石家庄市城郊公交线路运营优化研究
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摘要
城市公共交通营运服务的质量,直接关系到城市居民的出行,影响城市的经济生活与社会生活。因此,石家庄市城郊公交线路运营优化问题的研究,对居民便利出行、城市化进程有着积极而重要的现实意义。
在查阅相关文献后,首先对运营组织优化的研究进行综述,分别介绍了国内外关于发车间隔及时刻表确定、车辆调度的相关研究成果,对这些研究成果进行总结;并对公交运营组织相关理论作简要的介绍,主要包括公交客流规律、运营计划编制、调度作业。在介绍运营计划编制流程时,对行车时刻表和车辆计划作了较详细的介绍。
对石家庄市城郊代表性公交线路运营情况进行调查分析。首先介绍了调查方案的设计,主要包括:调查内容、调查方式、抽样率与样本量、调查数据的录入、修正与处理等;重点是调查数据分析,主要包括客流特征的分析、服务水平的分析、乘客情况分析。
根据调查结果,探究线路运营中存在的主要问题,提出相应的解决对策。主要包括:优先发展城郊公交,加大扶持力度;加大线网密度;优化运营调度。调度优化时,在调度模型的建立和求解方面,有一定创新。建立了兼顾乘客需求与公交企业效益的发车频率模型,给出了一维搜索法求解方法。以石家庄市51路、53路等15条石家庄城郊公交线路为例进行分析,结果表明:优化模型效果良好,对于城郊大部分公交线路能提高服务水平,但不影响公交企业效益,并指出了模型失效时的调度方法。
The service quality of urban public transport is directly related to residents trip and political life,economic life. So, the research about operation optimization of bus line is beneficial to facilitate the residents travel and push forward urbanization process.
After extensive consult to related literature, the author made a review of operation optimization of bus line. Research results at home and abroad in departing time interval, the operation schedule for public transit lines and vehicle scheduling were introduced respectively. Also, the research results were summarized. Then, it briefly introduced the related theories of operation organization of public transportation such as rule of passenger traffic flow,operation plan, dispatching operation. Among them, specific business of urban public transport and terms were described in detail.
Investigation and analysis on operational situation of bus line at the suburb of Shijiazhuang city was carried out with the method of questionnaire. First, investigation scheme was simply introduced such as the investigation content, investigation method choice, the decision of investigation way, sampling rate, and so on, then, Survey data such as passenger basic attribute, trip characteristics of residents, service effect were analyzed .
According to the investigation results, the author has analyzed the main problems in operation and proposed some suggestions such as giving priority to the development of public traffic at the suburb of Shijiazhuang city, increasing transit network density, optimizing operation dispatcher. The paper made some innovations on optimal model and its solution. Optimal model of urban bus frequency was set up giving consideration to passenger demand and bus company benefits, and a solution method has been put forward for one-dimensional search. Taking 15 bus lines at the suburb of Shijiazhuang city as an example, optimization was carried out using the previous model. The results showed that it can improve service level but not affect the bus company benefits. Also, the scheduling method is proposed when the model is failure.
在查阅相关文献后,首先对运营组织优化的研究进行综述,分别介绍了国内外关于发车间隔及时刻表确定、车辆调度的相关研究成果,对这些研究成果进行总结;并对公交运营组织相关理论作简要的介绍,主要包括公交客流规律、运营计划编制、调度作业。在介绍运营计划编制流程时,对行车时刻表和车辆计划作了较详细的介绍。
对石家庄市城郊代表性公交线路运营情况进行调查分析。首先介绍了调查方案的设计,主要包括:调查内容、调查方式、抽样率与样本量、调查数据的录入、修正与处理等;重点是调查数据分析,主要包括客流特征的分析、服务水平的分析、乘客情况分析。
根据调查结果,探究线路运营中存在的主要问题,提出相应的解决对策。主要包括:优先发展城郊公交,加大扶持力度;加大线网密度;优化运营调度。调度优化时,在调度模型的建立和求解方面,有一定创新。建立了兼顾乘客需求与公交企业效益的发车频率模型,给出了一维搜索法求解方法。以石家庄市51路、53路等15条石家庄城郊公交线路为例进行分析,结果表明:优化模型效果良好,对于城郊大部分公交线路能提高服务水平,但不影响公交企业效益,并指出了模型失效时的调度方法。
The service quality of urban public transport is directly related to residents trip and political life,economic life. So, the research about operation optimization of bus line is beneficial to facilitate the residents travel and push forward urbanization process.
