城市社区非营利组织功能研究
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摘要
本文以大庆市红岗区伟业社区为个案,一方面考察了社区非营利组织的发展状况,以实证研究方法从社区非营利组织与政府关系、与社区居委会关系、与社区居民关系三个层面对社区非营利组织的功能进行分析;另一方面,客观地提出伟业社区非营利组织功能发挥障碍,并对其形成原因进行全面分析。受大庆新兴石油城市发展较晚、区域发展不平衡以及观念的局限,非营利组织组织在该社区中功能的发挥还很不充分。为了更好的发展社区非营利组织,更好的发挥其在社区中的重要作用,需要从拓宽筹资渠道、培养专业化队伍、提高志愿参与程度、完善管理体制、加强公信力建设等角度发展社区非营利组织,进一步提高其能力和水平,促使其功能得到最大程度的发挥,以增强非营利组织组织在社区治理中的合力。
Non-profit organizations in urban community, as a kind of community organization and social organization, not for profit, has their own advantages、functions and operational ways. In mutual benefit activities and public benefit activities carried on in urban community, the community non-profit organizations has played an important role and has become the key of the urban community service. So to speak the developmental level of urban community is the important logo to evaluate the degree of civilization of the society, and the developmental degree of the community non-profit organizations decides the developmental degree of urban community. Therefore, the research on functions of non-profit organizations in urban community not only is in favor of transforming the governmental functions, straightening out the community relations and perfecting community functions and pushing forward the community development, but also has the important significance to founding the management system in urban community, using and allocating resources rationally and establishing reasonable operational mechanism.
In the paper, from the angle of structural capability, according to management theory, community theory and function theory, we take non-profit organizations of Weiye community of Honggang district in Daqing city as the investigation object and collect the documents by documentary study, questionnaire and interview to discuss the developmental situation and characteristics of non-profit organizations of Weiye district and analyze the functions of non-profit organizations in urban community; then we analyze the main elements to influence the development of non-profit organizations in urban community, discuss the corresponding measures to perfect their functions and realize the purpose to push forward the construction of harmonious community.
This paper focuses on the following several parts:
Firstly, the function analysis of non-profit organizations in Weiye community In the first place, considering from relation between the community non-profit organizations and government, non-profit organization is the propagandist and influencer of the governmental policies and one of its channels to control the society; Secondly, seeing from the relation between the community non-profit organization and the community, non-profit organizations are in favor of rebuilding the community thoughts and pushing forward the community construction; at last, analyzing from the relation between the community non-profit organizations and the community residents, the community non-profit organizations provide service for the residents, supply the residents with channels of social participation and social innovation, activating the individual’s potentials and realize self-value.
Secondly, barriers to influence the functions of community non-profit organizations
The first one is insufficiency of capital, which is the most popular difficulty in investigation and also the biggest bottleneck to impede the organizational development. The expenditure of community non-profit organizations is so limited, most of which only depends on the sub-district’s limited expenditure. Under this situation, the living conditions of community non-profit organizations can’t be perfected. The second one is inadequacy of talent, on one hand which is embodied as inadequacy of volunteers and technicians, on the other hand which is embodied as insufficiency of professional knowledge and skills. The third one is voluntary failure, which is the soul of community non-profit organization and the completion of its mission needs the voluntary. Inadequacy of voluntary has been the real problem to affect the realization of functions of community non-profit organizations. The fourth one is imperfection of system. At present the government of Honggang district adopts the dual management system, which is very complicated, since some community non-profit organizations can’t find authorities in charge, they can’t obtain the establishment qualification. If developing the public benefit activity in name of profit-oriented enterprises, the cost will be enhanced; the fifth one is lackness of credibility and integrity and low social approval degree. The community non-profit organization is different from the government and enterprise, which neither can use the force, nor take the profit as the purpose, which is morality-oriented organization, and its credibility and integrity has faced big challenge.
Thirdly, we put forward developing the functions of community non-profit organizations and push forward the corresponding measures of the harmonious community construction.
