我国食品安全监管体制改革研究
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摘要
食品安全是当今世界上人们所关注的焦点问题,每年食品安全问题所造成的严重后果,已使它成为公共健康面临的最主要的威胁之一。因此,世界各国政府均将食品安全监管作为政府的重要职能。食品安全已经成为衡量人们生活质量、社会管理水平和国家法制建设的一个重要方面。近几年来,人们赖以生存的食品所引起的灾难性事件层出不穷。食品安全成为关系国计民生的一个极为突出的政府问题和社会问题。它已经对人的健康造成了严重危害,甚至威胁着人的生命,而且对国家经济发展、政治稳定、社会安宁造成了很大的干扰和威胁。尤其应该看到的是,国内诸多的食品安全事件所暴露出来的食品安全管理体制的弊端及其缓慢无力的变革进度,与欧美国家一直孜孜不倦地致力于改革食品安全监管机构的不懈努力构成了极大的反差,致使改革现行食品安全监管体制的呼声越来越强烈。在这种背景下,加强我国食品安全监管的理论与实践研究,建立和完善食品安全体系,实施有效的食品安全对策,对于改善和促进我国食品安全监管、减少食品危害的发生、减轻政府工作的压力、树立政府良好形象、改善人民生活水平,均有极其重要的促进作用。对于现处在社会主义市场经济初级阶段,并且经济高速发展、改革正处在转型期间的中国来讲,有效、平稳地处理各类食品安全问题,是我们必须面对和需要认真研究解决的重大问题。
本文共分六大部分。第一部分为导论部分。首先提出论文欲以提出的问题及其研究意义；然后对国内外相关研究的文献进行全面的陈述和评价；再就研究的思路与框架和研究方法进行简单的说明。第二部分阐述的是食品安全监管体制的概念内涵和研究的理论基础。第三部分着重论述了我国食品安全监管体制的历史沿革、各地的改革探索、现行食品安全监管体制存在的问题及原因。第四部分研究分析了西方四种食品安全监管模式及其对我国食品安全监管体制改革的借鉴价值。第五部分从法治建设、府际关系治理、制度建设、社会监管网等四个方面提出我国食品安全监管体制改革的路径对策。第六部分对全文进行总结,提出进一步研究的方向。
Food Safety is one of the focus of concerns in the modern world. The serious consequences which caused by the Food Safety problem had become one of the most important threats of Public Health every year. Therefore, governments worldwide are targeted Food Safety Supervision as an important function of government. Moreover, Food Safety has become an important measurement to people's quality of life, social management level and the national legal system.
In recent years, the catastrophic events caused by Food Safety tribulation are emerging one after another. Food Security has become a very prominent governmental and social problem that related to the national economy and people's livelihood. It had been not only a great harm to human health and even human lives, but also hindered national economic development, political stability and social tranquility.
In addition, the domestic Food Safety incidents had exposed many shortcomings of current Food Safety management system and the government's inability and the slow response towards change of the old system. It is significantly different from the phenomenon that the United States and Europe countries are trying to put more effort and tireless commitment to reform the Food safety regulatory agencies. Hence, the reforming of existing food safety regulatory system is becoming more necessary and urgent.
In this context, more researches on the supervision of Chinese Food Safety; establishment and improvement of the Food Safety system, the implementation of effective Food Safety measures are extremely important and highly appropriate to improve and promote China's Food Safety Supervision, to reduce the incidence of food hazards, to ease the pressure on government; to establish a good image of the government and to improve people's living standards.
China is now in the initial stage of the socialist market economy, the economy is in a transition period and developing in a rapid speed. How to effectively and smoothly handling the various Food Safety issues are the major issues that needed to be seriously addressed. Moreover, it would result a profound impact to the current social system.
This paper has been divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction part. The introduction part presented the research questions and objectives of the paper; the evaluation of the literature on both domestic and foreign papers, and a brief instructions on the research method and framework for the study as well. The second chapter of this paper illustrated the concept of the Food Safety Supervision and analyzed the fundamental theories of the research. The third part focuses on the reforms of food safety Supervision system in Chinese history and different areas. Besides, the current problems of Food Safety Supervision and their causes are discussed in this chapter as well. The fourth part analyzed and commented four western supervision models, and to what extend they could be used to the Chinese Food Safety Supervision system. The fifth part pointed out the possible solutions for the reforms of current Chinese Food Safety Supervision from the following four aspects; the rules of laws, intergovernmental relations governance, institutional construction and the social regulation. The last Part summarized of the whole paper and indicated the direction of the further researches.
