直动共轭凸轮及多功能数控磨床头架的设计研究
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摘要
直动共轭凸轮是一种典型的共轭凸轮结构。随着科学技术的发展,各种高速传动机构日益增多,机构的动作频率也越来越高。共轭凸轮,也得到了日益广泛的应用。本文对直动共轭凸轮进行了分析和研究,开发设计了一套直动共轭凸轮的CAD/CAM系统软件。
(1)对直动共轭凸轮进行运动学分析,并基于反转法原理,推导出了直动共轭凸轮的理论轮廓、工作轮廓、刀心轨迹的曲线方程。
(2)利用Visual C++6.0作为系统开发工具,开发设计出了直动共轭凸轮的CAD/CAM系统软件。实现了对直动共轭凸轮各轮廓曲线的设计和刀心轨迹的计算,并且可以自动生成数控加工代码文件,实现在数控机床上的加工与仿真。
(3)采用SolidWorks三维设计软件对直动共轭凸轮机构进行三维实体建模和运动仿真,在运动仿真过程中观察滚子与凸轮的接触情况并分析滚子的运动特性,从而验证了程序设计的正确性。
本文还设计研究了对M120W万能外圆磨床头架部分的结构改进,从而设计一个多功能数控磨床头架装置。
(1)主要致力于对原M120W万能外圆磨床的传动系统的改进。改进后的头架装置通用性强,改变了我们现有的数控机床头架加工范围狭窄的现状,实现了对单片凸轮,凸轮,凸轮轴,曲轴等的加工。
(2)运用SolidWorks三维设计软件对多功能数控磨床头架装置进行实体建模和装配仿真,从而模拟出多功能数控磨床头架装置在实际工作中的主轴运转情况。
The translation conjugate cam is one of the typical conjugate cams. With the development of science and technology, all kind of automatic mechanism with high speed are on the increase, the mechanism’s action frequency becomes higher and higher. So conjugate cam is used widely. This paper discusses the indexing mechanism, and develops CAD/CAM system of the translation conjugate cam.
(1)This paper analyzes the translation conjugate cam according to its kinematics theory, basing on the reverse theory of the cam, I deduce accurate theoretically contour equation, working contour equation, and tool center track. At the same time.
(2)This paper adopts the soft tool of VC++6.0, and develops CAD/CAM system of the translation conjugate cam, which can achieves the cam’s contour designing ,tool center track calculating. With the CAD/CAM system, it can also output the NC machine code.
(3)This paper adopts SolidWorks soft to establish the three-dimensional model and finishes the motion simulation. In the process of motion emulation.By observing the moving complexion of the translation conjugate cam, it analyses rollers kinetic characteristic. By all above content, it verified the correctness of the program ultimately.
This paper also studied how to improve the structure of the headstock of the grinder of M120W, and designd the multifunctional headstock of numerical control grinder
(1)The structure which is being improved is the drive system of the headstock of the grinder of M120W. After improved the lathe-hedd has the following virtue:widely used,using for numerical control machine tool, be used to produce single cam ,camshaft, bend axis and so on.
(2)This paper adoptd SolidWorks soft to establish the three-dimensional model and finished the motion simulation. Accordingly we can simulate the running circs of the principal axis which is in the improved lathe-hedd of grinder during its fact runing.
(1)对直动共轭凸轮进行运动学分析,并基于反转法原理,推导出了直动共轭凸轮的理论轮廓、工作轮廓、刀心轨迹的曲线方程。
(2)利用Visual C++6.0作为系统开发工具,开发设计出了直动共轭凸轮的CAD/CAM系统软件。实现了对直动共轭凸轮各轮廓曲线的设计和刀心轨迹的计算,并且可以自动生成数控加工代码文件,实现在数控机床上的加工与仿真。
(3)采用SolidWorks三维设计软件对直动共轭凸轮机构进行三维实体建模和运动仿真,在运动仿真过程中观察滚子与凸轮的接触情况并分析滚子的运动特性,从而验证了程序设计的正确性。
本文还设计研究了对M120W万能外圆磨床头架部分的结构改进,从而设计一个多功能数控磨床头架装置。
(1)主要致力于对原M120W万能外圆磨床的传动系统的改进。改进后的头架装置通用性强,改变了我们现有的数控机床头架加工范围狭窄的现状,实现了对单片凸轮,凸轮,凸轮轴,曲轴等的加工。
(2)运用SolidWorks三维设计软件对多功能数控磨床头架装置进行实体建模和装配仿真,从而模拟出多功能数控磨床头架装置在实际工作中的主轴运转情况。
The translation conjugate cam is one of the typical conjugate cams. With the development of science and technology, all kind of automatic mechanism with high speed are on the increase, the mechanism’s action frequency becomes higher and higher. So conjugate cam is used widely. This paper discusses the indexing mechanism, and develops CAD/CAM system of the translation conjugate cam.
