道下穿既有公路的工程,为了保证施工期间公路的正常运营和隧道施工安全,有必要在隧道开挖之前对隧道开挖引起的地表沉降进行预测来指导隧道施工。本文以红竹山隧道下穿公路为工程背景,运用Peck公式、随机介质理论和数值计算法研究了隧道施工引起的地表沉降变形,主要研究内容有：
1.论述了Peck公式计算隧道地表沉降变形的方法,然后利用叠加的方法将其应用于计算双线平行隧道施工引起的地表沉降变形,并通过实例分析说明这种方法对计算双线平行隧道施工地表沉降变形是适用的。
2.应用二重积分换元法理论将随机介质理论的计算公式从直角坐标系转换到极坐标系,可以计算任意洞形隧道施工引起的地表沉降变形；利用Peck公式和随机介质理论的关系确定随机介质理论中的计算参数,使得随机介质理论更加适用于工程实际；然后运用叠加的方法将其应用于计算双线平行隧道施工引起的地表沉降变形,并通过实例分析说明这种方法对计算双线平行隧道施工地表沉降变形是适用的。
3.应用FLAC3D有限差分软件预测了红竹山平行双线隧道施工引起的地表沉降,并与Peck公式和随机介质理论的计算结果进行对比分析。
4.应用FLAC3D有限差分软件研究了不同因素对浅埋暗挖隧道的影响,重点研究了围岩性质、隧道埋深、支护措施、开挖进尺、开挖方式、地表荷载对隧道开挖后地表稳定性的影响。
5.通过对红竹山隧道现场施工观测,总结出隧道开挖引起地表路面破损的形式及原因,提出隧道下穿公路控制地表路面沉降的措施；依据Peck公式推导出公路路面沉降控制标准计算公式。
With the rapid development of transport a large number of tunnels beneath the existing roads has appeared, It is necessary to forecast the subsidence of ground surface which caused by tunnel excavation for protecting the normal operation of road and maintaining the salty of tunnel construction.Based on Hong zhushan tunnel beneath the existing road, this thesis analyses the surface subsidence and deformation caused by the construction of tunnel with the methods of Peck formula, random medium theory and numerical simulation.This thesis includes work as follows:
1.The ground subsidence and deformation caused by the construction of double parallel tunnels is obtained by the Peck formula with overlay superposition method.The method,which is used to caculated the surfacesubsidence and deformation caused by the construction of double parallel tunnels,js proved to be appropriate through examples.
2. Applying of double integral substitution method transform from cartesian coordinates' stochastic medium theory to polar coordinates',which can calculate the surface subsidence and deformation caused by the construction of arbitrary shape of tunnel. Peck formula and random medium theory are similar,which make the calculation parameters of random medium theory can be expressed by the calculation parameters of Peck formula.This improved stochastic medium theory is more suitable for engineering practice, This thesis make use of the improved random medium theory to calculate the surface subsidence caused by the construction of double parallel tunnels, which is proved to be appropriate through examples.
3.Applying of FLAC3D finite difference software forecast the surface subsidence caused by the construction of Hong zhushan double parallel tunnels,which is compared with the subsidence that is calculated respectively by the uses of Peck formula and radom mediun theory.
3.Applying of FLAC3D finite difference software studies the different impact factors of the surface subsidence of the shallow tunnel,which focuses on the nature of rock, the tunnel depth, the construction method,the excavation of footage,the supporting measures and the load of surface.
4.The types and reasons of road broken which cuased by the construction of tunnel has been summed up through the observation of construction of Hong zhushan double parallel tunnels,and the measures which control road surface subsidence has been proposed.The formula of road surface subsidence standard has been deduced.
1.论述了Peck公式计算隧道地表沉降变形的方法,然后利用叠加的方法将其应用于计算双线平行隧道施工引起的地表沉降变形,并通过实例分析说明这种方法对计算双线平行隧道施工地表沉降变形是适用的。
2.应用二重积分换元法理论将随机介质理论的计算公式从直角坐标系转换到极坐标系,可以计算任意洞形隧道施工引起的地表沉降变形；利用Peck公式和随机介质理论的关系确定随机介质理论中的计算参数,使得随机介质理论更加适用于工程实际；然后运用叠加的方法将其应用于计算双线平行隧道施工引起的地表沉降变形,并通过实例分析说明这种方法对计算双线平行隧道施工地表沉降变形是适用的。
3.应用FLAC3D有限差分软件预测了红竹山平行双线隧道施工引起的地表沉降,并与Peck公式和随机介质理论的计算结果进行对比分析。
4.应用FLAC3D有限差分软件研究了不同因素对浅埋暗挖隧道的影响,重点研究了围岩性质、隧道埋深、支护措施、开挖进尺、开挖方式、地表荷载对隧道开挖后地表稳定性的影响。
5.通过对红竹山隧道现场施工观测,总结出隧道开挖引起地表路面破损的形式及原因,提出隧道下穿公路控制地表路面沉降的措施；依据Peck公式推导出公路路面沉降控制标准计算公式。
With the rapid development of transport a large number of tunnels beneath the existing roads has appeared, It is necessary to forecast the subsidence of ground surface which caused by tunnel excavation for protecting the normal operation of road and maintaining the salty of tunnel construction.Based on Hong zhushan tunnel beneath the existing road, this thesis analyses the surface subsidence and deformation caused by the construction of tunnel with the methods of Peck formula, random medium theory and numerical simulation.This thesis includes work as follows:
1.The ground subsidence and deformation caused by the construction of double parallel tunnels is obtained by the Peck formula with overlay superposition method.The method,which is used to caculated the surfacesubsidence and deformation caused by the construction of double parallel tunnels,js proved to be appropriate through examples.
