黄瓜果实可溶性糖含量遗传效应的初步研究
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摘要
黄瓜(Cucumis sativus.L..),富含维生素A、C以及多种矿物质,分布于世界各地,通过自然选择,人工选择和引种,形成很多生态型。它是我国的主要蔬菜作物之一,也是人们最喜食的蔬菜之一。黄瓜不仅作为生食、熟食、腌渍的蔬菜,而且经常被人们当作水果鲜食。黄瓜独特的风味,脆嫩的质地是其一直受人们所青睐的重要原因之一。果实中糖、酸含量、糖酸比等因子是决定其风味品质最重要的指标。因此,研究黄瓜果实可溶性糖含量的遗传效应具有重要意义。
本研究以40个黄瓜品种(系)为试验材料,对果实果糖、葡萄糖含量等6个品质性状进行了主成分和聚类分析。选择了6个黄瓜品种作为亲本,按Griffing方法2双列杂交法配制了15个杂交组合,根据加性-显性与环境互作的遗传模型,分析了黄瓜6个亲本和15个F_1杂交组合在大棚和露地两种环境下黄瓜果实内可溶性糖、有机酸及可溶性固形物含量的遗传效应,预测了不同环境F_1杂种优势的遗传表现。以高果糖含量黄瓜EP326和低果糖含量黄瓜科普二号为材料,运用植物数量性状遗传体系的分析方法对黄瓜果实果糖含量进行了遗传模型分析。主要研究结果如下:
1.以40个黄瓜品种(系)为试验材料,对果实果糖、葡萄糖含量等6个品质性状进行了研究。结果表明:遗传变异系数以果糖和葡萄糖含量较高,说明在早世代进行单株选择会有较好的效果。主成分分析结果表明:40个品种分为品质、形态和产量3个主成分,且累计贡献率达96.48%。聚类分析结果表明,当遗传距离为0.10时,40个黄瓜品种被分为大果中可溶性糖含量、小果中可溶性糖含量、小果低可溶性糖含量和中果高可溶性糖含量4种类型。
2.选择6个黄瓜品种为亲本,按Griffing方法2双列杂交法配制15个杂交组合,根据加性-显性与环境互作的遗传模型,分析了黄瓜6个自交系亲本和15个F_1杂交组合在大棚和露地2种环境下果实内5种主要可溶性糖、有机酸及可溶性固形物含量的遗传效应。结果表明:5种可溶性糖、有机酸和可溶性固形物含量的亲本和F_1在两个环境中的表现并不一致,该结果预示着可能存在基因型与环境的互作;遗传方差分量分析表明:果糖、有机酸和可溶性固形物含量主要受加性效应的影响。遗传率分析表明:仅有果糖、有机酸和可溶性固形物含量存在普通狭义遗传率,且达到极显著水平。遗传相关分析表明:果糖和葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖含量的基因型和表现型相关呈显著或极显著正相关。
3.以高果糖含量黄瓜EP326和低果糖含量黄瓜科普二号杂交并自交及回交所获得的6个世代(P_1、P_2、F_1、BC_1、BC_2和F_2)为材料,利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对黄瓜果实果糖含量进行了遗传模型分析。黄瓜果实果糖含量受1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制,其中以主基因遗传为主;在黄瓜育种实践中,对该性状的选择适宜在早世代进行。
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus.L.), with high vitamins A, C and minerals content, is one important vegetable over the world, and variance ecotypes were formed in different regions under natural and artificial selection. The unique flavor and crisp texture make it very popular in the market. Sugar and acid content and sugar acid content ratio of the fruit are the most important quality traits for cucumber. Therefore, the research about genetic effects of cucumber quality characters is very necessary for the quality improvement.