After extensive consult to related literature, the author made a review of operation optimization of bus line. Research results at home and abroad in departing time interval, the operation schedule for public transit lines and vehicle scheduling were introduced respectively. Also, the research results were summarized. Then, it briefly introduced the related theories of operation organization of public transportation such as rule of passenger traffic flow,operation plan, dispatching operation. Among them, specific business of urban public transport and terms were described in detail.
Investigation and analysis on operational situation of bus line at the suburb of Shijiazhuang city was carried out with the method of questionnaire. First, investigation scheme was simply introduced such as the investigation content, investigation method choice, the decision of investigation way, sampling rate, and so on, then, Survey data such as passenger basic attribute, trip characteristics of residents, service effect were analyzed .
According to the investigation results, the author has analyzed the main problems in operation and proposed some suggestions such as giving priority to the development of public traffic at the suburb of Shijiazhuang city, increasing transit network density, optimizing operation dispatcher. The paper made some innovations on optimal model and its solution. Optimal model of urban bus frequency was set up giving consideration to passenger demand and bus company benefits, and a solution method has been put forward for one-dimensional search. Taking 15 bus lines at the suburb of Shijiazhuang city as an example, optimization was carried out using the previous model. The results showed that it can improve service level but not affect the bus company benefits. Also, the scheduling method is proposed when the model is failure.
引文
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[7] Zhu w. Trip Frequency Scheduling for Terminal Quening Routers. Proceedings of 7th IFAGIFORS Symposium on Transportation Systems.1994: 70-77.
[8] A. Ceder, B.Golany, O.TaI. Creating Bus Timetables with Maxirnal Synchronization. Transportation Research Part A.2001,38: 913-928.
[9] Yihua Li, Fujun Wu.Real-Time Scheduling on a Transit Bus Route. In Computer Scheduling of Public Transport, Springer-Verlag, 1992: 213-235.
[10] Eberlein, X.J. Real-time Control Strategies in Transit Operations: Models and Analysis. Ph.D.Dissertation, Civil Engineering, MIT, U.S.A. 1995.
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[12] Gavish, B, E. Shifter (1978): "An Approach for Solving a Class of Transportation Scheduling Problems", European Journal of Operations Research 3 (1978) pp. 12-134.
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[2] Ceder,A(1984). Bus Determination Using Passenger Count Data.Transportation Research 18A (5/6), pp 439-453.
[3] Ceder, A., H.I. Stern (1984). Optimal Transit Timetables for a Fixed Vehicle F1eet. In Volmuller,J.R. Hammerslag (Eds.).Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Transportation and Traffic Theory. UNU Science Press, Holland. pp 331-355.
[4] Ceder, A., O. Tal (1999). Time table Synchronization for Buses. In Wilson, N.H.M. (Ed.): Computer-Aided Scheduling of Public Transport. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 245-258.
[5] Ceder, A. (1986). Methods for Creating Bus Timetables.Transportation Research 21 A (1),pp 59-83.
[6] Adebis, 0 (1986). A Mathematical Model for Headway Variance of Fixed Route Buses. Transportation Research, 20B, 59-70.
[7] Zhu w. Trip Frequency Scheduling for Terminal Quening Routers. Proceedings of 7th IFAGIFORS Symposium on Transportation Systems.1994: 70-77.
[8] A. Ceder, B.Golany, O.TaI. Creating Bus Timetables with Maxirnal Synchronization. Transportation Research Part A.2001,38: 913-928.
[9] Yihua Li, Fujun Wu.Real-Time Scheduling on a Transit Bus Route. In Computer Scheduling of Public Transport, Springer-Verlag, 1992: 213-235.
[10] Eberlein, X.J. Real-time Control Strategies in Transit Operations: Models and Analysis. Ph.D.Dissertation, Civil Engineering, MIT, U.S.A. 1995.
