蓄电池短距离无线数据采集系统研究与设计
摘要
随着电子科技的发展,各种电子设备和装置对蓄电池供电的需求不断增加；蓄电池在通讯、汽车、发电厂、自动控制等各个领域得到广泛的应用。然而蓄电池在生产化成过程控制、存储、应用过程中长期处于无人检测的状态,常常引起蓄电池过充电或过放电的现象,从而缩短蓄电池使用寿命,此外由于单体电池的故障会引起电池组的使用效率下降,因此研究与设计高效的电池管理系统显得十分有必要。
蓄电池生产、存储和使用过程中,一般采用定期测试方法来监视电池性能的变化情况,往往采用传统的有线联结进行检测。对于多电池构成的电池组,由于有线网络线路复杂,容易发生故障,维护扩展难度较大,因此,本文考虑采用具有低成本、低功耗、传输稳定、安全性高的ZigBee无线传感器网络,组成蓄电池无线监控系统。
本论文首先对蓄电池进行了简要介绍,分析了影响蓄电池性能的主要技术参数,明确了本论文蓄电池要监控参数。接下来了解了无线传感器网络以及特点并分析、比较了几种常见的短距离无线通信技术。从网络体系结构、拓扑结构、特点以及协议规范四个方面详细研究了ZigBee技术。
本文重点从硬件和软件两个方面对系统进行了研究与设计。硬件部分,首先对蓄电池检测节点提出两种方案,并最终确定选择采用电源管理芯片以及合适的无线通信模块来实现蓄电池组的电池管理。同时还介绍了电源芯片OZ89X系列和无线传输模块CC2430,接着详细设计了系统各部分电路,包括信号采集模块、均衡控制电路、无线传输模块、中央收发器、电源电路以及串行接口电路。软件部分主要对无线传输模块通用I／O口进行I2C模拟通信以及整个网络的组网设计,另外还包括蓄电池检测节点和中央收发器节点的软件设计以及上位机监控软件设计。最后还搭建了一套蓄电池数据采集调试系统,本系统基本完成了课题的目标,实现了蓄电池单体电压、蓄电池组总电压、蓄电池电流和蓄电池温度数据的监控。
With the development of electronic technology, the demand of storage battery is increasing in various kinds of electronic equipments and devices; batteries are used more and more in the fields of communication, automobile, power station, automation etc. However, in the production, storage, and application process, batteries are often overcharged and over discharged, which will shorten the battery's service life. And the breakdown of single cell can reduce the efficiency of battery pack. So it is extremely necessary to research and design a highly efficient battery management system to ensure the battery system's reliable and stable operation.
During the process of battery production, storage and use, the workers often adopt a wire network to constitute a monitoring system for battery management, which will result in faults for its complex circuits, and increase the difficulty in the expansion of maintenance. Therefore, this dissertation presents the design of a battery management system based on ZigBee wireless network with the low cost, low power, stable transmission and high security.
The dissertation first briefly introduces the storage battery, and analyzes main technical parameters which influence the performance of battery, and determine which parameter monitored in this dissertation. Then the structure, features of wireless sensor networks and several common short-range wireless communication technologies are presented. At last, network architecture, topology, characteristics, and protocol specification of ZigBee technology are analyzed in detail.
The design method of hardware and software of the battery management system is described in detail. In hardware design, two schemes of sensor nodes are firstly proposed, but the dissertation adopts the battery management with power management chip and suitable wireless communication module. Then the power chip OZ89X and wireless transmission module CC2430 are described. The hardware designing contains signal sample module, balanced circuit, wireless transmission module, the central transceiver, power module and serial interface circuit. The software designing contains the design of I2C simulating and network, also including the software design of sensor node, central transceiver node and PC monitoring. Then a battery wireless data acquisition system is set up at the end of the dissertation. The system can monitor the single battery voltage, the total voltage, current and temperature of the battery.