(1)This paper analyzes the translation conjugate cam according to its kinematics theory, basing on the reverse theory of the cam, I deduce accurate theoretically contour equation, working contour equation, and tool center track. At the same time.
(2)This paper adopts the soft tool of VC++6.0, and develops CAD/CAM system of the translation conjugate cam, which can achieves the cam’s contour designing ,tool center track calculating. With the CAD/CAM system, it can also output the NC machine code.
(3)This paper adopts SolidWorks soft to establish the three-dimensional model and finishes the motion simulation. In the process of motion emulation.By observing the moving complexion of the translation conjugate cam, it analyses rollers kinetic characteristic. By all above content, it verified the correctness of the program ultimately.
This paper also studied how to improve the structure of the headstock of the grinder of M120W, and designd the multifunctional headstock of numerical control grinder
(1)The structure which is being improved is the drive system of the headstock of the grinder of M120W. After improved the lathe-hedd has the following virtue:widely used,using for numerical control machine tool, be used to produce single cam ,camshaft, bend axis and so on.
(2)This paper adoptd SolidWorks soft to establish the three-dimensional model and finished the motion simulation. Accordingly we can simulate the running circs of the principal axis which is in the improved lathe-hedd of grinder during its fact runing.
引文
1邹慧君,董师予.凸轮机械的现代设计.上海:交通大学出版社,1991:1
2赵韩,丁爵曾,梁锦华.凸轮机构设计.北京:高等教育出版社,1993:4
3彭国勋,肖正样.自动机械的凸轮结构设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1990:10
4尚汗冀.内燃机配气凸轮机构的设计与计算.上海:复旦大学出版社,1988:95-162
5石永刚,徐振华.凸轮机构设计.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1995:56-63
6葛正浩,冯涛,彭国勋.可以任意增加局部控制条件的凸轮机构通用多项式运动规律.机械科学与技术,1998,17(6):986-987
7 K. Yoon, S. Rao. Cam motion synthesis using cubic splines. Trans.AS ME,J.Of Mech.Des,1993,115(9)
8葛正浩,杨芙莲,彭国勋,等.凸轮机构运动学研究综述.机械设计,2001,(3):4-5
9申永胜.机械原理基础教程.北京:清华大学出版社,1999:80-107
10孙恒,傅则绍.机械原理.北京:高等教育出版社,1989:338-367
11高慧琴,谢江,郑文林,等.基于图解法的凸轮廓线CAD设计.河北工业科技,2004(1):14-15
12曹晓明,张云飞.AutoCAD在图解法中的应用.机械设计与研究,2003,(5):19-21
13叶仲和.用瞬心法求滚子摆动从动件圆柱凸轮机构压力角和最小平均圆柱半径.机械科学与技术,1996,(2):191-194
14吴炎辉,李刚炎,杨明忠,等.凸轮轮廓设计的速度瞬心法.机械科学与技术,1998,(3):397-398
15 Shin J H, Lee C M, Kim J S. Shape design of disk cam mechanisms using instant velocity centers. In: Proceedings of 6th international Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics of Rotating Machinery, 1996:178-186
16 Fan Y Chen. Mechanics and Design of Cam Mechanisms. New York. Pergamon Press Inc,1992
17 D. Tsay, M. Wei. A general approach to determination of planar and spatial cam profiles. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, 1996, 118(1):259-265
18何有钧,邹慧君,郭为忠,等.圆柱滚子从动件凸轮廓面的等距曲面设计方法.上海交通大学学报,2000, (10):1336-1337
19王华,徐致让,包家汉,等.确定盘形凸轮曲率半径的相对加速度法及其应用.安徽工业大学学报,2003,20 (4):303-307