[11] Randolph Hall, Maged Dessouky, Quan Lu. Optimal Holding Times at Transfer Stations. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 2002, 40: 379-397.
[12] Gavish, B, E. Shifter (1978): "An Approach for Solving a Class of Transportation Scheduling Problems", European Journal of Operations Research 3 (1978) pp. 12-134.
[13] Bodin, L. and B. Golden (1981). Classification in Vehicle Routing and Scheduling.In: Special Issue -International Workshop on the Scheduling of Vehicles and Crew 79".Networks 11,1981.pp. 97-108.
[14] Bertossi, A. A./P. Carraresi/G. Gallo( 1987): "On Some Matching Problems Arising in Vehicle Scheduling Models", Networks Vol. 17 (1987) pp. 271·281.
[15] Lamatsch,A.(1990):"An Approach to Vehicle Scheduling With Depot Capacity Constraints",Proceedings of the Sth International Workshop an Computer-aided Scheduling of PublicTransit,Montreal, Canada (1990).
[16] Mesquita M./J. Paixao (1997): "Exact Algorithms for the Multiple-Depot Vehicle Scheduling Problem Based on Multi-commodity Network Flow Type Formulations", In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems (N.H.M Wilson, Editor, Published by Springer in 1999) pp. 221-243.
[17] Haghani, A, Banihashemi M, 2002. Heuristic Approaches for Solving Large-scale Bus Transit Vehicle Scheduling Problem with Route Time Constraints.Transportation Research A 36,309-333.
[18]陈云新.公交车线路运营调度及评估系统的研究与实践. [中南大学硕士学位论文].2005
[19]杨柳.计算机编制公交行车时刻表方法研究. [北京工业大学硕士论文].2008
[20]何迪.APTS下公交车辆区域调度问题研究. [西南交通大学博士学位论文].2009
[21]李桂萍.多场站公交行车计划编制模型与算法研究.[北京交通大学硕士学位论文].2010
[22]陈石.区域公交时刻表生成的模型与方法研究[北京交通大学硕士学位论文].2009
[23]张飞舟,智能交通系统中的公交车辆动态调度研究,公共交通科技,2002
[24]沈吟东,曾西洋.公共交通驾驶员调度的复杂性及解决方法.计算机科学.31(9).2003
[25]付鹏威.融合案例与规划推理的劳动排班系统研究. [北京交通大学硕士学位论文].2009:5-7
[26]翟东伟.基于GATS的公交驾驶员调度算法研究.[北京交通大学].2006.
[27]张学炜.集成化的公交运营计划编制方法研究.[北京交通大学硕士学位论文].2008:5-7
[28]吴海涛.基于ITS技术的城市公交运营调度系统优化研究.[西南交通大学研究生学位论文] 2005.11-13
[29]戴彤焱,孙学琴.运输组织学.机械工业出版社.2006
[30]莫露全.城市公共交通运营管理.北京.机械工业出版社.2007
[31]裘瑜,吴霖生.城市公共交通运营管理实务.上海交通大学出版社. 2004.
[32]陈志红.运输组织技术.人民交通出版社.北京.2005
[33]葛艳新.城市公交线网运营优化及实践研究.[长安大学硕士论文].2009
[34]吕勇,王磊,张晶.城市公交运营情况调研.黑龙江交通科技.2009.3:106-107
[35]惠红旗等.城市公交客流调查数据的修正.河北企业.2006.02
[36]尹峰,李枫.公共交通服务水平的模糊评价.上海交通人学学报.2000(1):26-27.
[37]王瑞.城市居民出行调查若干问题研究.[长安大学硕士论文].2006.4.79-80
[38]景国胜,王波.广州市居民出行特征变化趋势分析.华中科技大学学报,2006.21(2):88-92.
[39]毛海墟.中国城市居民出行特征研究.北京工业大学,2005.
[40]陈团生.通勤者出行行为特征与分析方法研究.[北京交通大学博士论文].2007.
[41]岳芳,上班出行行为特征研究.[北京交通大学],2007.
[42]常超凡.短距离出行行为研究.[北京交通大学],2007.
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