小麦高压处理的生物学效应
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摘要
为了分析高压处理对小麦生理活性造成的影响。按照筋力不同选取不同品种小麦,经高压处理后采用扫描电子显微镜分析其淀粉和蛋白质的显微结构。建立压力-时间模型对小麦种子进行处理并通过发芽实验验证高压对小麦种子发芽能力的影响,在此基础上获得小麦的高压处理参数。以获得的高压参数处理小麦种,采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法测定其发芽期间的淀粉酶活力,愈创木酚法测定过氧化物酶活力并进行过氧化物同工酶电泳,高锰酸钾滴定法测定过氧氢酶活力。采用电导率法测定压力-时间模型下不同品种小麦种子的细胞膜相对透性,寻找高压处理小麦种发芽率与细胞膜相对透性的线性关系,采用连续升温电导法测定小麦的拐点温度并评估高压处理小麦种的抗逆性。高压处理对小麦种子淀粉和蛋白质显微结构和生理活性的影响是明显的,能够造成结构和生理活性的改变。通过实验得到以下结论:
(1)高压处理能够破坏小麦胚乳中的面筋蛋白网状结构,使蛋白质组织化加强,能够分离出镶嵌和包裹在蛋白质内的淀粉颗粒,使散落的淀粉颗粒增多,蛋白质形成孔隙结构。能够破碎大淀粉颗粒。未被破碎的淀粉粒则被压缩,其长短轴长度缩减,体积变小。
(2)压力-时间模型对不同品种小麦发芽势与发芽率的影响均显著,压力导致小麦发芽能力丧失,压力越高,发芽势与发芽率越低。能够发芽的种子在发芽初期与对照相比长势偏弱。
(3)经高压处理过的小麦种,在发芽初期1-3天淀粉酶活力低于对照,第4-6天开始升高至与对照组持平甚至超出。高压处理后小麦过氧化物酶活力与对照相比升高,干旱胁迫后,高压处理的小麦幼苗过氧化物酶活力高于对照。高压处理对小麦过氧化氢酶活力无明显影响。
(4)细胞膜相对透性测定表明,高压处理过的小麦种子细胞膜被破坏,透性增大,压力-时间模型对不同品种小麦的细胞膜相对透性影响均极显著,体现为压力越大,细胞膜相对透性越大。细胞膜相对透性与小麦的发芽率呈负相关。
(5)连续升温电导法对小麦的抗旱性评估表明,经高压处理过的小麦种子,其拐点温度与对照相比没有变化,证明高压处理没有对小麦的抗旱性造成明显影响。
The research aim to find out and analysis the wheat’s physiological activities after high pressure(HP)treatment. Select different varieties of wheat according to different gluten strength, analysis the wheat’protein and starchs micro-structure in using SEM. Build a Pressure-Time model to treat wheat seeds and test the germinating ability through germination experiment. On this basis, get the HP treatment parameters. And then test the amylase activities in using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetry, test the peroxidase activity in using guaiacol method and peroxidase isozyme electrophoresis, test the catalase activity in using permanganate titration and test the wheat seed’s membrane permeability under Pressure-Time model in using conductivity method and evaluate the wheat’s stress resistance, try to find the liner relationship of wheat’s germination rate and membrane permeability. The wheat’s physiological activities and protein and starch’s micro-structure was obviously changed by high pressure treatment. We get conclusions as follows.
(1) HP treatment can destroy the protein’s reticular formation which in the endosperm and can also strength the systematization of protein. HP treatment can separate the starch grain which encapsulated in protein and make the amount of free starch grains increase.The protein present pore structure. Big starch grains can be crushed and volume reduced by HP treatment, the starch grains long and minor axis were shorten by HP treatment in varying degrees.
(2) The Pressure-time model was significant to different varieties of wheat’s germination power and germination rate, the pressure leading to the loss of the ability of wheat germination, the higher the pressure, the germination energy and germination rate is lower. The wheat seeds which can also germinate after HP treatment shows a weak growth vigor compare with CG.
(3) The amylase activity of wheat which treated by HP is lower than CG on the first 1-3 days and began to increase to flat or even beyond on the follow 4-6 days. Peroxidase activity of HP treated wheat was increased compared with CG, after drought stress, Peroxidase activity of HP treated wheat also higher than CG. The effect of HP treatment on wheat catalase activity was not obvious.