20张玉华,辛重镐.设计平面凸轮轮廓的新方法.机械工程学报,2004,(1):33-374
21冯志华,胡海岩.高速机构动力学研究进展.力学进展,2002, (2): 196-204
22唐少雄,马力,杨代华,等.内燃机凸轮机构摩擦学仿真设计建模研究.内燃机工程, 2002. (6)
23孙均强.滚子直动盘形凸轮的优化设计.上海铁道大学学报,1998, (6) : 63-66
24李玉昆.智能化数控凸轮磨床研究.[燕山大学工程硕士学位论文].2005:1-2
25马尔金(Malkin,S.).磨削技术理论与应用.沈阳:东北大学出版社,2002:1
26李伯民,赵波.现代磨削技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:2
27 H.K.Tonshoff,B.Karpuschewski,etl..Grinding Process Achievements and their Consequences on Machine Tools Challenges and Opportunities Annals of CIRP ,1998,47(2):651-665
28颜夏华.壁板铣床数控系统软件开发.[大连理工大学工学硕士学位论文]. 2000:2-3
29管荣法,汤从心.凸轮与凸轮机构基础.国防工业出版社.,1985:5
30管荣法.凸轮与凸轮机构.国防工业出版社.,1993:16-17
31王正岩.平面凸轮加工理论.[燕山大学工程硕士学位论文].2002:9-23
32张凯.vc++程序设计.大连:大连理工大学出版社.2002:9-11
33岳荣刚,宋凌郡.Solidworks 2006零件与装配设计教程.北京:冶金工业出版社,2006:30-85
34王育坚.Visual C++面向对象编程教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:60-120
35尹立民,王兴东.Visual C++6.0应用编程150例.北京:电子工业出版社,2004:35-40
36钱新贤.Visual C++编程疑难详解.北京:人民邮电出版社,2000:200-230
37 Max. Antonio, Angeles, Jorge. On the design of planar and spherical pure-rolling indexing cam mechanisms. American Society of Mechanical Engineers,1992:323-328
38 Black. Ted.New indexing cam mechanisms. Product Engineering,1979:55-56
39 M.Nishioka, T.Nishimura. Synthesis of the internal parallel cam mechanism.Proceeding of Mechanical Engineers, 1998:577-585
40 Fiqliolini, Giorqio, Rea.Pierluiqi, Anqeles.Jorqe. The pure-rolling cam-equivalent of the Geneva mechanism. Mechanism and Machine Theory,2006:1320-1335
41 J.Angeles, M.A.Gonzalez-Palacios.Design of novel mechanical transmission for speed reduction .Journal of Mechanical Design,1999:538-543
42胡占齐,杨莉.机床数控技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2002:64-95
43茅键,吉晓民.具有复杂廓线共轭凸轮机构的CAD/CAM.机械研究与应用,2002:5-16
44茅键,吉晓民.等距曲线坐标求解的简便方法及其在CAD中的应用.微型电脑应用,2001,(2)2-5
45 Du. Juan, Tian. Xitian, Zhang. Zhenming. Integrated CAD/CAM/CNC system based on STEP-NC and intelligent manufacturing. The International Society for Optical Engineering,2005:20-35
46 L-IWu.Calculating conjugate cam profilesby vector equation[J].Proc.Instrn Mech Engrs Vo1.217 PartC:J.Mechanical Engineering Science,2003,217:1117—1123
47上海机床厂“七·二一”人大学.磨床设计制造(上册).上海:上海人民出版社,1972: 98-197
48龚朴.磨床头架的结构分析及优化设计.[武汉理工大学工程硕士学位论文].2007:11-19
49 Keith M. Gardiner, An Integrated Design Strategy for Future Manufacturing Systems,Journalof Manufacturing, 1996, 15(1):52-61
50 B.Kadar, L.Monostori, E.Szelke. An object-oriented framework for developing distributed manufacturing architectures. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1998, 9: 173-179
51 Ye.Hongwu,Chen.Xiaoping,Hu. Rufu. Research on structure dynamic optimization design of NC grinder. Institution of Engineering and Technology, Stevenage, SG1 2AY, United Kingdom, 2006: 1693-1698
52 Wu.YH,Zhang.L.X,Zhang.K,Li.S.H, Design on high-speed precision grinder, Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Zurich-Ueticon, CH-8707, Switzerland,2006: 492-496
