跨越文化：新闻报道英译策略研究
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摘要
对外新闻翻译是对外宣传的主要渠道之一。如何准确而有效地传播信息,相当程度上有赖于对原文的信息在语言与文化两方面进行的处理。
新闻报道在语言形式与文体特点上不同于其他新闻体裁,如新闻特写与新闻评论。汉语新闻报道与英语新闻报道在词汇、句法以及篇章这些语言因素上存在着明显的差异。文化差异也随时体现在新闻文本中。这些差异以及新闻报道本身的文体特点,使译者有必要采取不同的翻译策略来处理对外新闻翻译,这不仅要仔细考虑措词、句法安排以及篇章布局这些语言因素,而且应谨慎地处理文化因素。
因此,鉴于新闻(报道)独特的行文语言、文体特点及其翻译的重要性,如何在译入语中实现汉语新闻(报道)的预期效果,满足译入语受众的需求,便取决于翻译过程中翻译策略的运用。根据德国翻译功能派的观点,译文在译语文化应实现的“预期功能”决定翻译策略的选用。因此,新闻翻译便是围绕“功能”或“目的”,基于源语文本而进行的一次解构。
本文以归化异化及德国翻译学派提出的翻译功能理论为指导,以来自国内外新闻媒体的资料作为素材,在分析汉语新闻报道以及英语新闻报道各自特点的基础上,探索如何在汉语新闻文本中提取信息,如何运用最恰当的翻译策略来达到汉语新闻翻译应取得的目的(或,功能),最大限度上有效地实现对外宣传。
Translating Chinese news into English is one of the essential ways of China's international communication. It's more than a mere transference of languages in that it involves the processing of the linguistic and cultural factors in a special way.
Unlike other news styles such as news features or editorials, news story features its own particular structure and diction. The Chinese news stories differ greatly from the English ones in such linguistic elements as lexicon, syntax and text. At the same time, cultural elements can also be found in a text of news story at any time. These differences, along with the special style, make it necessary for a translator to consider not only such linguistic factors as choice of word(s), syntactical arrangement and textual adaptation, but also those cultural factors.
This thesis is concerned with how to fulfill in the target language the intended function of the translated text of news story in the light of functionalism proposed by German Translation Scholar. As illustrated in the thesis, the "intended function" of the target text justifies the adoption of translating strategies. Thus, news story translation is in effect a "deconstruction" grounded on the source text, and the one circumfusing "function" or "purpose".
With an analysis of the scripts from such English media as Los Angeles Times and Newsday, the thesis summarizes the differences of English styles in contrast with the Chinese ones. On the basis of examining and evaluating scripts of English news stories from Chinese media, the thesis illuminates the use of approaches of domesticating translation and foreignizing translation together with other target-oriented skills of adaptation for the purpose of an effective communication.
新闻报道在语言形式与文体特点上不同于其他新闻体裁,如新闻特写与新闻评论。汉语新闻报道与英语新闻报道在词汇、句法以及篇章这些语言因素上存在着明显的差异。文化差异也随时体现在新闻文本中。这些差异以及新闻报道本身的文体特点,使译者有必要采取不同的翻译策略来处理对外新闻翻译,这不仅要仔细考虑措词、句法安排以及篇章布局这些语言因素,而且应谨慎地处理文化因素。
因此,鉴于新闻(报道)独特的行文语言、文体特点及其翻译的重要性,如何在译入语中实现汉语新闻(报道)的预期效果,满足译入语受众的需求,便取决于翻译过程中翻译策略的运用。根据德国翻译功能派的观点,译文在译语文化应实现的“预期功能”决定翻译策略的选用。因此,新闻翻译便是围绕“功能”或“目的”,基于源语文本而进行的一次解构。
本文以归化异化及德国翻译学派提出的翻译功能理论为指导,以来自国内外新闻媒体的资料作为素材,在分析汉语新闻报道以及英语新闻报道各自特点的基础上,探索如何在汉语新闻文本中提取信息,如何运用最恰当的翻译策略来达到汉语新闻翻译应取得的目的(或,功能),最大限度上有效地实现对外宣传。
Translating Chinese news into English is one of the essential ways of China's international communication. It's more than a mere transference of languages in that it involves the processing of the linguistic and cultural factors in a special way.
Unlike other news styles such as news features or editorials, news story features its own particular structure and diction. The Chinese news stories differ greatly from the English ones in such linguistic elements as lexicon, syntax and text. At the same time, cultural elements can also be found in a text of news story at any time. These differences, along with the special style, make it necessary for a translator to consider not only such linguistic factors as choice of word(s), syntactical arrangement and textual adaptation, but also those cultural factors.
