基于GPS/北斗/GSM的笔记本电脑定位系统的设计与实现
摘要
随着科技的发展,笔记本电脑越来越普及,成为我们工作和生活不可或缺的部分。但同时我们也多承担了一份风险,笔记本电脑一旦丢失,我们首先面临的将是笔记本电脑本身的经济损失,其次更重要的是里面存储的各种资料的丢失和泄露,这些资料可能涉及到个人隐私、多年工作积累、甚至商业机密,这些损失往往无法估量。基于这些原因,通过定位技术来掌握其所在位置,寻回丢失的笔记本电脑非常必要。定位技术中,GPS定位精度高、性能稳定,但有遮挡的地方无法进行定位；北斗定位精度稍逊于GPS,但其是我国自主研发的卫星导航系统,并可同时进行通信和定位；GSM定位精度虽不高,但它能弥补GPS和北斗有遮挡的地方无法定位的缺陷,其通信体制也非常成熟。所以,在对GPS、北斗及GSM几种定位技术进行了充分研究之后,本文提出了一种基于GPS/北斗/GSM的笔记本电脑定位系统。
该系统主要分定位终端和定位监控服务中心两部分。定位终端部分,设计了一块能插入笔记本电脑miniPCIe槽的定位通信板卡,其功能是利用GPS、北斗及GSM进行定位,并与定位监控服务中心进行通信(通过GSM和北斗进行通信)。对于定位监控服务中心部分,如果是小集团模式(针对个人或小单位用户),用户一般没有过多的资金而且也没有必要额外建立一个监控服务中心,只需要一台能收发短消息的手机即可。如果是大集体模式(针对大单位用户),其需监控的笔记本电脑较多,则需要设计通信组件和监控平台,此通信组件用来与定位终端通信,包括发送定位请求获取定位终端GPS、北斗和GSM三方位置信息以及发送资料保护请求远程保护定位终端资料等功能；监控平台是一个基于GIS的管理平台,主要包括电子地图的集成、定位终端位置查询及轨迹查询等功能,这样便可以让用户直观、便捷地对定位终端进行定位与保护了。
With the development of science and technology, the Laptop is getting more and more popular, and it has become an important part of our life and work. But at the same time, we are also taking more risks. Once the laptop is lost, the economic loss of the laptop itself is the first risk we will face. What's more important is the datum loss and leakage along with the lost laptop, these losses may be related to personal privacy, work result and trade secret, which are inestimable. Due to these reasons, it is very necessary to find the lost laptop by positioning technology. Among the positioning technology, Global Positioning System(GPS) has high location precision, but is unavailable in sheltered places. BeiDou(BD) has less precision than GPS in location, but it is developed by our country independently, and it can position and communicate at the same time. Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) has less precision in location than GPS and BD, but it is available in sheltered places, and it has very mature communication function. After full study on GPS、BD and GSM location technologies, this article proposed a new laptop positioning system based on GPS/BD/GSM.
The system consists of two parts, one is location terminal, the other is the location monitoring service center. the location terminal contains one location and communication board, which can be inserted into laptop miniPCIe slot, it can make use of GPS、BD and GSM location service and communicate with the location monitoring service center (by GSM and BD). For the location monitoring service center, there are two kinds of mode for different users. One is small group mode (for users of individual or small unit), this kind of users generally do not have too much money, and it is unnecessary for them to build an extra formal service center, they only need one phone which can send and receive short messages. The other is large group mode(for users of large unit), this kind of users need to monitor more laptop, so we need to build a formal service center, with communication equipment and monitor platform. The communication equipment is used to communicate with the positioning terminal, its functions include sending requests to the positioning terminal for obtaining position information, and sending requests of data protection to ask for remote protection for the terminal's data. The monitor platform is a management platform based on Geographic Information System, its functions include creating electronic map for monitoring, performing location query and trajectory query for the location monitoring service center. With these functions and features, this system can make it intuitive and convenient for users to locate terminal and protect the datum they care about.