53 Orynki.F,Pawlowski.W, The mathematical description of dynamics of the cylindrical grinder, Elsevier Science Ltd,2002: 773-780
54 Orynsk,Franciszek,Pawlowski, WitoldInfluence of grinding process on forced vibration damping in headstock of grinding wheel of cylindrical grinder, Elsevier Sci Ltd, Exeter, Engl,1999: 229-235
55 Zhao.Jian,Wang.Taiyong; Li. Haihong,Li.Zhitan,Study on the dynamic characteristic of lathe headstock, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China,2006: 946-950
56 Chen.Ting-Yu,Wei.Wei-Jiunn,Tsai,Jhy-Cherng,Optimum design of headstocks of precision lathes, Elsevier Science Ltd, Exeter, Engl,1999: 1961-1977
57何煜琛,陈涉,陆利锋.SolidWorks2005基础及应用教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2005:1-3
58张锁怀,李忆平,党新安.SolidWorks零件设计实例详解.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004:1
59夏燕,郑风,李光耀.SolidWorks装配和二维工程图.北京:清华大学出版社,2002:1
60曹岩,赵汝嘉.SolidWorks2003基础篇.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:146
2赵韩,丁爵曾,梁锦华.凸轮机构设计.北京:高等教育出版社,1993:4
3彭国勋,肖正样.自动机械的凸轮结构设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1990:10
4尚汗冀.内燃机配气凸轮机构的设计与计算.上海:复旦大学出版社,1988:95-162
5石永刚,徐振华.凸轮机构设计.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1995:56-63
6葛正浩,冯涛,彭国勋.可以任意增加局部控制条件的凸轮机构通用多项式运动规律.机械科学与技术,1998,17(6):986-987
7 K. Yoon, S. Rao. Cam motion synthesis using cubic splines. Trans.AS ME,J.Of Mech.Des,1993,115(9)
8葛正浩,杨芙莲,彭国勋,等.凸轮机构运动学研究综述.机械设计,2001,(3):4-5
9申永胜.机械原理基础教程.北京:清华大学出版社,1999:80-107
10孙恒,傅则绍.机械原理.北京:高等教育出版社,1989:338-367
11高慧琴,谢江,郑文林,等.基于图解法的凸轮廓线CAD设计.河北工业科技,2004(1):14-15
12曹晓明,张云飞.AutoCAD在图解法中的应用.机械设计与研究,2003,(5):19-21
13叶仲和.用瞬心法求滚子摆动从动件圆柱凸轮机构压力角和最小平均圆柱半径.机械科学与技术,1996,(2):191-194
14吴炎辉,李刚炎,杨明忠,等.凸轮轮廓设计的速度瞬心法.机械科学与技术,1998,(3):397-398
15 Shin J H, Lee C M, Kim J S. Shape design of disk cam mechanisms using instant velocity centers. In: Proceedings of 6th international Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics of Rotating Machinery, 1996:178-186
16 Fan Y Chen. Mechanics and Design of Cam Mechanisms. New York. Pergamon Press Inc,1992
17 D. Tsay, M. Wei. A general approach to determination of planar and spatial cam profiles. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, 1996, 118(1):259-265
18何有钧,邹慧君,郭为忠,等.圆柱滚子从动件凸轮廓面的等距曲面设计方法.上海交通大学学报,2000, (10):1336-1337
19王华,徐致让,包家汉,等.确定盘形凸轮曲率半径的相对加速度法及其应用.安徽工业大学学报,2003,20 (4):303-307
20张玉华,辛重镐.设计平面凸轮轮廓的新方法.机械工程学报,2004,(1):33-374
21冯志华,胡海岩.高速机构动力学研究进展.力学进展,2002, (2): 196-204
22唐少雄,马力,杨代华,等.内燃机凸轮机构摩擦学仿真设计建模研究.内燃机工程, 2002. (6)
23孙均强.滚子直动盘形凸轮的优化设计.上海铁道大学学报,1998, (6) : 63-66
24李玉昆.智能化数控凸轮磨床研究.[燕山大学工程硕士学位论文].2005:1-2
25马尔金(Malkin,S.).磨削技术理论与应用.沈阳:东北大学出版社,2002:1
26李伯民,赵波.现代磨削技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:2
27 H.K.Tonshoff,B.Karpuschewski,etl..Grinding Process Achievements and their Consequences on Machine Tools Challenges and Opportunities Annals of CIRP ,1998,47(2):651-665
28颜夏华.壁板铣床数控系统软件开发.[大连理工大学工学硕士学位论文]. 2000:2-3
