三氯乙烯污染地下水的吹脱方法研究
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摘要
三氯乙烯是一种有毒氯代有机溶剂,会对环境造成污染并通过各种途径最终进入人体造成伤害。空气吹脱法是去除地下水中三氯乙烯污染的一种快速且有效的方式。本文采用室内模拟方法,系统研究了空气吹脱方法和加热方法对模拟地下水中三氯乙烯的去除效果和影响因素。
空气吹脱法处理地下水中三氯乙烯的研究实验结果表明,曝气量对去除速率有一定的影响,最佳曝气流量为0.5L/min。500mg/L的三氯乙烯在曝气流量0.5L/min时,去除速率可达最大值0.045mg·L-1·min-1。并且,同一曝气流量条件下,模拟体系中三氯乙烯浓度越高,其去除速率越大。在介质中,使用脉冲曝气机制在曝气20min内可以达到90%以上的去除率,比连续曝气机制能达到更佳的去除效果。
加热法处理地下水中三氯乙烯的研究实验结果表明,随着反应温度的升高,三氯乙烯去除速率和去除率均随之增加,在80℃反应210min后去除效果良好,去除率可接近100%。采用红外光谱仪分析三氯乙烯加热后的代谢产物,结果表明期间可能形成的物质有COCl2、CO2、HCl。
将空气吹脱和加热两种方法结合,采用正交试验方法研究其主要影响因素。实验结果表明,曝气量影响最大,温度其次,浓度居末。并且,模拟实际污染场地试验中,曝气30min后各污染物残留浓度均可达到标准。
Trichloroethylene is a kind of widespread polluted chlorinated organic solvent pollutants, it can through various channels enter human body to damage. Air Sparging method (AS method) is a rapid and effective remove method of trichloroethylene in the groundwater. This paper, through the laboratory simulation studied AS methods and heating method to eliminate trichloroethylene, for further study inside trichloroethylene pollution of groundwater management has certain directive significance.
For Thermal Treatment of trichloroethylene conducted a preliminary study, with the rise of temperature, the concentration of trichloroethylene solution removal rate also increased. The higher the temperature, the faster trichloroethylene solution removal rate, and after 210min the better removal efficiency, finally the removal rate can nearly reach 100%. Different concentrations of trichloroethylene solution remove trends are very close, finally removal efficiency is also very close, the bigger concentration the bigger removal rate, but with the rise of temperature this trend become less obvious. And perliminary studied possible outcomes after Thermal Treatment of trichloroethylene by infrared spectrometer.
Studies the removal efficiency and influencing factors of air sparging method removing trichloroethylene, the aeration flow has certain effect for removal rate, but not the bigger the better, on the same concentrations,0.5L/min has the largest removal rate of the four kinds of aeration flow, in 0.5L/min 500mg/L trichloroethylene the removal rate reached 0.045mg·L-1·min-1, very clearly proves the 0.5L/min aeration rate is the best aeration flow. The same aeration flow, the higher the concentration of trichloroethylene solution the bigger removal rate is. In a medium, pulse aeration mechanism is better than continuous aeration system.
The orthogonal test method was used to study the progression of oxygen, temperature and concentration the three factors, and simulation field cases in a laboratory experiments, the results show that the air sparging method processing contaminated sites is an effective and feasible, remarkable time-consuming short method.
空气吹脱法处理地下水中三氯乙烯的研究实验结果表明,曝气量对去除速率有一定的影响,最佳曝气流量为0.5L/min。500mg/L的三氯乙烯在曝气流量0.5L/min时,去除速率可达最大值0.045mg·L-1·min-1。并且,同一曝气流量条件下,模拟体系中三氯乙烯浓度越高,其去除速率越大。在介质中,使用脉冲曝气机制在曝气20min内可以达到90%以上的去除率,比连续曝气机制能达到更佳的去除效果。
加热法处理地下水中三氯乙烯的研究实验结果表明,随着反应温度的升高,三氯乙烯去除速率和去除率均随之增加,在80℃反应210min后去除效果良好,去除率可接近100%。采用红外光谱仪分析三氯乙烯加热后的代谢产物,结果表明期间可能形成的物质有COCl2、CO2、HCl。
将空气吹脱和加热两种方法结合,采用正交试验方法研究其主要影响因素。实验结果表明,曝气量影响最大,温度其次,浓度居末。并且,模拟实际污染场地试验中,曝气30min后各污染物残留浓度均可达到标准。
Trichloroethylene is a kind of widespread polluted chlorinated organic solvent pollutants, it can through various channels enter human body to damage. Air Sparging method (AS method) is a rapid and effective remove method of trichloroethylene in the groundwater. This paper, through the laboratory simulation studied AS methods and heating method to eliminate trichloroethylene, for further study inside trichloroethylene pollution of groundwater management has certain directive significance.
For Thermal Treatment of trichloroethylene conducted a preliminary study, with the rise of temperature, the concentration of trichloroethylene solution removal rate also increased. The higher the temperature, the faster trichloroethylene solution removal rate, and after 210min the better removal efficiency, finally the removal rate can nearly reach 100%. Different concentrations of trichloroethylene solution remove trends are very close, finally removal efficiency is also very close, the bigger concentration the bigger removal rate, but with the rise of temperature this trend become less obvious. And perliminary studied possible outcomes after Thermal Treatment of trichloroethylene by infrared spectrometer.
Studies the removal efficiency and influencing factors of air sparging method removing trichloroethylene, the aeration flow has certain effect for removal rate, but not the bigger the better, on the same concentrations,0.5L/min has the largest removal rate of the four kinds of aeration flow, in 0.5L/min 500mg/L trichloroethylene the removal rate reached 0.045mg·L-1·min-1, very clearly proves the 0.5L/min aeration rate is the best aeration flow. The same aeration flow, the higher the concentration of trichloroethylene solution the bigger removal rate is. In a medium, pulse aeration mechanism is better than continuous aeration system.