该系统主要分定位终端和定位监控服务中心两部分。定位终端部分,设计了一块能插入笔记本电脑miniPCIe槽的定位通信板卡,其功能是利用GPS、北斗及GSM进行定位,并与定位监控服务中心进行通信(通过GSM和北斗进行通信)。对于定位监控服务中心部分,如果是小集团模式(针对个人或小单位用户),用户一般没有过多的资金而且也没有必要额外建立一个监控服务中心,只需要一台能收发短消息的手机即可。如果是大集体模式(针对大单位用户),其需监控的笔记本电脑较多,则需要设计通信组件和监控平台,此通信组件用来与定位终端通信,包括发送定位请求获取定位终端GPS、北斗和GSM三方位置信息以及发送资料保护请求远程保护定位终端资料等功能；监控平台是一个基于GIS的管理平台,主要包括电子地图的集成、定位终端位置查询及轨迹查询等功能,这样便可以让用户直观、便捷地对定位终端进行定位与保护了。
With the development of science and technology, the Laptop is getting more and more popular, and it has become an important part of our life and work. But at the same time, we are also taking more risks. Once the laptop is lost, the economic loss of the laptop itself is the first risk we will face. What's more important is the datum loss and leakage along with the lost laptop, these losses may be related to personal privacy, work result and trade secret, which are inestimable. Due to these reasons, it is very necessary to find the lost laptop by positioning technology. Among the positioning technology, Global Positioning System(GPS) has high location precision, but is unavailable in sheltered places. BeiDou(BD) has less precision than GPS in location, but it is developed by our country independently, and it can position and communicate at the same time. Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) has less precision in location than GPS and BD, but it is available in sheltered places, and it has very mature communication function. After full study on GPS、BD and GSM location technologies, this article proposed a new laptop positioning system based on GPS/BD/GSM.
The system consists of two parts, one is location terminal, the other is the location monitoring service center. the location terminal contains one location and communication board, which can be inserted into laptop miniPCIe slot, it can make use of GPS、BD and GSM location service and communicate with the location monitoring service center (by GSM and BD). For the location monitoring service center, there are two kinds of mode for different users. One is small group mode (for users of individual or small unit), this kind of users generally do not have too much money, and it is unnecessary for them to build an extra formal service center, they only need one phone which can send and receive short messages. The other is large group mode(for users of large unit), this kind of users need to monitor more laptop, so we need to build a formal service center, with communication equipment and monitor platform. The communication equipment is used to communicate with the positioning terminal, its functions include sending requests to the positioning terminal for obtaining position information, and sending requests of data protection to ask for remote protection for the terminal's data. The monitor platform is a management platform based on Geographic Information System, its functions include creating electronic map for monitoring, performing location query and trajectory query for the location monitoring service center. With these functions and features, this system can make it intuitive and convenient for users to locate terminal and protect the datum they care about.
引文
[1]王春波.GPS/GPRS车载终端的设计与实现[D].成都：电子科技大学,2008：2-30.
[2]谢钢.GPS原理与接收机设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009：1-126,210-265.
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[4]徐绍锉,张华海,杨志强.GPS测量原理及应用[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2003：48-72.
[5]王惠南.GPS导航原理与应用[M].北京：科学出版社.2003：329-331.
[6]帅平,曲广吉,陈忠贵.导航星座自主导航技术研究[J].中国工程科学,2006,8(3)：20-30.
[7]刘伟.基于“北斗一号”的车载导航终端系统设计与实现[D].成都：电子科技大学,2010：6-11.
[8]白钰.北斗导航定位系统在军事上的应用及系统发展应注意的几个问题[J].黑龙江科技信息,2007,(1)：16-17.
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[10]http://baike.baidu.com/view/7530. htm
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[12]余肖勇.基于GSM的远程监控系统的设计与应用[D].长沙：中南大学,2005：45-54.
[13]宋圆圆.GSM网络小区覆盖分析[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2011：5-21.
[14]胡振文,孙玉梅,李仁杰.地理信息系统原理与应用[M].北京：中国铁道出版社.2005：4-11.
[15]陈述彭,鲁学军,周虎成.地理信息系统导论[M].北京：科学出版社2000：4-10.
[16]钟海丽,童瑞华,李军.GPS定位与地图匹配方法研究[J].小型微型计算机系统.2003,24(1)：109-113.
[17]周润景,张丽娜.Protel 99 SE原理图与印制电路板设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008：2-78.
[18]Kaplan, E.&C. Christopher. Understanding GPS Principles and Applications[M]. London:Artech House,1996:21-67,559-635.
[19]刘天旺.Protel 99SE电路设计应用教程[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007：86-94.
[20]宋洪涛.GPS接收机抗干扰技术研究[D].黑龙江：哈尔滨工程大学,2011：2-38.
[21]龚建伟,熊光明.Visual C++/Turbo C串口通信编程实践[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004：1-167.
[22]余臻.基于AT指令集的远程通信的实现[J].厦门大学学报,2004,43(2)：167-170.
[23]刘鎏.用Visual C++实现计算机串行通信的几种方法[J].舰船电子工程,2006,(1)：94-97.
[24]王中训,徐超,王德法.基于VC++6.0的多串口通信方法[J].计算机应用,2008,(28)：254-256.