In the firstly place, broadening the investment channel and providing the development of the community non-profit organizations with the material base. On one hand, enhancing the governmental support, on the other hand, exploring the new ways such as service for value、cooperation with enterprises and government procurement;Secondly, cultivating professionals to safeguard talent supplement. Thirdly, enhancing voluntary participation degree and providing and perfecting the motivating mechanism for volunteers; fourthly, perfecting the management system and providing the space for developing the functions of the community non-profit organizations. We should reform the dual management system and establish reasonable management system for community non-profit organizations; fifthly, strengthening the public credibility and providing the social support for the community non-profit organizations. Establishing the credit system of the community non-profit organizations which is people-oriented, attaching equal importance to encouragement and discipline and combining self-discipline with heteronomy
Non-profit organizations in urban community, as a kind of community organization and social organization, not for profit, has their own advantages、functions and operational ways. In mutual benefit activities and public benefit activities carried on in urban community, the community non-profit organizations has played an important role and has become the key of the urban community service. So to speak the developmental level of urban community is the important logo to evaluate the degree of civilization of the society, and the developmental degree of the community non-profit organizations decides the developmental degree of urban community. Therefore, the research on functions of non-profit organizations in urban community not only is in favor of transforming the governmental functions, straightening out the community relations and perfecting community functions and pushing forward the community development, but also has the important significance to founding the management system in urban community, using and allocating resources rationally and establishing reasonable operational mechanism.
In the paper, from the angle of structural capability, according to management theory, community theory and function theory, we take non-profit organizations of Weiye community of Honggang district in Daqing city as the investigation object and collect the documents by documentary study, questionnaire and interview to discuss the developmental situation and characteristics of non-profit organizations of Weiye district and analyze the functions of non-profit organizations in urban community; then we analyze the main elements to influence the development of non-profit organizations in urban community, discuss the corresponding measures to perfect their functions and realize the purpose to push forward the construction of harmonious community.
This paper focuses on the following several parts:
Firstly, the function analysis of non-profit organizations in Weiye community In the first place, considering from relation between the community non-profit organizations and government, non-profit organization is the propagandist and influencer of the governmental policies and one of its channels to control the society; Secondly, seeing from the relation between the community non-profit organization and the community, non-profit organizations are in favor of rebuilding the community thoughts and pushing forward the community construction; at last, analyzing from the relation between the community non-profit organizations and the community residents, the community non-profit organizations provide service for the residents, supply the residents with channels of social participation and social innovation, activating the individual’s potentials and realize self-value.
Secondly, barriers to influence the functions of community non-profit organizations
The first one is insufficiency of capital, which is the most popular difficulty in investigation and also the biggest bottleneck to impede the organizational development. The expenditure of community non-profit organizations is so limited, most of which only depends on the sub-district’s limited expenditure. Under this situation, the living conditions of community non-profit organizations can’t be perfected. The second one is inadequacy of talent, on one hand which is embodied as inadequacy of volunteers and technicians, on the other hand which is embodied as insufficiency of professional knowledge and skills. The third one is voluntary failure, which is the soul of community non-profit organization and the completion of its mission needs the voluntary. Inadequacy of voluntary has been the real problem to affect the realization of functions of community non-profit organizations. The fourth one is imperfection of system. At present the government of Honggang district adopts the dual management system, which is very complicated, since some community non-profit organizations can’t find authorities in charge, they can’t obtain the establishment qualification. If developing the public benefit activity in name of profit-oriented enterprises, the cost will be enhanced; the fifth one is lackness of credibility and integrity and low social approval degree. The community non-profit organization is different from the government and enterprise, which neither can use the force, nor take the profit as the purpose, which is morality-oriented organization, and its credibility and integrity has faced big challenge.
Thirdly, we put forward developing the functions of community non-profit organizations and push forward the corresponding measures of the harmonious community construction.