The orthogonal test method was used to study the progression of oxygen, temperature and concentration the three factors, and simulation field cases in a laboratory experiments, the results show that the air sparging method processing contaminated sites is an effective and feasible, remarkable time-consuming short method.
引文
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[2]龚子同,陈鸿昭,刘良梧.土壤环境变化与可持续发展.地理科学.2000,20(6)：517-521
[3]Sturchio N C.Chlorine isotope investigation of natural attenuation of trichloroethene in an aerobic aquifer.Environmental Science and Technology.1998,32 (20):30-37
[4]俞光明,刘红樱,张泰丽.杭州市浅层地下水有机污染及其风险初步评价.资源调查与环境.2007,28(3)：198-203
[5]崔健,代雅建,按志娴.松花江沿岸某城市浅层地下水有机污染特征.环境卫生工程.2009,17(4)：26-28
[6]王昭,王慧珍,石建省.地下水有机污染研究进展.勘察科学技术.2008,1(6)：23-26
[7]Beneteau K M, Aravens R, Frape S K.Isotopic characterization of chlorinated solvents-laboratory and field results.Organic Geochemistry.1999,30 (8):739-753
[8]Eguchi M, Kitagawa M. A field evaluation of in situ biodegradation of trichlomethylene through methane injection.Water Research.2001,35 (9):2145-2152
[9]沈德钟.污染物的生物修复.北京：化学工业出版社.2002
[10]Folsom B R, Chapman P J, Pritchard P H.Phenol and trichloroethylene degradation by Pseudomonas cepacia G4:kinetics and interactions between substrates.Applied and Environmental Microbiology.1990,56 (5):1279-1285
[11]French W T, Brown L R, Downer D N.Effects of n-hexadecane and PM-100 clay on trichloroethylene degradation by Burkholderia cepacia.Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2002,92 (1):89-102.
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[13]Hirata T, Nakasugi, Yoshioka M.Groundwater pollution by volatile organochlorines in Japan and related phenomena in the substance environment.Water Science and technology.1992,125 (11):9-16
[14]Richard E D.A history of the production and use of carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane in the United States:Part 2-trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Journal of Environmental Forensics.2000, 1 (2):83-93
[15]Middeldorp J M, Aalst A, Rijnaarts H M. Stimulation of reductive dechlorination for in-situ bioremediation of a soil contaminated with chlorinated ethenes.Water Science and technology.1998,37 (8):105-110
[16]张达政,陈鸿汉,李海明.浅层地下水卤代烃污染初步研究.中国地质.2002,29(3)：326-329
[17]张惠敏.三氯乙烯生产及应用现状.中国氯碱.2004,53(8)：17-19
[18]Toyoshi U, Junzo Y. Behavioral Effects of Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene in Mice. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.1997,58 (3):665-671
[19]U.S.EPA.Assessment of trichloroethylene as a potentially toxic air pollutant; proposed rule. Federal Register; Part IV 1985,50 (246):52422-52425
[20]杜群芳,徐新云,杨荣兴.三氯乙烯引起皮肤和肝脏损害的病例报告.职业与健康.2006,22(14)：1060-1061
[21]赵勇胜.地下水污染场地污染的控制与修复.吉林大学学报(地球科学版).2007,37(2)：303-310
[22]陈秀成,曹瑞任.地下水污染治理技术.中国给水排水.2004,1(5)：158-160
[23]Mackay D M, Cherry T A.Groundwater contamination:pump-and-treat remediation. Environment Science and Technology.1989,23 (6):630-636
[24]钟佐燊.地下水有机污染控制及就地恢复技术研究进展(一).水文地质工程地质.2001,28(3)：1-3
[25]Siegrist R L, Rifai H S, Newell C J.Groundwater Contamination:Transport and Remediation (2nd).New Jersey:PTR Prentice Hall.1999
[26]Gates D, Siegrist R L.In-Situ chemical oxidation of trichloroethylene using hydrogen peroxide.Environmental Engineering.1995,121 (9):639-644
[27]Yan Y E, Schwartz F W.Kinetics and mechanisms for TCE oxidation by permanganate. Environmental Science and Technology.2000,34 (12):2535-2541
[28]West O R, Cline S R, Holden W L.A Full Scale Demonstration of In Situ Chemical Oxidation Through Recirulaion at the X-701B Site:Field Operations and TCE Degradation. Oak Ridge National Laboratory.1998
[29]Kelly K L, Marley M C, Sperry K L.In Situ chemical oxidation on MTBE//Proceedings of 2002 Joint CSCE/EWRI of ASCE International Conference on Environmental Engineering.July 21-24, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada.2002
[30]Brown R A, Robinson D, Skladany GResponse to naturally occuring organic material: Permanganate versus persulfate//Proceedings of Consoil,2003-8th International FZK/TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil.May 12-16, Genter Belgium.2003,1692- 1698
[31]Sperry K L, Marley M C, Bruell C J.Iron catalyzed persulfate oxidation of chlorinated solvents//Third International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey.CA, USA.20-23 May 2003
[32]陶映初,陶举洲.环境电化学.北京：化学工业出版社.2003
[33]Bruell C J, Segall B A, Walsh M T.Electroosmotic Removal of Gasoline Hydrocarbons and TCE from Clay.Environmental Engineering.1992,118 (1):68-83
[34]蓝俊康.植物修复技术在污染治理中的应用现状.地质灾害与环境保护.2004,15(1)：46-52
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