高功能大豆蛋白/聚酯面料制备研究
摘要
涤纶,由于其独特的物理机械性能,如高强度、抗拉伸、耐磨、耐酸碱氧化剂腐蚀及优异的弹性回复性能,成为世界上应用最广泛的合成纤维品种,但是其吸湿性差,保健功能差,服用舒适性能不理想。
将蛋白质接枝到涤纶织物表面可以提高涤纶织物的服用舒适性能和保健功能。一方面表面接枝蛋白质,蛋白质的用量少,利用率高,而且与皮肤接触的都是蛋白质,保健功能良好；另一方面接枝蛋白质后,面料的服用性能保持良好。但是由于涤纶纤维表面缺少可反应基团,在接枝蛋白质之前要赋予涤纶纤维可反应基团,目前研究的方法主要基于氢氧化钠的碱减量处理、高锰酸钾的氧化处理、等离子紫外线等辐照引发等等,以上方法都会使涤纶纤维大分子链断裂,而使织物的机械性能有所损失,且工艺复杂,对设备要求较高,不利于大规模生产。
本文利用在高温高压下,涤纶纤维的聚酯链段会发生运动,产生大量间隙的原理,将含多羟基化合物蔗糖脂肪酸酯镶嵌在涤纶织物表面,赋予涤纶表面可反应基团,同时保持涤纶织物的力学性能,并通过交联剂的作用接枝大豆蛋白。研究内容包括了采用镶嵌的方法赋予涤纶表面大量可反应基团,并将大豆蛋白接枝到镶嵌涤纶的表面,开发出了高功能大豆蛋白/聚酯新面料,研究了接枝的最佳工艺和新面料的服用性能以及染色性能。
利用红外光谱和扫描电镜确定了镶嵌和接枝效果。采用单因素实验方法,确定了最佳接枝工艺；探讨了回潮率、吸水性、透气性、透湿性、白度、刚柔性以及折皱弹性与接枝率的关系；分别用活性染料和分散染料对新面料进行了染色分析,得出了以下结论：
(1)利用镶嵌的方法将蔗糖脂肪酸酯镶嵌到涤纶织物表面,使涤纶表面的羟基量增加,镶嵌后织物的透气性几乎没有变化,刚柔性增加,而折皱弹性回复角呈现先增加后减小的趋势。在镶嵌率1.45%的情况下,涤纶表面既有足够的可反应基团,又可以保证服用性能保持良好,即镶嵌率1.45%的织物作为下一步接枝大豆蛋白的原料,所以镶嵌的工艺为：蔗糖脂肪酸酯浓度1%,温度120℃,时间60min。
(2)利用具有柔软功能交联剂的作用,将大豆蛋白接枝到镶嵌了蔗糖脂肪酸酯的涤纶织物上,成功开发出了高功能大豆蛋白/聚酯面料。通过单因素实验方法,测试了接枝的最佳工艺：浴比1：50,交联剂浓度4.1g/L,交联时间30min,交联温度100℃,而接枝率随着大豆蛋白浓度的增加会逐渐增加。
(3)高功能大豆蛋白/聚酯面料的吸湿性较纯涤纶织物得到了较大改善,在接枝率6.86%时,回潮率达到1.05%,增加了2倍多,织物的白度、透气透湿性几乎没有变化,硬挺度增加,折皱弹性回复角减小,但是幅度不大,不会影响织物的服用性能。
(4)用活性染料对接枝大豆蛋白后的面料进行染色,上染效果明显,但是匀染性不好。利用分散染料在镶嵌的阶段同时染色,染色效果好,接枝大豆蛋白后也没有改变染色深度。
Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been widely used for textile fibers due to its excellent physical and mechanical properties such as high strength, durability, abrasion resistance, acid-proof alkaline, wrinkle resistance and recovery. However, his poor moisture regain more or less spoils the clothing cosiness. The performance of PTE can not be improved by grafting functional compounds, because PET has few reactable groups. In this study, sugar ester (SE) was encased into surface layer of PET fiber, which gave reactive groups to PET. Then soybean proteins could be grafted on the surface of PET fiber. Grafting process, clothing properties of fabric and dyeing performance were studied. Effect of encasing and grafting were studied by SEM and FT-IR. The optimum grafting process was determined by single factor experiment method. The relationship between grafting rate and clothing properties was discussed, and the clothing properties included moisture regain, hydrophilicity, air permeation, water vapor permeability, whiteness, stiffness and wrinkle resistance. Fabrics were dyed by reactive dyes and disperse dyes and dyeability was discussed. The most important findings could be as follows:
(1) SE was encased into surface layer of PET fiber, and there are lots of reactive hydroxyl groups on the surface of PET. After encasing, the air permeation had no change, and the stiffness increased, and the angle of elastic recovery firstly increased and then decreased. When the encasing rate was 1.45%, there will be lots of reactive hydroxyl groups on the surface layer of PET, and the clothing properties changed unobviously. So we chose encasing rate of 1.45% as the fabric for grafting soybean protein. And the proper encasing process was, the concentration of SE of 1%, temperature of 120℃, the time of 60min.