In the firstly place, broadening the investment channel and providing the development of the community non-profit organizations with the material base. On one hand, enhancing the governmental support, on the other hand, exploring the new ways such as service for value、cooperation with enterprises and government procurement;Secondly, cultivating professionals to safeguard talent supplement. Thirdly, enhancing voluntary participation degree and providing and perfecting the motivating mechanism for volunteers; fourthly, perfecting the management system and providing the space for developing the functions of the community non-profit organizations. We should reform the dual management system and establish reasonable management system for community non-profit organizations; fifthly, strengthening the public credibility and providing the social support for the community non-profit organizations. Establishing the credit system of the community non-profit organizations which is people-oriented, attaching equal importance to encouragement and discipline and combining self-discipline with heteronomy
引文
[1]郭国庆.现代社区非营利组织研究[M].北京:首都师范大学出版社,2001.
[2]叶南客.都市社会的微观再造[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2003.
[3]丁儿竹,江汛济,谭建光主编.中国志愿服务研究[M].北京:北京人学出版社,2007.
[4]白友涛.城市社会建设新杠杆[M].南京:东南大学出版社, 2006.
[5]吴锦良.政府改革与第三部门发展[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001.
[6]何增科.公民社会与第三部门[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000.
[7]唐忠新.中国城市社区建设概论[M].天津:天津人民出版社,2001.
[8]王名.非营利组织管理概论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002.
[9]王名、刘培峰.民间组织通论[M].北京:时事出版社,2004.
[10]民政部,民政部关于在全国推进城市社区建设的意见[M].北京:时事出版社,2000年第23号
[11](德)滕尼斯著、林荣远译.共同体与社会[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999.
[12]莱斯特·M·萨拉蒙.全球公民社会--非营利部门视界,贾西津、魏玉等译[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2002
[13] [美]詹姆斯·P·盖拉特.21世纪非营利组织管理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.
[14]李珍刚.当代中国政府与非营利组织互动关系研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2004.
[15]谢芳.美国社区[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2004.
[16]俞可平.治理与善治[M].北京:时事出版社,2000
[17]吴东民、董西明.非营利组织管理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.
[18]娄成武.社区管理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2006.
[19]徐永详.社区发展论[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社.2000.
[1]王春光.中间组织在社区中的作用[J] .上海城市管理职业技术学院学报,2003
[2]陈娟.社区非营利组织的功能解析[J].学术探讨.2009(05)
[3]李虹.论非营利组织的社会公信力建设[J],上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版).2003(1).
[4]陆明远.非营利组织发展与中国城市社区建设[J].学会.2005(08).
[5]李向品、史伟.非营利组织与社区治理[J].湖北经济学院学报(人文社会科学版).2007(4)6
[6]邓恩远、赵学昌.城市社区民间组织的治理对策探析[J].黑龙江社会科学.2007(04)
[7]蒋秋霞.社区民间组织的发展现状及对策研究———以杭州市为例[J].理论界.2009(07)
[8]李建勇、程挺.非政府组织在城市治理中的作用、问题和对策—以上海为例[J].法治论从,2004,(02).
[9]李炳秀.非营利组织诚信危机成因与对策探讨[J].湖南行政学院学报.2007.3
[1]陈芬.城市社区民间组织的功能研究[D].苏州:苏州大学.2008.
[2]梁廷.天津市城市社区非营利组织发展障碍和对策研究[D].天津:天津大学公共管理硕士论文,2004.
[3]张燕红.志愿精神与非营利组织志愿者激励方式探析[D].重庆:重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2009(10).
[4]李世红.中国社区发展中的中介组织[D].太原:山西大学行政管理硕士论文,2006.
1王春光.中间组织在社区中的作用[J],上海城市管理职业技术学院学报,2003,(6):33.
2郭国庆:《现代社区非营利组织研究》第14页,首都师范大学出版社,2001年版。
11叶南客.都市社会的微观再造【M】.东南大学出版社,2003
12资料来源:根据调查资料整理
13丁儿竹,江汛济,谭建光主编:《中国志愿服务研究》【M】.北京人学出版社,2007,第102页。
14梁廷:《天津市城市社区非营利组织发展障碍和对策研究》【D】.天津大学公共管理硕士论文,2004,28
16叶南客:都市社会的微观再造【M】东南大学出版社,2003
17张燕红:《志愿精神与非营利组织志愿者激励方式探析》,重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2009(10)
18石宝孙:《社区民间组织发展现状及对策研究》,上海交通大学,公共管理硕士论文,2008,40页
19李炳秀:《非营利组织诚信危机成因与对策探讨》,湖南行政学院学报,2007.3
[2]叶南客.都市社会的微观再造[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2003.
