三峡库区滑坡监测GPS统测构网研究及应用
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摘要
针对三峡库区近600km长水系范围内的滑坡监测问题,对三峡库区滑坡监测GPS统测构网和实践、滑坡监测基准稳定性分析和滑坡监测网优化等方法展开深入的研究。通过研究形成了一套适用性方法,对狭长区域滑坡监测具有指导作用。论文的研究内容和成果如下：
1)介绍了三峡库区滑坡监测网的建立和应用效果,针对三峡库区滑坡监测的现状,提出了论文研究的目的和意义,系统地回顾了GNSS参考框架、高精度GPS数据处理与变形分析、变形监测网优化设计等与论文研究内容有关的理论、方法和成果。
2)探讨了高精度GPS数据处理使用的ITRF和IGS参考框架的定义、建立和维持方法,以及三峡库区滑坡监测成果使用的北京54、西安80和WGS-84等坐标系,针对三峡库区滑坡监测涉及多种坐标系统转换的问题,研究了不同ITRF框架间的转换,精密星历与地面基准站坐标基准的统一,WGS-84坐标系和我国参心坐标系的转换以及等价坐标转换等方法。
3)研究了三峡库区滑坡监测GPS统测构网技术。针对库区呈带状分布的特点,研究了多基准站式的布网方法,通过划分子网,系统地研究了GPS数据处理中系统误差的处理方法、分析了粗差观测值对平差结果的影响,比较了整体平差和分区平差结果的差异,在此基础上,确定了GPS统测构网的最佳方法。采用该方法,将三峡库区122个滑坡体的监测点统一到库区滑坡监测内,提高了作业效率以及滑坡监测的精度和可靠性,解决了三峡库区滑坡监测GPS统测构网的技术难题。
4)研究了三峡库区滑坡监测基准的稳定性分析方法。该方法顾及了已有方法的局限性以及大范围变形分析中块体运动的影响。利用2008-2011年的多期GPS观测资料,对基准点进行稳定性分析。结果表明,三峡水库高水位蓄水的3年时间里,库区存在不稳定的工作基点,不稳定点的水平位移在4cm以上,水平向最大点位变化达79.4cm,不稳定点的垂直位移在4.5cm以上,垂向最大点位变化达53.7cm。不稳定点的水平位移方向与现场地理环境核查的结果具有一致性,垂直位移方向与地震部门的监测结果较为一致。
5)研究了三峡库区滑坡监测网的优化技术。结合三峡库区122个滑坡体的实际观测环境条件,分析了GPS监测的最佳观测时段、最佳时段长度和最佳截止高度角。推导了GPS滑坡监测网的精度、可靠性、灵敏度和费用等质量指标,建立了监测网优化模型。提出了模拟法和解析法相结合的监测网形优化方法,基于该方法,对三峡库区滑坡体GPS变形网进行优化,得到了较优的监测网形。通过分析大量滑坡体的优化结果,总结出适用性结论,对全库区滑坡监测具有指导作用。
This study introduced the establishment and application of the landslide monitoring network in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The purpose of this thesis is to conduct a systematic review of the current theories, methods and results on GNSS reference frame, high-precision GPS data processing and deformation analysis, GPS deformation monitoring network optimization design, etc. Based on the compiled data, an in-depth research and analysis was conducted to:
1. The reference datum of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area landslide monitoring and its transformation.
This includes:
●Definition, establishment and maintenance of International Terrestrial Reference Frame.
●Reference system of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area landslide monitoring network.
●Transformation of different periods of ITRF.
●Datum unification of precise ephemeris and ground-based reference station in high-precision GPS measurement.
●Transformation of WGS-84reference system and national reference system (1954Beijing coordinate system or1980Xian coordinate system in China).
2. The systematic study of the data processing theory and methods of GPS monitoring network.
This includes:
●Systematic error analysis and processing in the high-precision GPS data processing.
●Establishment and solution of relative positioning model.
●GPS free network adjustment model.
●Outlier analysis in GPS baseline network.
●Systematic error analysis and processing in GPS baseline network.
●Datum unification of multiple observation period GPS monitoring network.
3. The study of the landslide monitoring network Reconstruction within Unified Datum in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.
For the special geographical location and complex terrain conditions in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the following areas of interest were evaluated:
●GPS observation plan.
●High-precision GPS data processing programs.
●For the different GPS observations, an analysis on the influence on the adjustment results by the systematic error of time evolution datum, and propose iterative adjustment method to eliminate the impact of the systematic error.
●The method of GPS baseline network adjustment and datum unification with the Three Gorges Reservoir Area landslide monitoring network established in2005.
●Obtain the new monitoring points of122landslides into the landslide monitoring network, with the unified datum, establish the deformation judgment standard for all the points, solve the technical problem in the work of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area landslide monitoring.
4. The landslide monitoring datum stability analysis in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. This includes:
●To address the issue of landslide monitoring along the600km long Three Gorges Reservoir Area, a study of landslide monitoring datum stability analysis method, which takes into account the impact of plate movement in the large-scale deformation analysis was performed.
●This analysis was done with historical GPS observations data (2008-2011a) of landslide monitoring network, the stability of all reference points was tested:The results indicate there was existence of the moved reference points in this three years of high water environment. The displacement direction of unstable reference points was inspected with the geographical environment at sites, showing they were consistent.
5. The landslide monitoring network optimization design in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. This includes:
●Determination of the quality indicators of accuracy, reliability, sensitivity and cost in the GPS landslide monitoring network. Establishing of the GPS landslide monitoring network optimization model and the interactive approach and analytical method used in the GPS landslide monitoring network optimization.
