精化省市级大地水准面的研究
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摘要
本文描述了精化区域大地水准面的基本原理及其基本理论，详细
讨论了精化区域大地水准面的方法(GPS／水准几何法和重力法)，重
点研究重力法应用移去-恢复技术计算大地水准面和似大地水准面。
包括实测重力数据及重力异常的格网化方法，实现这一目标的技术途
径和模式，应用数字地形模型(DTM)计算重力地形改正及其对大
地水准面的间接影响，选择最合适的全球重力场模型以及区域大地水
准面在实际应用中应注意的问题。
在此基础上，以我国东部某地区南北52Km、东西100Km的范
围，利用4870个实测重力值、100m分辨率的数字地形模型、65个
GPS／水准数据和WDM94地球重力场模型，通过移去-恢复技术和
FFT技术试算了该地区的大地水准面并讨论区域大地水准面，计算中
应注意的问题。
The article describes basic theory and principles of precise determination of local geoid. Methods for the precise determination of local geoid have been studied and put forward in this research, which include the geometric (GPS/level ing) method, the gravimetric method and the combined method.
The disquisition emphases of the article is gravitation method with Remove-Restore Technique account geoid and quasi-geoid . There are methods that gravity data of observation and gravity anomalies which should be ranged in forms of matrix (Gridding methods). Technique way and Model forms would be explained for the target. Data of the digital terrain model (DTM) would be computed . The result would be topography correction and indirect infection to the geoid . How to select the Whole World Gravity Field Model is the question that we must pay attention to in the real application to determination of local geoid .
We applied all available data which come from the region in east china area: north-south 52 kilometers, western-east 100 kilometers based on the above theory. We have discussed questions we should pay attention to in the determination of local geoid and calculated the local geoid with gravity observation data 4870 and GPS/leveling point data 65 which are DTM that distinguish rate is 100 metre .and WDM94 and EGM96 Whole World gravity Field Model.We have tested the geoid of the area with Remove-Restore Technique and Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)
讨论了精化区域大地水准面的方法(GPS／水准几何法和重力法)，重
点研究重力法应用移去-恢复技术计算大地水准面和似大地水准面。
包括实测重力数据及重力异常的格网化方法，实现这一目标的技术途
径和模式，应用数字地形模型(DTM)计算重力地形改正及其对大
地水准面的间接影响，选择最合适的全球重力场模型以及区域大地水
准面在实际应用中应注意的问题。
在此基础上，以我国东部某地区南北52Km、东西100Km的范
围，利用4870个实测重力值、100m分辨率的数字地形模型、65个
GPS／水准数据和WDM94地球重力场模型，通过移去-恢复技术和
FFT技术试算了该地区的大地水准面并讨论区域大地水准面，计算中
应注意的问题。
The article describes basic theory and principles of precise determination of local geoid. Methods for the precise determination of local geoid have been studied and put forward in this research, which include the geometric (GPS/level ing) method, the gravimetric method and the combined method.
The disquisition emphases of the article is gravitation method with Remove-Restore Technique account geoid and quasi-geoid . There are methods that gravity data of observation and gravity anomalies which should be ranged in forms of matrix (Gridding methods). Technique way and Model forms would be explained for the target. Data of the digital terrain model (DTM) would be computed . The result would be topography correction and indirect infection to the geoid . How to select the Whole World Gravity Field Model is the question that we must pay attention to in the real application to determination of local geoid .
We applied all available data which come from the region in east china area: north-south 52 kilometers, western-east 100 kilometers based on the above theory. We have discussed questions we should pay attention to in the determination of local geoid and calculated the local geoid with gravity observation data 4870 and GPS/leveling point data 65 which are DTM that distinguish rate is 100 metre .and WDM94 and EGM96 Whole World gravity Field Model.We have tested the geoid of the area with Remove-Restore Technique and Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)
引文
1、 《省级似大地水准面精化技术设计指南》 国家测绘局 2002、 6
2、 《GPS网中网点正常高的一种求解方法》施昆 昆明工学院学报No 1，1994
3、 《地球形状与外部重力场》 管泽霖 宁津生 测绘版 1981
4、 《局部重力场逼近理论和方法》管泽霖、管铮、黄谟涛、翟国君 1997测绘版
5、 《WDM94地球重力场的研究》宁津生，李建成，晁定波，管泽霖．武汉测绘科技大学学报，Vol．19，No．4，283-291，1994
6、 《物理大地测量中的谱方法》李建成 武测 1993
7、 《重力场模型EGM96，WDM94 and GPM98CR在香港和深圳》罗志才、陈永奇2002，Vol．4，No．1，21-30．
8、 《用不同数据精确确定香港大地水准面》 罗志才、陈永奇 Proceeding of FIG ⅩⅩⅡ International Congress，Washington，D．C．USA，April 19-26 2002
9、 《深圳市1公里高分辨率厘米级高精度大地水准面的确定》宁津生、罗志才、杨沾吉、陈永奇、张天纪 测绘学报 2003，二期32卷
10、 《高分辨率厘米级局部大地水准面的典型应用》罗志才 宁津生 杨沾吉 陈永奇
11、 PAVLIS N K.EGM96:The NASA GSFC and NIMA joint geopotential model [R].http://cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov/926/egm926/egm926． html.1996．