In this study, the fruit quality related characters of 40 cucumber varieties were evaluated by Principal component and cluster analysis. Six culitvars with different content of sugar organic acid and soluble solids were selected to be parental lines, and fifteen F_1s were got according to Griffing 2 diallel cross method. Six parents and fifteen F_1s were evaluated under two environments that were greenhouse and open field. Genetic effects and genotype by environment interaction effects for 5 kinds of sugar content and two major fruit quality traits of cucumber were analyzed by using a genetic model including additive-dominance effects and their interaction effects with environments, and the heterosis performance under different environment were also predicted. High-sugar content line EP326 and the low-sugar content line kepu 2 were used as parental lines, their F_1, BC_1, BC_2 and F_2 were bred. The fructose content of six generations of cucumber was analyzed by using the mixing major gene and polygene inheritance model. The main results were as follows:
1. Fructose、glucose content and other four fruit quality traits of 40 cucumber varieties (lines) were analyzed. The results showed that the genetic variance of fructose and glucose content were high, therefore, it would be effective to select the aim plant in early generations. The principal component analysis indicated that 40 species could be divided into three principal component factors as quality, morphology and yield, and the total contribution rate reached 96.48%. Base on the cluster analysis, 40 cucumber cultivars were grouped into 4 types that were large fruit- medium quality type, small fruit- quality type, small fruit-low quality type and medium fruit-high quality type at genetic distance of 0.10.
2. Five major kinds of sugar, organic acid and soluable solids contents of six parental lines and their 15 F_1s were analyzed under two environments. The results presented that the performance of quality characters of cucumber were different under two environments, and it indicated there might be genotype and environment interaction in cucumber. Genetic variance indicated that the content of fructose, acid and soluble solids were mainly controlled by additive effects. By the heritability analysis, we found that there was extremely significant general heritability in the narrow sense of fructose, organic acid and soluble solids. The genotype and phenotype correlation values of the content of fructose and glucose, sucrose, maltose were positive and significant or extremely significant.
3. Six generations of P_1, P_2, F_1, BC_1, BC_2 and F_2 from the cross of the high-sugar content line EP326 and the low-sugar content line Kepu 2 were obtained to analyze the genetic effects of the fructose content of cucumber fruit by using of the mixed major gene and polygene inheritance model. The heredity of the fructose content of cucumber fruit could be explained by an additive-dominance major gene and additive-dominance polygene model, and mainly controlled by the main gene. In cucumber breeding, the selection in early generations might be effective.
本研究以40个黄瓜品种(系)为试验材料,对果实果糖、葡萄糖含量等6个品质性状进行了主成分和聚类分析。选择了6个黄瓜品种作为亲本,按Griffing方法2双列杂交法配制了15个杂交组合,根据加性-显性与环境互作的遗传模型,分析了黄瓜6个亲本和15个F_1杂交组合在大棚和露地两种环境下黄瓜果实内可溶性糖、有机酸及可溶性固形物含量的遗传效应,预测了不同环境F_1杂种优势的遗传表现。以高果糖含量黄瓜EP326和低果糖含量黄瓜科普二号为材料,运用植物数量性状遗传体系的分析方法对黄瓜果实果糖含量进行了遗传模型分析。主要研究结果如下:
1.以40个黄瓜品种(系)为试验材料,对果实果糖、葡萄糖含量等6个品质性状进行了研究。结果表明:遗传变异系数以果糖和葡萄糖含量较高,说明在早世代进行单株选择会有较好的效果。主成分分析结果表明:40个品种分为品质、形态和产量3个主成分,且累计贡献率达96.48%。聚类分析结果表明,当遗传距离为0.10时,40个黄瓜品种被分为大果中可溶性糖含量、小果中可溶性糖含量、小果低可溶性糖含量和中果高可溶性糖含量4种类型。
2.选择6个黄瓜品种为亲本,按Griffing方法2双列杂交法配制15个杂交组合,根据加性-显性与环境互作的遗传模型,分析了黄瓜6个自交系亲本和15个F_1杂交组合在大棚和露地2种环境下果实内5种主要可溶性糖、有机酸及可溶性固形物含量的遗传效应。结果表明:5种可溶性糖、有机酸和可溶性固形物含量的亲本和F_1在两个环境中的表现并不一致,该结果预示着可能存在基因型与环境的互作;遗传方差分量分析表明:果糖、有机酸和可溶性固形物含量主要受加性效应的影响。遗传率分析表明:仅有果糖、有机酸和可溶性固形物含量存在普通狭义遗传率,且达到极显著水平。遗传相关分析表明:果糖和葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖含量的基因型和表现型相关呈显著或极显著正相关。