●Under the complex GPS observation conditions of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, obtain the best GPS observation and solution plan, the better graph structure of GPS landslide deformation monitoring network.
●For the work of landslide monitoring in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, summed applicability conclusion.
1)介绍了三峡库区滑坡监测网的建立和应用效果,针对三峡库区滑坡监测的现状,提出了论文研究的目的和意义,系统地回顾了GNSS参考框架、高精度GPS数据处理与变形分析、变形监测网优化设计等与论文研究内容有关的理论、方法和成果。
2)探讨了高精度GPS数据处理使用的ITRF和IGS参考框架的定义、建立和维持方法,以及三峡库区滑坡监测成果使用的北京54、西安80和WGS-84等坐标系,针对三峡库区滑坡监测涉及多种坐标系统转换的问题,研究了不同ITRF框架间的转换,精密星历与地面基准站坐标基准的统一,WGS-84坐标系和我国参心坐标系的转换以及等价坐标转换等方法。
3)研究了三峡库区滑坡监测GPS统测构网技术。针对库区呈带状分布的特点,研究了多基准站式的布网方法,通过划分子网,系统地研究了GPS数据处理中系统误差的处理方法、分析了粗差观测值对平差结果的影响,比较了整体平差和分区平差结果的差异,在此基础上,确定了GPS统测构网的最佳方法。采用该方法,将三峡库区122个滑坡体的监测点统一到库区滑坡监测内,提高了作业效率以及滑坡监测的精度和可靠性,解决了三峡库区滑坡监测GPS统测构网的技术难题。
4)研究了三峡库区滑坡监测基准的稳定性分析方法。该方法顾及了已有方法的局限性以及大范围变形分析中块体运动的影响。利用2008-2011年的多期GPS观测资料,对基准点进行稳定性分析。结果表明,三峡水库高水位蓄水的3年时间里,库区存在不稳定的工作基点,不稳定点的水平位移在4cm以上,水平向最大点位变化达79.4cm,不稳定点的垂直位移在4.5cm以上,垂向最大点位变化达53.7cm。不稳定点的水平位移方向与现场地理环境核查的结果具有一致性,垂直位移方向与地震部门的监测结果较为一致。
5)研究了三峡库区滑坡监测网的优化技术。结合三峡库区122个滑坡体的实际观测环境条件,分析了GPS监测的最佳观测时段、最佳时段长度和最佳截止高度角。推导了GPS滑坡监测网的精度、可靠性、灵敏度和费用等质量指标,建立了监测网优化模型。提出了模拟法和解析法相结合的监测网形优化方法,基于该方法,对三峡库区滑坡体GPS变形网进行优化,得到了较优的监测网形。通过分析大量滑坡体的优化结果,总结出适用性结论,对全库区滑坡监测具有指导作用。
This study introduced the establishment and application of the landslide monitoring network in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The purpose of this thesis is to conduct a systematic review of the current theories, methods and results on GNSS reference frame, high-precision GPS data processing and deformation analysis, GPS deformation monitoring network optimization design, etc. Based on the compiled data, an in-depth research and analysis was conducted to:
1. The reference datum of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area landslide monitoring and its transformation.
This includes:
●Definition, establishment and maintenance of International Terrestrial Reference Frame.
●Reference system of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area landslide monitoring network.
●Transformation of different periods of ITRF.
●Datum unification of precise ephemeris and ground-based reference station in high-precision GPS measurement.
●Transformation of WGS-84reference system and national reference system (1954Beijing coordinate system or1980Xian coordinate system in China).
2. The systematic study of the data processing theory and methods of GPS monitoring network.
This includes:
●Systematic error analysis and processing in the high-precision GPS data processing.
●Establishment and solution of relative positioning model.
●GPS free network adjustment model.
●Outlier analysis in GPS baseline network.
●Systematic error analysis and processing in GPS baseline network.
●Datum unification of multiple observation period GPS monitoring network.
3. The study of the landslide monitoring network Reconstruction within Unified Datum in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.
For the special geographical location and complex terrain conditions in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the following areas of interest were evaluated:
●GPS observation plan.
●High-precision GPS data processing programs.
●For the different GPS observations, an analysis on the influence on the adjustment results by the systematic error of time evolution datum, and propose iterative adjustment method to eliminate the impact of the systematic error.
●The method of GPS baseline network adjustment and datum unification with the Three Gorges Reservoir Area landslide monitoring network established in2005.
●Obtain the new monitoring points of122landslides into the landslide monitoring network, with the unified datum, establish the deformation judgment standard for all the points, solve the technical problem in the work of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area landslide monitoring.
4. The landslide monitoring datum stability analysis in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. This includes:
●To address the issue of landslide monitoring along the600km long Three Gorges Reservoir Area, a study of landslide monitoring datum stability analysis method, which takes into account the impact of plate movement in the large-scale deformation analysis was performed.
●This analysis was done with historical GPS observations data (2008-2011a) of landslide monitoring network, the stability of all reference points was tested:The results indicate there was existence of the moved reference points in this three years of high water environment. The displacement direction of unstable reference points was inspected with the geographical environment at sites, showing they were consistent.
5. The landslide monitoring network optimization design in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. This includes:
●Determination of the quality indicators of accuracy, reliability, sensitivity and cost in the GPS landslide monitoring network. Establishing of the GPS landslide monitoring network optimization model and the interactive approach and analytical method used in the GPS landslide monitoring network optimization.
●Under the complex GPS observation conditions of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, obtain the best GPS observation and solution plan, the better graph structure of GPS landslide deformation monitoring network.
●For the work of landslide monitoring in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, summed applicability conclusion.
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