This thesis is concerned with how to fulfill in the target language the intended function of the translated text of news story in the light of functionalism proposed by German Translation Scholar. As illustrated in the thesis, the "intended function" of the target text justifies the adoption of translating strategies. Thus, news story translation is in effect a "deconstruction" grounded on the source text, and the one circumfusing "function" or "purpose".
With an analysis of the scripts from such English media as Los Angeles Times and Newsday, the thesis summarizes the differences of English styles in contrast with the Chinese ones. On the basis of examining and evaluating scripts of English news stories from Chinese media, the thesis illuminates the use of approaches of domesticating translation and foreignizing translation together with other target-oriented skills of adaptation for the purpose of an effective communication.
引文
Baker,Mona.2000.In other words:A Coursebook on Translation.Shanghai:Foreign Language and Research Press.
Baker,Mona(1998).2004.Encyclopedia of Translation Studies.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Bassnett,Susan.2004.Translation Studies(3~(rd)edition).Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Fedler,Fred.1989.Reporting For The Print Media.San Diego:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Gentzler,Edwin.2004.Contemporary Translation Theories.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Hatim,Basil.2005.Teaching and Researching Translation.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Mencher,Melvin.1994.News story Reporting and Writing(sixth edition).Win.C.Brown Communications,Inc.
Newmark,Peter.2001.A Textbook of Translation.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Nida,E.A.1993.Language,Culture,and Translating.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Nord,Christiane.2001.Translating as a purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Nord,Christiane.2006.Text Analysis in Translation:Theory,Methodology,and Didactic Application of a Model for Translation-Oriented Text Analysis(second edition).Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Pinkham,Joan & Jiang Guihua.2000.The Translator's Guide to Chinglish.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Shutfleworth,Mark & Cowie,Moira.2004.Dictionary of Translation Studies.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Bo Bi[薄冰],2006,《大学英语语法》,山西:山西教育出版社。
Chen Xiaowei[陈小慰],1998,《语言。功能。翻译-汉英翻译理论与实践》。福建:福建教育出版社。
Chen Xiaowei[陈小慰],2000,翻译功能理论的启示—对某些翻译方法的新思考,《中国翻译》,4:9-12。
Chen Xiaowei[陈小慰],2006,《新编实用翻译教程》。北京:经济科学出版社。
Chen Xin[陈新],1999,《英汉文体翻译教程》,北京:北京大学出版社。
Fang Mengzhi[方梦之],2002,《翻译新论与实践》。青岛:青岛出版社。
Fang Mengzhi[方梦之],2004,《译学辞典》。上海:上海外语教育出版社.
Fang Mengzhi&Mao Zhongming[方梦之,毛忠明],2005,《英汉-汉英应用翻译教程》。上海:上海外语教育出版社。
Ge Gongzhen[戈公振],2003,《中国报学史》。上海:上海古籍出版社。
Geng Hongmin&Wu Jinjill[耿洪敏,吴瑾瑾],2005,[实用英汉翻译]。上海:复旦大学出版。
Hu Zhuanglin[胡壮麟],2001,《语言学教程》。北京:北京大学出版社。
Huang Yong'an[黄永安],1997,《新编大学英语语法》,湖北:华中理工大学出版社。
Li Heqing,Huang Hao&Bo Zhenjie,[李和庆,黄皓,薄振杰],2005,《西方翻译研究方法论:70年代以后》。北京:北京大学出版社。
Liu Hongchao[刘洪潮主编],2005,《怎样做新闻翻译》。北京:中国传媒大学出版社。
Liu Qizhong[刘其中],2004,《新闻翻译教程》。北京:中国人民出版社。
Lu Min(ed.)[卢敏],2005,《英语笔译实务》。北京:外文出版社。
Jia Wenbo[贾文波],2000,《汉英时文翻译—政治经济汉译英300句例》。北京:中国对外翻译出版公司。
Jia Wenbo[贾文波],2004,《应用翻译功能论》。北京:中国对外翻译出版公司。
Sui Rongyi[隋荣谊],2004,《汉英翻译教程:新思维翻译》。北京:中国电力出版社。
Veyenne,B(法);Ding Xueying&Lian Yantang[丁雪英,连燕堂]译,1986,《当代新闻学》。北京:新华出版社。
Wang Chun[王春],2007,汉语文化负载词英译的优化策略,《语言文化研究》,1:44-48.
