氧化石墨改性亲水膜材的制备及其性能研究
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摘要
为了制备综合性能良好的肥料包膜材料,本文采用超声分散法制备氧化石墨／(改性)脲醛树脂和氧化石墨／聚乙烯醇缩甲醛复合材料,并分别对其性能进行研究。
采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨,对其结构和性能进行表征,结果表明氧化石墨中存在大量活性基团；分散性测试表明氧化石墨超声后能够在水中与聚乙烯醇中分散良好。
采用超声分散法制备氧化石墨／(改性)脲醛树脂复合材料,使用SEM对复合材料的断脆面进行观察,发现氧化石墨在复合材料中分散良好；比较研究氧化石墨对复合材料各项性能的影响,发现添加氧化石墨后材料的粘度和剪切强度都有所提高而且复合材料具有良好的热学性能；将氧化石墨／(改性)脲醛树脂复合材料制备成膜。
制备氧化石墨／聚乙烯醇缩甲醛复合材料并流延成膜,采用SEM对氧化石墨／聚乙烯醇缩甲醛膜的断面进行观察,对膜材料的热性能进行考察发现复合材料热稳定性能略有提高。
研究了不同厚度氧化石墨／(改性)脲醛树脂膜和氧化石墨／聚乙烯醇缩甲醛膜对尿素的透过性能。膜材透肥性研究结果表明,膜的累积透肥量均随着膜材厚度的增加而降低；膜厚度相同时,膜对尿素的透过性能均随着氧化石墨含量的增加而降低。
In order to prepare a kind of coating materials with superior comprehensive property, the composite materials of graphite oxide (GO)/(modified) urea-formaldehyde (M)UF and graphite oxide(GO)/polyvinyl formal (PVFM) were prepared by sonication dispersion method. Meanwhile, the properties of the composite materials were also investigated.
GO was prepared by Hummers method, and its structure and properties were characterized. It was discovered that a large number of active groups existed in GO, which made it have excellent dispersion in both water and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
GO/(M)UF composites was prepared by sonication dispersion method. The cross-section of the composites was viewed by SEM. The effect of GO content on the viscosity and shear strength of the composites were studied and the result showed that GO had excellent dispersity in the composites. The result showed that the viscosity and shear strength improved with the increase of GO content and the composites had good thermal stability. In addition, GO/(M)UF membranes were also prepared.
GO/PVFM composite was prepared and made into film by casting method. The cross-section of the composite membrane were viewed by SEM. The thermal performance of the composite membranes was characterized and the result showed that it was improved because of the addition of GO.
The urea permeation performance of membranes of GO/(M)UF films and GO/PVFM films with different thickness was studied. The research results indicated that the cumulate permeation value decreased with the increase of membrane thickness. When the membrane thickness was the same, the permeation property decreased with the increase of GO content.
采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨,对其结构和性能进行表征,结果表明氧化石墨中存在大量活性基团；分散性测试表明氧化石墨超声后能够在水中与聚乙烯醇中分散良好。
采用超声分散法制备氧化石墨／(改性)脲醛树脂复合材料,使用SEM对复合材料的断脆面进行观察,发现氧化石墨在复合材料中分散良好；比较研究氧化石墨对复合材料各项性能的影响,发现添加氧化石墨后材料的粘度和剪切强度都有所提高而且复合材料具有良好的热学性能；将氧化石墨／(改性)脲醛树脂复合材料制备成膜。
制备氧化石墨／聚乙烯醇缩甲醛复合材料并流延成膜,采用SEM对氧化石墨／聚乙烯醇缩甲醛膜的断面进行观察,对膜材料的热性能进行考察发现复合材料热稳定性能略有提高。
研究了不同厚度氧化石墨／(改性)脲醛树脂膜和氧化石墨／聚乙烯醇缩甲醛膜对尿素的透过性能。膜材透肥性研究结果表明,膜的累积透肥量均随着膜材厚度的增加而降低；膜厚度相同时,膜对尿素的透过性能均随着氧化石墨含量的增加而降低。
In order to prepare a kind of coating materials with superior comprehensive property, the composite materials of graphite oxide (GO)/(modified) urea-formaldehyde (M)UF and graphite oxide(GO)/polyvinyl formal (PVFM) were prepared by sonication dispersion method. Meanwhile, the properties of the composite materials were also investigated.
GO was prepared by Hummers method, and its structure and properties were characterized. It was discovered that a large number of active groups existed in GO, which made it have excellent dispersion in both water and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
GO/(M)UF composites was prepared by sonication dispersion method. The cross-section of the composites was viewed by SEM. The effect of GO content on the viscosity and shear strength of the composites were studied and the result showed that GO had excellent dispersity in the composites. The result showed that the viscosity and shear strength improved with the increase of GO content and the composites had good thermal stability. In addition, GO/(M)UF membranes were also prepared.
GO/PVFM composite was prepared and made into film by casting method. The cross-section of the composite membrane were viewed by SEM. The thermal performance of the composite membranes was characterized and the result showed that it was improved because of the addition of GO.
The urea permeation performance of membranes of GO/(M)UF films and GO/PVFM films with different thickness was studied. The research results indicated that the cumulate permeation value decreased with the increase of membrane thickness. When the membrane thickness was the same, the permeation property decreased with the increase of GO content.
引文
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