(2)The soybean protein was grafted on the surface of encase PET with sugar ester glycidyl ether (SEGE) as crosslinking agent. The optimum grafting process was determined by single factor experiment method. And the proper grafting process was, bath ratio of 1:50, the concentration of crosslinking agent of 4.1g/L, time of 30 min, temperature of 100℃, and the grafting rate will increase according to the increase of the concentration of soybean protein.
(3) The moisture regain and hydrophilicity were improved markedly after grafting with protein. The moisture regain was up to 1.05% when the grafting ratio was 6.86%. The negative effect on whiteness and air permeation can be neglected. The stiffness increased a little and the angle of elastic recovery decreased a little, which didn't have effect on clothing properties.
(4) Polyester after grafting soybean protein dyed by reactive dyes and the dyeing effect was obviously, but the levelness was not good. Polyester dyed by disperse dyes at the same time encased with SE, and after dyeing and encasing, the soybean protein was grafted onto the fabric. The dyeing depth did not change after grafting soybean protein and the levelness was good.
将蛋白质接枝到涤纶织物表面可以提高涤纶织物的服用舒适性能和保健功能。一方面表面接枝蛋白质,蛋白质的用量少,利用率高,而且与皮肤接触的都是蛋白质,保健功能良好；另一方面接枝蛋白质后,面料的服用性能保持良好。但是由于涤纶纤维表面缺少可反应基团,在接枝蛋白质之前要赋予涤纶纤维可反应基团,目前研究的方法主要基于氢氧化钠的碱减量处理、高锰酸钾的氧化处理、等离子紫外线等辐照引发等等,以上方法都会使涤纶纤维大分子链断裂,而使织物的机械性能有所损失,且工艺复杂,对设备要求较高,不利于大规模生产。
本文利用在高温高压下,涤纶纤维的聚酯链段会发生运动,产生大量间隙的原理,将含多羟基化合物蔗糖脂肪酸酯镶嵌在涤纶织物表面,赋予涤纶表面可反应基团,同时保持涤纶织物的力学性能,并通过交联剂的作用接枝大豆蛋白。研究内容包括了采用镶嵌的方法赋予涤纶表面大量可反应基团,并将大豆蛋白接枝到镶嵌涤纶的表面,开发出了高功能大豆蛋白/聚酯新面料,研究了接枝的最佳工艺和新面料的服用性能以及染色性能。
利用红外光谱和扫描电镜确定了镶嵌和接枝效果。采用单因素实验方法,确定了最佳接枝工艺；探讨了回潮率、吸水性、透气性、透湿性、白度、刚柔性以及折皱弹性与接枝率的关系；分别用活性染料和分散染料对新面料进行了染色分析,得出了以下结论：
(1)利用镶嵌的方法将蔗糖脂肪酸酯镶嵌到涤纶织物表面,使涤纶表面的羟基量增加,镶嵌后织物的透气性几乎没有变化,刚柔性增加,而折皱弹性回复角呈现先增加后减小的趋势。在镶嵌率1.45%的情况下,涤纶表面既有足够的可反应基团,又可以保证服用性能保持良好,即镶嵌率1.45%的织物作为下一步接枝大豆蛋白的原料,所以镶嵌的工艺为：蔗糖脂肪酸酯浓度1%,温度120℃,时间60min。
(2)利用具有柔软功能交联剂的作用,将大豆蛋白接枝到镶嵌了蔗糖脂肪酸酯的涤纶织物上,成功开发出了高功能大豆蛋白/聚酯面料。通过单因素实验方法,测试了接枝的最佳工艺：浴比1：50,交联剂浓度4.1g/L,交联时间30min,交联温度100℃,而接枝率随着大豆蛋白浓度的增加会逐渐增加。
(3)高功能大豆蛋白/聚酯面料的吸湿性较纯涤纶织物得到了较大改善,在接枝率6.86%时,回潮率达到1.05%,增加了2倍多,织物的白度、透气透湿性几乎没有变化,硬挺度增加,折皱弹性回复角减小,但是幅度不大,不会影响织物的服用性能。
(4)用活性染料对接枝大豆蛋白后的面料进行染色,上染效果明显,但是匀染性不好。利用分散染料在镶嵌的阶段同时染色,染色效果好,接枝大豆蛋白后也没有改变染色深度。
Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been widely used for textile fibers due to its excellent physical and mechanical properties such as high strength, durability, abrasion resistance, acid-proof alkaline, wrinkle resistance and recovery. However, his poor moisture regain more or less spoils the clothing cosiness. The performance of PTE can not be improved by grafting functional compounds, because