本文共分六大部分。第一部分为导论部分。首先提出论文欲以提出的问题及其研究意义；然后对国内外相关研究的文献进行全面的陈述和评价；再就研究的思路与框架和研究方法进行简单的说明。第二部分阐述的是食品安全监管体制的概念内涵和研究的理论基础。第三部分着重论述了我国食品安全监管体制的历史沿革、各地的改革探索、现行食品安全监管体制存在的问题及原因。第四部分研究分析了西方四种食品安全监管模式及其对我国食品安全监管体制改革的借鉴价值。第五部分从法治建设、府际关系治理、制度建设、社会监管网等四个方面提出我国食品安全监管体制改革的路径对策。第六部分对全文进行总结,提出进一步研究的方向。
Food Safety is one of the focus of concerns in the modern world. The serious consequences which caused by the Food Safety problem had become one of the most important threats of Public Health every year. Therefore, governments worldwide are targeted Food Safety Supervision as an important function of government. Moreover, Food Safety has become an important measurement to people's quality of life, social management level and the national legal system.
In recent years, the catastrophic events caused by Food Safety tribulation are emerging one after another. Food Security has become a very prominent governmental and social problem that related to the national economy and people's livelihood. It had been not only a great harm to human health and even human lives, but also hindered national economic development, political stability and social tranquility.
In addition, the domestic Food Safety incidents had exposed many shortcomings of current Food Safety management system and the government's inability and the slow response towards change of the old system. It is significantly different from the phenomenon that the United States and Europe countries are trying to put more effort and tireless commitment to reform the Food safety regulatory agencies. Hence, the reforming of existing food safety regulatory system is becoming more necessary and urgent.
In this context, more researches on the supervision of Chinese Food Safety; establishment and improvement of the Food Safety system, the implementation of effective Food Safety measures are extremely important and highly appropriate to improve and promote China's Food Safety Supervision, to reduce the incidence of food hazards, to ease the pressure on government; to establish a good image of the government and to improve people's living standards.
China is now in the initial stage of the socialist market economy, the economy is in a transition period and developing in a rapid speed. How to effectively and smoothly handling the various Food Safety issues are the major issues that needed to be seriously addressed. Moreover, it would result a profound impact to the current social system.
This paper has been divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction part. The introduction part presented the research questions and objectives of the paper; the evaluation of the literature on both domestic and foreign papers, and a brief instructions on the research method and framework for the study as well. The second chapter of this paper illustrated the concept of the Food Safety Supervision and analyzed the fundamental theories of the research. The third part focuses on the reforms of food safety Supervision system in Chinese history and different areas. Besides, the current problems of Food Safety Supervision and their causes are discussed in this chapter as well. The fourth part analyzed and commented four western supervision models, and to what extend they could be used to the Chinese Food Safety Supervision system. The fifth part pointed out the possible solutions for the reforms of current Chinese Food Safety Supervision from the following four aspects; the rules of laws, intergovernmental relations governance, institutional construction and the social regulation. The last Part summarized of the whole paper and indicated the direction of the further researches.
引文
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③Jules Pretty. The Earth Only Endures:On Reconnecting With Nature and Our Place in It. London:Earthscan. 2001.
①世界粮食会议行动计划http://www.fao.org/wfs/index_zh.htm
②张守文.当前我国围绕食品安全内涵及相关立法的研究热点.食品科技,2005,(9)：1
③杨洁彬,王晶,王柏琴.食品安全性.北京：中国轻工业出版社,2003
①李新生.食品安全与中国安全食品的发展现状.食品科学,2003,(8)
②植草益.微观规制经济学.北京：中国发展出版社,1992,1-2
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①颜廷锐.中国行政体制改革问题报告.北京：中国发展出版社,2004,5
②沈亚平,王骚.公共管理案例分析.天津：天津人学出版社,2006,3
③颜廷锐.中国行政体制改革问题报告.北京：中国发展出版社,2004,6
①吕丽娜.构建和谐社会进程中地方政府行为的规范——基于委托代理理论的思考.湖北省行政管理学会2006年年会论文集,2007
②刘泰洪.委托代理理论下地方政府机会主义行为分析.中国石油大学学报(社会科学),2008,(1)
①刘泰洪.委托代理理论下地方政府机会主义行为分析.中国石油大学学报(社会科学版),2008,(1)
①张烨.委托代理制的基本理论及启示.企业家天地,2008,(7)
①王全兴.经济法论丛.北京：中国检察出版社,2004,27-28
①朱晓燕.对运动式执法的反思.理论与改革,2005,(1)
①阮兴文.论食品安全监管公众参与机制.理论月刊,2009,(4)：123-124
①刘刚,施黎明.丹麦政府对食品安全的监管.上海质量,2006,(2)：42-45
②周陶陶,黄伟,张劲松.丹麦HACCP体系认证标准DS 3027 E 1998引介.HACCP认证,2003,(3)：29-32
①菁菁.美国食品安呈法规进展.中国质量技术监督.2009,(7)：78
②肖平辉.澳大利亚食品安全管理历史演进.太平洋学报,2007,(4)：70
①罗杰,任端平,杨云霞.我国食品安全监管体制的缺陷与完善.食品科学,2006,(7)：253
②周颖.浅议食品安全管理.上海标准化,2004,(9)：53-57
①Gilles Parquet.Governance through Social Learning.Ottawa:University of Ottawa Press,1999,214
②Taket A,White L.Prartnership and participation.NY:lohn Wiley & Sons,2000,3-4
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