[3]丁儿竹,江汛济,谭建光主编.中国志愿服务研究[M].北京:北京人学出版社,2007.
[4]白友涛.城市社会建设新杠杆[M].南京:东南大学出版社, 2006.
[5]吴锦良.政府改革与第三部门发展[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001.
[6]何增科.公民社会与第三部门[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000.
[7]唐忠新.中国城市社区建设概论[M].天津:天津人民出版社,2001.
[8]王名.非营利组织管理概论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002.
[9]王名、刘培峰.民间组织通论[M].北京:时事出版社,2004.
[10]民政部,民政部关于在全国推进城市社区建设的意见[M].北京:时事出版社,2000年第23号
[11](德)滕尼斯著、林荣远译.共同体与社会[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999.
[12]莱斯特·M·萨拉蒙.全球公民社会--非营利部门视界,贾西津、魏玉等译[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2002
[13] [美]詹姆斯·P·盖拉特.21世纪非营利组织管理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.
[14]李珍刚.当代中国政府与非营利组织互动关系研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2004.
[15]谢芳.美国社区[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2004.
[16]俞可平.治理与善治[M].北京:时事出版社,2000
[17]吴东民、董西明.非营利组织管理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.
[18]娄成武.社区管理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2006.
[19]徐永详.社区发展论[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社.2000.
[1]王春光.中间组织在社区中的作用[J] .上海城市管理职业技术学院学报,2003
[2]陈娟.社区非营利组织的功能解析[J].学术探讨.2009(05)
[3]李虹.论非营利组织的社会公信力建设[J],上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版).2003(1).
[4]陆明远.非营利组织发展与中国城市社区建设[J].学会.2005(08).
[5]李向品、史伟.非营利组织与社区治理[J].湖北经济学院学报(人文社会科学版).2007(4)6
[6]邓恩远、赵学昌.城市社区民间组织的治理对策探析[J].黑龙江社会科学.2007(04)
[7]蒋秋霞.社区民间组织的发展现状及对策研究———以杭州市为例[J].理论界.2009(07)
[8]李建勇、程挺.非政府组织在城市治理中的作用、问题和对策—以上海为例[J].法治论从,2004,(02).
[9]李炳秀.非营利组织诚信危机成因与对策探讨[J].湖南行政学院学报.2007.3
[1]陈芬.城市社区民间组织的功能研究[D].苏州:苏州大学.2008.
[2]梁廷.天津市城市社区非营利组织发展障碍和对策研究[D].天津:天津大学公共管理硕士论文,2004.
[3]张燕红.志愿精神与非营利组织志愿者激励方式探析[D].重庆:重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2009(10).
[4]李世红.中国社区发展中的中介组织[D].太原:山西大学行政管理硕士论文,2006.
1王春光.中间组织在社区中的作用[J],上海城市管理职业技术学院学报,2003,(6):33.
2郭国庆:《现代社区非营利组织研究》第14页,首都师范大学出版社,2001年版。
11叶南客.都市社会的微观再造【M】.东南大学出版社,2003
12资料来源:根据调查资料整理
13丁儿竹,江汛济,谭建光主编:《中国志愿服务研究》【M】.北京人学出版社,2007,第102页。
14梁廷:《天津市城市社区非营利组织发展障碍和对策研究》【D】.天津大学公共管理硕士论文,2004,28
16叶南客:都市社会的微观再造【M】东南大学出版社,2003
17张燕红:《志愿精神与非营利组织志愿者激励方式探析》,重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2009(10)
18石宝孙:《社区民间组织发展现状及对策研究》,上海交通大学,公共管理硕士论文,2008,40页
19李炳秀:《非营利组织诚信危机成因与对策探讨》,湖南行政学院学报,2007.3