3.以高果糖含量黄瓜EP326和低果糖含量黄瓜科普二号杂交并自交及回交所获得的6个世代(P_1、P_2、F_1、BC_1、BC_2和F_2)为材料,利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对黄瓜果实果糖含量进行了遗传模型分析。黄瓜果实果糖含量受1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制,其中以主基因遗传为主;在黄瓜育种实践中,对该性状的选择适宜在早世代进行。
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus.L.), with high vitamins A, C and minerals content, is one important vegetable over the world, and variance ecotypes were formed in different regions under natural and artificial selection. The unique flavor and crisp texture make it very popular in the market. Sugar and acid content and sugar acid content ratio of the fruit are the most important quality traits for cucumber. Therefore, the research about genetic effects of cucumber quality characters is very necessary for the quality improvement.
In this study, the fruit quality related characters of 40 cucumber varieties were evaluated by Principal component and cluster analysis. Six culitvars with different content of sugar organic acid and soluble solids were selected to be parental lines, and fifteen F_1s were got according to Griffing 2 diallel cross method. Six parents and fifteen F_1s were evaluated under two environments that were greenhouse and open field. Genetic effects and genotype by environment interaction effects for 5 kinds of sugar content and two major fruit quality traits of cucumber were analyzed by using a genetic model including additive-dominance effects and their interaction effects with environments, and the heterosis performance under different environment were also predicted. High-sugar content line EP326 and the low-sugar content line kepu 2 were used as parental lines, their F_1, BC_1, BC_2 and F_2 were bred. The fructose content of six generations of cucumber was analyzed by using the mixing major gene and polygene inheritance model. The main results were as follows:
1. Fructose、glucose content and other four fruit quality traits of 40 cucumber varieties (lines) were analyzed. The results showed that the genetic variance of fructose and glucose content were high, therefore, it would be effective to select the aim plant in early generations. The principal component analysis indicated that 40 species could be divided into three principal component factors as quality, morphology and yield, and the total contribution rate reached 96.48%. Base on the cluster analysis, 40 cucumber cultivars were grouped into 4 types that were large fruit- medium quality type, small fruit- quality type, small fruit-low quality type and medium fruit-high quality type at genetic distance of 0.10.
2. Five major kinds of sugar, organic acid and soluable solids contents of six parental lines and their 15 F_1s were analyzed under two environments. The results presented that the performance of quality characters of cucumber were different under two environments, and it indicated there might be genotype and environment interaction in cucumber. Genetic variance indicated that the content of fructose, acid and soluble solids were mainly controlled by additive effects. By the heritability analysis, we found that there was extremely significant general heritability in the narrow sense of fructose, organic acid and soluble solids. The genotype and phenotype correlation values of the content of fructose and glucose, sucrose, maltose were positive and significant or extremely significant.
3. Six generations of P_1, P_2, F_1, BC_1, BC_2 and F_2 from the cross of the high-sugar content line EP326 and the low-sugar content line Kepu 2 were obtained to analyze the genetic effects of the fructose content of cucumber fruit by using of the mixed major gene and polygene inheritance model. The heredity of the fructose content of cucumber fruit could be explained by an additive-dominance major gene and additive-dominance polygene model, and mainly controlled by the main gene. In cucumber breeding, the selection in early generations might be effective.
引文
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