(4) Cell membrane permeability tests showed that HP treated wheat seed cell membrane is damaged, the permeability increased. The Pressure-time model on the different varieties of wheat cell membrane permeability were all highly significant, reflecting the higher the pressure, the greater the membrane permeability. Membrane permeability and germination rate of wheat was negatively correlated.
(5) Continuous heating conductivity in testing the wheat’s drought resistance show that, after high pressure treated wheat seeds, the inflection point temperature was no change compared with CG, that means HP treatment did not cause the drought resistance of wheat significantly affected.
(1)高压处理能够破坏小麦胚乳中的面筋蛋白网状结构,使蛋白质组织化加强,能够分离出镶嵌和包裹在蛋白质内的淀粉颗粒,使散落的淀粉颗粒增多,蛋白质形成孔隙结构。能够破碎大淀粉颗粒。未被破碎的淀粉粒则被压缩,其长短轴长度缩减,体积变小。
(2)压力-时间模型对不同品种小麦发芽势与发芽率的影响均显著,压力导致小麦发芽能力丧失,压力越高,发芽势与发芽率越低。能够发芽的种子在发芽初期与对照相比长势偏弱。
(3)经高压处理过的小麦种,在发芽初期1-3天淀粉酶活力低于对照,第4-6天开始升高至与对照组持平甚至超出。高压处理后小麦过氧化物酶活力与对照相比升高,干旱胁迫后,高压处理的小麦幼苗过氧化物酶活力高于对照。高压处理对小麦过氧化氢酶活力无明显影响。
(4)细胞膜相对透性测定表明,高压处理过的小麦种子细胞膜被破坏,透性增大,压力-时间模型对不同品种小麦的细胞膜相对透性影响均极显著,体现为压力越大,细胞膜相对透性越大。细胞膜相对透性与小麦的发芽率呈负相关。
(5)连续升温电导法对小麦的抗旱性评估表明,经高压处理过的小麦种子,其拐点温度与对照相比没有变化,证明高压处理没有对小麦的抗旱性造成明显影响。
The research aim to find out and analysis the wheat’s physiological activities after high pressure(HP)treatment. Select different varieties of wheat according to different gluten strength, analysis the wheat’protein and starchs micro-structure in using SEM. Build a Pressure-Time model to treat wheat seeds and test the germinating ability through germination experiment. On this basis, get the HP treatment parameters. And then test the amylase activities in using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetry, test the peroxidase activity in using guaiacol method and peroxidase isozyme electrophoresis, test the catalase activity in using permanganate titration and test the wheat seed’s membrane permeability under Pressure-Time model in using conductivity method and evaluate the wheat’s stress resistance, try to find the liner relationship of wheat’s germination rate and membrane permeability. The wheat’s physiological activities and protein and starch’s micro-structure was obviously changed by high pressure treatment. We get conclusions as follows.
(1) HP treatment can destroy the protein’s reticular formation which in the endosperm and can also strength the systematization of protein. HP treatment can separate the starch grain which encapsulated in protein and make the amount of free starch grains increase.The protein present pore structure. Big starch grains can be crushed and volume reduced by HP treatment, the starch grains long and minor axis were shorten by HP treatment in varying degrees.
(2) The Pressure-time model was significant to different varieties of wheat’s germination power and germination rate, the pressure leading to the loss of the ability of wheat germination, the higher the pressure, the germination energy and germination rate is lower. The wheat seeds which can also germinate after HP treatment shows a weak growth vigor compare with CG.
(3) The amylase activity of wheat which treated by HP is lower than CG on the first 1-3 days and began to increase to flat or even beyond on the follow 4-6 days. Peroxidase activity of HP treated wheat was increased compared with CG, after drought stress, Peroxidase activity of HP treated wheat also higher than CG. The effect of HP treatment on wheat catalase activity was not obvious.
(4) Cell membrane permeability tests showed that HP treated wheat seed cell membrane is damaged, the permeability increased. The Pressure-time model on the different varieties of wheat cell membrane permeability were all highly significant, reflecting the higher the pressure, the greater the membrane permeability. Membrane permeability and germination rate of wheat was negatively correlated.
(5) Continuous heating conductivity in testing the wheat’s drought resistance show that, after high pressure treated wheat seeds, the inflection point temperature was no change compared with CG, that means HP treatment did not cause the drought resistance of wheat significantly affected.
引文
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