12、 WENZEL G.Ultra high degree geopotential models GPM98A,GPM98B and GPM98C to degree 1800 [R].http://www.gik.uni-karlsruhe.de/~wenzel/gpm98abc/gpm98abc.htm,1998．
13、 Moritz H.Local geoid determination in mountainous areas [R].Report No.353,Department of Geodetic Science and Surveying,The Ohio State University,1983．
14、 杨沾吉 Precise determination of local geoid and its geophysical interpretation [D]. Hong Kong:Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,1999．
15、 SIDERIS M G and FORSBERG R.1990,Review of geoid prediction methods in mountainous regions [A].Rapp R H and Sanso F.Determination of the Geoid,Present and Future,IAG Symposia No.106 [C].New York:Springer-Verlag,1990．
16、 HEISKANEN W A and MORITZ H.Physical Geodesy [M].Institute of Physical
Geodesy,Technical University,Graz,1967．
17、 WICHIENCHAROEN C.The indirect effects on the computation of geoid undulations [R].OSU Report No.336,Department of Geodetic Science and Surveying,The Ohio State University,Ohio,USA,1982．
18、 李叶才.Optimized spectral geoid determination [R].Report No.20050,Department of Geomatic Science and Surveying,The University of Calgary,Canada,1993．
19、 李叶才,Sideris,M.G.and Schwarz,K.P.(1995) A numerical investigation on height anomaly prediction in mountainous areas,Bulletin Geodesique,Vol.69,pp.143-156．
20、 HAAGMANS R R N,de MIN E,van GELDEREN M.Fast evaluation of convolution integrals on the sphere using 1D-FFT,and a comparison with existing methods for Stokes's integral [J].Manuscr Geod,1993,18,227-241．
21、 SIDERIS M G and SHE Bin-bin.A new high-resolution geoid for Canada and part of the U.S.By 1D-FFT method [J].Bulletin Geodesique,1995,Vol.69,92-108．
22、 Omang OCD,Forsberg R.How to handle topography in practical geoid determination:three examples.Journal of Geodesy,2000(74) :458-466．
2、 《GPS网中网点正常高的一种求解方法》施昆 昆明工学院学报No 1，1994
3、 《地球形状与外部重力场》 管泽霖 宁津生 测绘版 1981
4、 《局部重力场逼近理论和方法》管泽霖、管铮、黄谟涛、翟国君 1997测绘版
5、 《WDM94地球重力场的研究》宁津生，李建成，晁定波，管泽霖．武汉测绘科技大学学报，Vol．19，No．4，283-291，1994
6、 《物理大地测量中的谱方法》李建成 武测 1993
7、 《重力场模型EGM96，WDM94 and GPM98CR在香港和深圳》罗志才、陈永奇2002，Vol．4，No．1，21-30．
8、 《用不同数据精确确定香港大地水准面》 罗志才、陈永奇 Proceeding of FIG ⅩⅩⅡ International Congress，Washington，D．C．USA，April 19-26 2002
9、 《深圳市1公里高分辨率厘米级高精度大地水准面的确定》宁津生、罗志才、杨沾吉、陈永奇、张天纪 测绘学报 2003，二期32卷
10、 《高分辨率厘米级局部大地水准面的典型应用》罗志才 宁津生 杨沾吉 陈永奇
11、 PAVLIS N K.EGM96:The NASA GSFC and NIMA joint geopotential model [R].http://cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov/926/egm926/egm926． html.1996．
12、 WENZEL G.Ultra high degree geopotential models GPM98A,GPM98B and GPM98C to degree 1800 [R].http://www.gik.uni-karlsruhe.de/~wenzel/gpm98abc/gpm98abc.htm,1998．
13、 Moritz H.Local geoid determination in mountainous areas [R].Report No.353,Department of Geodetic Science and Surveying,The Ohio State University,1983．
14、 杨沾吉 Precise determination of local geoid and its geophysical interpretation [D]. Hong Kong:Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,1999．
15、 SIDERIS M G and FORSBERG R.1990,Review of geoid prediction methods in mountainous regions [A].Rapp R H and Sanso F.Determination of the Geoid,Present and Future,IAG Symposia No.106 [C].New York:Springer-Verlag,1990．
16、 HEISKANEN W A and MORITZ H.Physical Geodesy [M].Institute of Physical
Geodesy,Technical University,Graz,1967．
17、 WICHIENCHAROEN C.The indirect effects on the computation of geoid undulations [R].OSU Report No.336,Department of Geodetic Science and Surveying,The Ohio State University,Ohio,USA,1982．
18、 李叶才.Optimized spectral geoid determination [R].Report No.20050,Department of Geomatic Science and Surveying,The University of Calgary,Canada,1993．
19、 李叶才,Sideris,M.G.and Schwarz,K.P.(1995) A numerical investigation on height anomaly prediction in mountainous areas,Bulletin Geodesique,Vol.69,pp.143-156．
20、 HAAGMANS R R N,de MIN E,van GELDEREN M.Fast evaluation of convolution integrals on the sphere using 1D-FFT,and a comparison with existing methods for Stokes's integral [J].Manuscr Geod,1993,18,227-241．
21、 SIDERIS M G and SHE Bin-bin.A new high-resolution geoid for Canada and part of the U.S.By 1D-FFT method [J].Bulletin Geodesique,1995,Vol.69,92-108．
22、 Omang OCD,Forsberg R.How to handle topography in practical geoid determination:three examples.Journal of Geodesy,2000(74) :458-466．