Wang Lei[王蕾],2003,《新闻英语》。杭州:浙江大学出版社。
Xu Baohuang[徐宝璜],1994,《新闻学》。北京:中国人民大学出版社。
Xu Mingwu[许明武],2003,《新闻英语与翻译》。北京:中国对外翻译出版公司。
Xu Qinggen,etc.[徐青根等],2005,《实用新闻英语读写》。上海:上海外语教育出版社。
Xu Yaokui[徐耀魁],1998,《西方新闻理论评析》。北京:新华出版社。
Zhai Shuyao[翟树耀],2001,《对外宣传报道与英语写作》。厦门:厦门大学出版社。
Zhang Daozhen[张道真],2004,《英语语法》,北京:商务印书馆国际有限公司。
Zhang Jinlan[张锦兰],2004,目的论与翻译方法,《中国科技翻译》,1:35-38。
Zhang Meifang[张美芳],2004,编译的理论与实践—用功能翻译理论分析编译实例,《四川外语学院学报》,3:95-98。
Zhang Meifang[张美芳],2005,《翻译研究中的功能途径》。上海:上海外语教育出版社。
Zhang Quanyi[张全义],2005,《实用新闻英语》。杭州:浙江大学出版社。
Zheng Kuang[郑旷],1987,《当代新闻学》。北京:长征出版社。
《中国百科大辞典》(第二版,卷8),2004。北京:中国大百科全书出版社。
Zhong Weihe&Zhong Yu[仲伟合,钟钰],1999,德国的功能派翻译理论,《中国翻译》,3:47-49。
Zhou Juezhe[周觉知],2006,德国功能翻译理论述评,《求索》,1:193-194
Zhu Chaowei[祝朝伟],2005,《构建与反思—庞德翻译理论研究》。上海:上海译文出版社。http://dictionary.cambridge.org/default.asp?dict=I(剑桥系列网上词典)
http://www.washingtonpost.com/?nav=globetop(华盛顿邮报)
http://www.theatlantic.com/(大西洋)
http://www.latimes.com/(洛杉矶时报)
http://www.chinaview.cn/(新华社英文网站)
http://www.xinhuanct.com/(新华社中文网站)
http://english.people.com.cn/(人民日报英文网站)
http://www.news storyday.com/(News storyday.com)
http://www.bjreview.com.cn/(北京周刊英文网站)
http://www.beijingreview.com.cn/(北京周刊中文网站)
Pearsall,Judy,2001,The New Oxford Dictionary of English,上海:上海外语教育出版社.
Lu Gusun[陆谷孙(主编)],2002,Cobuild English-Chinese Dictionary,上海:上海译文出版社.
Dalgish,Gerald M.(edit 1997,)Random House Webster's Dictionary of American English,2006,北京:北京外语教学与研究出版社.
Wang Guofu[王国富(主编)],1999,Macquafie English-Chinese Bilingual dictionary,江苏:苏州大学出版社.
Wei Dongya[危东亚],1997,《汉英词典》。北京:外语教学与研究出版社。
Baker,Mona(1998).2004.Encyclopedia of Translation Studies.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Bassnett,Susan.2004.Translation Studies(3~(rd)edition).Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Fedler,Fred.1989.Reporting For The Print Media.San Diego:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Gentzler,Edwin.2004.Contemporary Translation Theories.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Hatim,Basil.2005.Teaching and Researching Translation.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Mencher,Melvin.1994.News story Reporting and Writing(sixth edition).Win.C.Brown Communications,Inc.
Newmark,Peter.2001.A Textbook of Translation.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Nida,E.A.1993.Language,Culture,and Translating.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Nord,Christiane.2001.Translating as a purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Nord,Christiane.2006.Text Analysis in Translation:Theory,Methodology,and Didactic Application of a Model for Translation-Oriented Text Analysis(second edition).Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Pinkham,Joan & Jiang Guihua.2000.The Translator's Guide to Chinglish.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Shutfleworth,Mark & Cowie,Moira.2004.Dictionary of Translation Studies.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Bo Bi[薄冰],2006,《大学英语语法》,山西:山西教育出版社。
Chen Xiaowei[陈小慰],1998,《语言。功能。翻译-汉英翻译理论与实践》。福建:福建教育出版社。
Chen Xiaowei[陈小慰],2000,翻译功能理论的启示—对某些翻译方法的新思考,《中国翻译》,4:9-12。
Chen Xiaowei[陈小慰],2006,《新编实用翻译教程》。北京:经济科学出版社。
Chen Xin[陈新],1999,《英汉文体翻译教程》,北京:北京大学出版社。
Fang Mengzhi[方梦之],2002,《翻译新论与实践》。青岛:青岛出版社。
Fang Mengzhi[方梦之],2004,《译学辞典》。上海:上海外语教育出版社.