29管荣法,汤从心.凸轮与凸轮机构基础.国防工业出版社.,1985:5
30管荣法.凸轮与凸轮机构.国防工业出版社.,1993:16-17
31王正岩.平面凸轮加工理论.[燕山大学工程硕士学位论文].2002:9-23
32张凯.vc++程序设计.大连:大连理工大学出版社.2002:9-11
33岳荣刚,宋凌郡.Solidworks 2006零件与装配设计教程.北京:冶金工业出版社,2006:30-85
34王育坚.Visual C++面向对象编程教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:60-120
35尹立民,王兴东.Visual C++6.0应用编程150例.北京:电子工业出版社,2004:35-40
36钱新贤.Visual C++编程疑难详解.北京:人民邮电出版社,2000:200-230
37 Max. Antonio, Angeles, Jorge. On the design of planar and spherical pure-rolling indexing cam mechanisms. American Society of Mechanical Engineers,1992:323-328
38 Black. Ted.New indexing cam mechanisms. Product Engineering,1979:55-56
39 M.Nishioka, T.Nishimura. Synthesis of the internal parallel cam mechanism.Proceeding of Mechanical Engineers, 1998:577-585
40 Fiqliolini, Giorqio, Rea.Pierluiqi, Anqeles.Jorqe. The pure-rolling cam-equivalent of the Geneva mechanism. Mechanism and Machine Theory,2006:1320-1335
41 J.Angeles, M.A.Gonzalez-Palacios.Design of novel mechanical transmission for speed reduction .Journal of Mechanical Design,1999:538-543
42胡占齐,杨莉.机床数控技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2002:64-95
43茅键,吉晓民.具有复杂廓线共轭凸轮机构的CAD/CAM.机械研究与应用,2002:5-16
44茅键,吉晓民.等距曲线坐标求解的简便方法及其在CAD中的应用.微型电脑应用,2001,(2)2-5
45 Du. Juan, Tian. Xitian, Zhang. Zhenming. Integrated CAD/CAM/CNC system based on STEP-NC and intelligent manufacturing. The International Society for Optical Engineering,2005:20-35
46 L-IWu.Calculating conjugate cam profilesby vector equation[J].Proc.Instrn Mech Engrs Vo1.217 PartC:J.Mechanical Engineering Science,2003,217:1117—1123
47上海机床厂“七·二一”人大学.磨床设计制造(上册).上海:上海人民出版社,1972: 98-197
48龚朴.磨床头架的结构分析及优化设计.[武汉理工大学工程硕士学位论文].2007:11-19
49 Keith M. Gardiner, An Integrated Design Strategy for Future Manufacturing Systems,Journalof Manufacturing, 1996, 15(1):52-61
50 B.Kadar, L.Monostori, E.Szelke. An object-oriented framework for developing distributed manufacturing architectures. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1998, 9: 173-179
51 Ye.Hongwu,Chen.Xiaoping,Hu. Rufu. Research on structure dynamic optimization design of NC grinder. Institution of Engineering and Technology, Stevenage, SG1 2AY, United Kingdom, 2006: 1693-1698
52 Wu.YH,Zhang.L.X,Zhang.K,Li.S.H, Design on high-speed precision grinder, Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Zurich-Ueticon, CH-8707, Switzerland,2006: 492-496
53 Orynki.F,Pawlowski.W, The mathematical description of dynamics of the cylindrical grinder, Elsevier Science Ltd,2002: 773-780
54 Orynsk,Franciszek,Pawlowski, WitoldInfluence of grinding process on forced vibration damping in headstock of grinding wheel of cylindrical grinder, Elsevier Sci Ltd, Exeter, Engl,1999: 229-235
55 Zhao.Jian,Wang.Taiyong; Li. Haihong,Li.Zhitan,Study on the dynamic characteristic of lathe headstock, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China,2006: 946-950
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