2. Applying of double integral substitution method transform from cartesian coordinates' stochastic medium theory to polar coordinates',which can calculate the surface subsidence and deformation caused by the construction of arbitrary shape of tunnel. Peck formula and random medium theory are similar,which make the calculation parameters of random medium theory can be expressed by the calculation parameters of Peck formula.This improved stochastic medium theory is more suitable for engineering practice, This thesis make use of the improved random medium theory to calculate the surface subsidence caused by the construction of double parallel tunnels, which is proved to be appropriate through examples.
3.Applying of FLAC3D finite difference software forecast the surface subsidence caused by the construction of Hong zhushan double parallel tunnels,which is compared with the subsidence that is calculated respectively by the uses of Peck formula and radom mediun theory.
3.Applying of FLAC3D finite difference software studies the different impact factors of the surface subsidence of the shallow tunnel,which focuses on the nature of rock, the tunnel depth, the construction method,the excavation of footage,the supporting measures and the load of surface.
4.The types and reasons of road broken which cuased by the construction of tunnel has been summed up through the observation of construction of Hong zhushan double parallel tunnels,and the measures which control road surface subsidence has been proposed.The formula of road surface subsidence standard has been deduced.
引文
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[2]侯学渊,廖少明.盾构隧道沉降预估.地下工程与隧道,1993(4)：24-25
[3]刘建航,侯学渊.盾构法隧道[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1991,43-320.
[4]姜忻良,赵志民,李园.隧道开挖引起土层沉降槽形态的分析与计算.岩土力学,2004,25(10)：1542-1544
[5]尹旅超,朱振宏等译.日本隧道盾构新技术.华中理工大学出版社,1997：68.69
[6]Fang Y S, Lin J S and Su C S. An estimation of ground settlement due to shield tunnelling by the Peck-Fujita method. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1994, (31):431-443
[7]Cording E J, Hansmire. "Displacements around soft ground tunnels. " General Rep.5th Pan Amwrican Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Session IV,1975,517-632
[8]Shirlaw J N, Doran S, and Bejamin B. "A case study of two tunnels driven in the Singapore'boulder bed'and in grout coral sands. " Publication, No.5, Engineering Geology and Underground Movements, Geological Society Engineering Geology Special,1988,93-103
[9]Suwansawat S, Einstein H H. Describing Settlement Troughs over Twin Tunnels Using a Superposition Technique. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2007,133(4):445～468
[10]Chapman DN, Rogers C DF, and Hunt D V L. Investigating the settlement above closely spaced multiple tunnel construction in soft ground. In Proceeding of the ITA World Tunnel Congress, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Edited by J. Saveur.' A. A. alkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands,2003, (2):629～636
[11]Sagaseta C. Analysis of undrained soil deformation due to ground loss. Geotechnique,1987,37(3):301～320
[12]Verriijt A, Booker J R. Surface Settlement due to Deformation of A Tunnel in An Elastic Half Plane. Geotechnique,1996,46(4):753～756
[13]Mindlin R D. Stress distribution around a tunnel. Transactions of the ASCE, 1940:1117～1153
[14]孙均,侯学渊.地下结构.北京：科学出版社,1988
[15]久武胜保.软岩隧道的非线性弹塑性状态.隧道译从,1992(1)：11-18
[16]Litwiniszyn J, Fundamental principles of the mechanics of stochastic medium, Proc. of 3th Conf,Theo. Appl. Meeh., Bongalore, India,1957
[17]Liu Baochen. Ground surface movements due to underground excavation in the Pr R. China, in Hudson ed., Comprehensive Rock Engineering[M],chap.29,Volume 4, NewYork:Pergamon Press.1993.781-817
[18]刘宝琛,张家生.近地表开挖引起的地表沉降的随机介质方法.岩石力学与工程学报,1995,voI.14
[19]朱忠隆,张庆贺,易宏传.软土隧道纵向地表沉降的随机预测方法.岩土力学,2001,V01.22(1)：56-59
[20]田尚志.深圳地铁重叠隧道的模型试验研究[D].成都：西南交通大学土木工程学院.2000.
[21]李维,何川,张志强.大型地下结构下修建盾构隧道模型试验.西南交通大学学报,2005,40(4)：478-483
[22]刘涛,沈明荣,陶履彬等.连拱隧道动态施工模型试验与三维数值仿真模拟研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(9)：1082-1089
[23]章为民,窦宜.土工离心模拟技术的发展[J].南京水利科学研究院水利水运科学研究,1995(3)：294--300
[24]Craig.W.H.Edouard Phillips and the Idea of Centrifuge Modeling[M]. Geotechnique.1989:31～35
[25]R. N. Taylor. Geotechnical Centrifuge Technology[M]. London:SE E dmunds burg Press.1994:22～24
[26]T Kimura, R. J. Mair,Centrifugal testing of model tunnels in soft clay[A]. Proc. of 10th Int. Conf. Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering[C], Stockholm, Balkema,1981
[27]Mair R J, Gunn M J, Oreilly M P.软粘土中浅埋隧道周围地层运动.隧道译丛,1983,10：47-53
[28]周顺华.城市地铁车站和开挖环境模拟[D].成都：西南交通大学,1996.71-86
[29]卓家寿,章青.不连续介质力学问题的界面元法.北京：科学出版社,2000.
[30]马紫娟,王李管,刘红兵.土压平衡盾构双线隧道施工引起的地表沉降规 律研究.石家庄铁道学院学报(自然科学版),2007,20(4)：49-53
[31]朱正国,贾晓云,李文江等,暗渠下穿高速公路施工过程的数值模拟及计算过程.岩土力学,2009,30(6)
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