Fang Mengzhi&Mao Zhongming[方梦之,毛忠明],2005,《英汉-汉英应用翻译教程》。上海:上海外语教育出版社。
Ge Gongzhen[戈公振],2003,《中国报学史》。上海:上海古籍出版社。
Geng Hongmin&Wu Jinjill[耿洪敏,吴瑾瑾],2005,[实用英汉翻译]。上海:复旦大学出版。
Hu Zhuanglin[胡壮麟],2001,《语言学教程》。北京:北京大学出版社。
Huang Yong'an[黄永安],1997,《新编大学英语语法》,湖北:华中理工大学出版社。
Li Heqing,Huang Hao&Bo Zhenjie,[李和庆,黄皓,薄振杰],2005,《西方翻译研究方法论:70年代以后》。北京:北京大学出版社。
Liu Hongchao[刘洪潮主编],2005,《怎样做新闻翻译》。北京:中国传媒大学出版社。
Liu Qizhong[刘其中],2004,《新闻翻译教程》。北京:中国人民出版社。
Lu Min(ed.)[卢敏],2005,《英语笔译实务》。北京:外文出版社。
Jia Wenbo[贾文波],2000,《汉英时文翻译—政治经济汉译英300句例》。北京:中国对外翻译出版公司。
Jia Wenbo[贾文波],2004,《应用翻译功能论》。北京:中国对外翻译出版公司。
Sui Rongyi[隋荣谊],2004,《汉英翻译教程:新思维翻译》。北京:中国电力出版社。
Veyenne,B(法);Ding Xueying&Lian Yantang[丁雪英,连燕堂]译,1986,《当代新闻学》。北京:新华出版社。
Wang Chun[王春],2007,汉语文化负载词英译的优化策略,《语言文化研究》,1:44-48.
Wang Lei[王蕾],2003,《新闻英语》。杭州:浙江大学出版社。
Xu Baohuang[徐宝璜],1994,《新闻学》。北京:中国人民大学出版社。
Xu Mingwu[许明武],2003,《新闻英语与翻译》。北京:中国对外翻译出版公司。
Xu Qinggen,etc.[徐青根等],2005,《实用新闻英语读写》。上海:上海外语教育出版社。
Xu Yaokui[徐耀魁],1998,《西方新闻理论评析》。北京:新华出版社。
Zhai Shuyao[翟树耀],2001,《对外宣传报道与英语写作》。厦门:厦门大学出版社。
Zhang Daozhen[张道真],2004,《英语语法》,北京:商务印书馆国际有限公司。
Zhang Jinlan[张锦兰],2004,目的论与翻译方法,《中国科技翻译》,1:35-38。
Zhang Meifang[张美芳],2004,编译的理论与实践—用功能翻译理论分析编译实例,《四川外语学院学报》,3:95-98。
Zhang Meifang[张美芳],2005,《翻译研究中的功能途径》。上海:上海外语教育出版社。
Zhang Quanyi[张全义],2005,《实用新闻英语》。杭州:浙江大学出版社。
Zheng Kuang[郑旷],1987,《当代新闻学》。北京:长征出版社。
《中国百科大辞典》(第二版,卷8),2004。北京:中国大百科全书出版社。
Zhong Weihe&Zhong Yu[仲伟合,钟钰],1999,德国的功能派翻译理论,《中国翻译》,3:47-49。
Zhou Juezhe[周觉知],2006,德国功能翻译理论述评,《求索》,1:193-194
Zhu Chaowei[祝朝伟],2005,《构建与反思—庞德翻译理论研究》。上海:上海译文出版社。http://dictionary.cambridge.org/default.asp?dict=I(剑桥系列网上词典)
http://www.washingtonpost.com/?nav=globetop(华盛顿邮报)
http://www.theatlantic.com/(大西洋)
http://www.latimes.com/(洛杉矶时报)
http://www.chinaview.cn/(新华社英文网站)
http://www.xinhuanct.com/(新华社中文网站)
http://english.people.com.cn/(人民日报英文网站)
http://www.news storyday.com/(News storyday.com)
http://www.bjreview.com.cn/(北京周刊英文网站)
http://www.beijingreview.com.cn/(北京周刊中文网站)
Pearsall,Judy,2001,The New Oxford Dictionary of English,上海:上海外语教育出版社.
Lu Gusun[陆谷孙(主编)],2002,Cobuild English-Chinese Dictionary,上海:上海译文出版社.
Dalgish,Gerald M.(edit 1997,)Random House Webster's Dictionary of American English,2006,北京:北京外语教学与研究出版社.
Wang Guofu[王国富(主编)],1999,Macquafie English-Chinese Bilingual dictionary,江苏:苏州大学出版社.
Wei Dongya[危东亚],1997,《汉英词典》。北京:外语教学与研究出版社。