[25]Liu, J. Evaluation Practice on Airborn GPS Data Quality[J]. Survey Review,2002,36(284):463-469.
[26]马红皎,胡永辉,华宇.卫星导航技术在PDA上的应用研究[J].时间频率学报,2005,(1)：2-6.
[27]总参测绘局.“北斗一号”实用型用户机数据接口要求[EB/OL].2006
[28]贾德伟.北斗一代接收机基带信号处理的设计和实现[D].陕西：西安电子科技大学,2011：2-44.
[29]吴猛.GSM网络覆盖分析系统的研究与实现[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2011：20-26.
[30]张学旺,唐贤伦.MD5算法及其在文件系统完整性保护中的应用[J].计算机应用,2003,23(S1)：87-88.
[31]齐锐,屈韶琳.用Mapx开发地理信息系统[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003：12-30.
[32]Maplnfo Corporation. MapX5.0开发人员指南[EB/OL].MapInfo Corporation,2004.
[2]谢钢.GPS原理与接收机设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009：1-126,210-265.
[3]Gerten, G. Protecting the global positioning system[J]. Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine,2005, (20):3-8.
[4]徐绍锉,张华海,杨志强.GPS测量原理及应用[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2003：48-72.
[5]王惠南.GPS导航原理与应用[M].北京：科学出版社.2003：329-331.
[6]帅平,曲广吉,陈忠贵.导航星座自主导航技术研究[J].中国工程科学,2006,8(3)：20-30.
[7]刘伟.基于“北斗一号”的车载导航终端系统设计与实现[D].成都：电子科技大学,2010：6-11.
[8]白钰.北斗导航定位系统在军事上的应用及系统发展应注意的几个问题[J].黑龙江科技信息,2007,(1)：16-17.
[9]王飞雪,许晓勇,庄钊文.中国电机工程学会2005年学术年会论文集[C].长沙：国防科技大学,2005：41-46.
[10]http://baike.baidu.com/view/7530. htm
[11]韩斌杰.GSM原理及其网络优化[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009：2-14.
[12]余肖勇.基于GSM的远程监控系统的设计与应用[D].长沙：中南大学,2005：45-54.
[13]宋圆圆.GSM网络小区覆盖分析[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2011：5-21.
[14]胡振文,孙玉梅,李仁杰.地理信息系统原理与应用[M].北京：中国铁道出版社.2005：4-11.
[15]陈述彭,鲁学军,周虎成.地理信息系统导论[M].北京：科学出版社2000：4-10.
[16]钟海丽,童瑞华,李军.GPS定位与地图匹配方法研究[J].小型微型计算机系统.2003,24(1)：109-113.
[17]周润景,张丽娜.Protel 99 SE原理图与印制电路板设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008：2-78.
[18]Kaplan, E.&C. Christopher. Understanding GPS Principles and Applications[M]. London:Artech House,1996:21-67,559-635.
[19]刘天旺.Protel 99SE电路设计应用教程[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007：86-94.
[20]宋洪涛.GPS接收机抗干扰技术研究[D].黑龙江：哈尔滨工程大学,2011：2-38.
[21]龚建伟,熊光明.Visual C++/Turbo C串口通信编程实践[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004：1-167.
[22]余臻.基于AT指令集的远程通信的实现[J].厦门大学学报,2004,43(2)：167-170.
[23]刘鎏.用Visual C++实现计算机串行通信的几种方法[J].舰船电子工程,2006,(1)：94-97.
[24]王中训,徐超,王德法.基于VC++6.0的多串口通信方法[J].计算机应用,2008,(28)：254-256.
[25]Liu, J. Evaluation Practice on Airborn GPS Data Quality[J]. Survey Review,2002,36(284):463-469.
[26]马红皎,胡永辉,华宇.卫星导航技术在PDA上的应用研究[J].时间频率学报,2005,(1)：2-6.
[27]总参测绘局.“北斗一号”实用型用户机数据接口要求[EB/OL].2006
[28]贾德伟.北斗一代接收机基带信号处理的设计和实现[D].陕西：西安电子科技大学,2011：2-44.
[29]吴猛.GSM网络覆盖分析系统的研究与实现[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2011：20-26.
[30]张学旺,唐贤伦.MD5算法及其在文件系统完整性保护中的应用[J].计算机应用,2003,23(S1)：87-88.
[31]齐锐,屈韶琳.用Mapx开发地理信息系统[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003：12-30.
[32]Maplnfo Corporation. MapX5.0开发人员指南[EB/OL].MapInfo Corporation,2004.