PET has few reactable groups. In this study, sugar ester (SE) was encased into surface layer of PET fiber, which gave reactive groups to PET. Then soybean proteins could be grafted on the surface of PET fiber. Grafting process, clothing properties of fabric and dyeing performance were studied. Effect of encasing and grafting were studied by SEM and FT-IR. The optimum grafting process was determined by single factor experiment method. The relationship between grafting rate and clothing properties was discussed, and the clothing properties included moisture regain, hydrophilicity, air permeation, water vapor permeability, whiteness, stiffness and wrinkle resistance. Fabrics were dyed by reactive dyes and disperse dyes and dyeability was discussed. The most important findings could be as follows:
(1) SE was encased into surface layer of PET fiber, and there are lots of reactive hydroxyl groups on the surface of PET. After encasing, the air permeation had no change, and the stiffness increased, and the angle of elastic recovery firstly increased and then decreased. When the encasing rate was 1.45%, there will be lots of reactive hydroxyl groups on the surface layer of PET, and the clothing properties changed unobviously. So we chose encasing rate of 1.45% as the fabric for grafting soybean protein. And the proper encasing process was, the concentration of SE of 1%, temperature of 120℃, the time of 60min.
(2)The soybean protein was grafted on the surface of encase PET with sugar ester glycidyl ether (SEGE) as crosslinking agent. The optimum grafting process was determined by single factor experiment method. And the proper grafting process was, bath ratio of 1:50, the concentration of crosslinking agent of 4.1g/L, time of 30 min, temperature of 100℃, and the grafting rate will increase according to the increase of the concentration of soybean protein.
(3) The moisture regain and hydrophilicity were improved markedly after grafting with protein. The moisture regain was up to 1.05% when the grafting ratio was 6.86%. The negative effect on whiteness and air permeation can be neglected. The stiffness increased a little and the angle of elastic recovery decreased a little, which didn't have effect on clothing properties.
(4) Polyester after grafting soybean protein dyed by reactive dyes and the dyeing effect was obviously, but the levelness was not good. Polyester dyed by disperse dyes at the same time encased with SE, and after dyeing and encasing, the soybean protein was grafted onto the fabric. The dyeing depth did not change after grafting soybean protein and the levelness was good.
引文
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