蓄电池生产、存储和使用过程中,一般采用定期测试方法来监视电池性能的变化情况,往往采用传统的有线联结进行检测。对于多电池构成的电池组,由于有线网络线路复杂,容易发生故障,维护扩展难度较大,因此,本文考虑采用具有低成本、低功耗、传输稳定、安全性高的ZigBee无线传感器网络,组成蓄电池无线监控系统。
本论文首先对蓄电池进行了简要介绍,分析了影响蓄电池性能的主要技术参数,明确了本论文蓄电池要监控参数。接下来了解了无线传感器网络以及特点并分析、比较了几种常见的短距离无线通信技术。从网络体系结构、拓扑结构、特点以及协议规范四个方面详细研究了ZigBee技术。
本文重点从硬件和软件两个方面对系统进行了研究与设计。硬件部分,首先对蓄电池检测节点提出两种方案,并最终确定选择采用电源管理芯片以及合适的无线通信模块来实现蓄电池组的电池管理。同时还介绍了电源芯片OZ89X系列和无线传输模块CC2430,接着详细设计了系统各部分电路,包括信号采集模块、均衡控制电路、无线传输模块、中央收发器、电源电路以及串行接口电路。软件部分主要对无线传输模块通用I／O口进行I2C模拟通信以及整个网络的组网设计,另外还包括蓄电池检测节点和中央收发器节点的软件设计以及上位机监控软件设计。最后还搭建了一套蓄电池数据采集调试系统,本系统基本完成了课题的目标,实现了蓄电池单体电压、蓄电池组总电压、蓄电池电流和蓄电池温度数据的监控。
With the development of electronic technology, the demand of storage battery is increasing in various kinds of electronic equipments and devices; batteries are used more and more in the fields of communication, automobile, power station, automation etc. However, in the production, storage, and application process, batteries are often overcharged and over discharged, which will shorten the battery's service life. And the breakdown of single cell can reduce the efficiency of battery pack. So it is extremely necessary to research and design a highly efficient battery management system to ensure the battery system's reliable and stable operation.
During the process of battery production, storage and use, the workers often adopt a wire network to constitute a monitoring system for battery management, which will result in faults for its complex circuits, and increase the difficulty in the expansion of maintenance. Therefore, this dissertation presents the design of a battery management system based on ZigBee wireless network with the low cost, low power, stable transmission and high security.
The dissertation first briefly introduces the storage battery, and analyzes main technical parameters which influence the performance of battery, and determine which parameter monitored in this dissertation. Then the structure, features of wireless sensor networks and several common short-range wireless communication technologies are presented. At last, network architecture, topology, characteristics, and protocol specification of ZigBee technology are analyzed in detail.
The design method of hardware and software of the battery management system is described in detail. In hardware design, two schemes of sensor nodes are firstly proposed, but the dissertation adopts the battery management with power management chip and suitable wireless communication module. Then the power chip OZ89X and wireless transmission module CC2430 are described. The hardware designing contains signal sample module, balanced circuit, wireless transmission module, the central transceiver, power module and serial interface circuit. The software designing contains the design of I2C simulating and network, also including the software design of sensor node, central transceiver node and PC monitoring. Then a battery wireless data acquisition system is set up at the end of the dissertation. The system can monitor the single battery voltage, the total voltage, current and temperature of the battery.
引文
[1]王德志.蓄电池原理及使用[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1989：
[2]徐曼珍.阀控式密封蓄电池及其在通信中的应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,1997：
[3]孙频东.串联蓄电池均衡充电系统[J].南京师范大学学报,2006,6(1)：12-16
[4]KONG Lingyi, LIAO Liying, ZHANG Haiwu, ZHAO Jiawan. Application of battery energy storage system in power system[J]. Electrical switches,2008(5):61-63
[5]WANG Guang liang. Classification and characteristic of electrical energy storage technology [J]. Journal of Jiangxi Vocational and Technical College of Electricity,2008,21(3):1-3
[6]张晓冬.国内外蓄电池监测系统的现状及发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2002,3(15)：23-24
[7]Hsieh Y C,Moo C S,Tsai I S.Balance charging circuit for charge equalization[C]. Power Conversion Conference,2002,3:1138-1143
[8]杜晓明,陈岩.无线传感器网络研究现状与应用[J].北京工商大学学报,2008,26(1)：41-44
[9]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,朱红松.无线传感器网络[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005：4-6
[10]李建中,高宏.无线传感器网络的研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2008,45(1)：1-15
[11]胡信国.通信用蓄电池[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008：
[12]周杰.蓄电池参数无线采集系统的开发.[D].大连：大连理工大学,2008：
[13]Kim , Myungsoo, HWang, Euijin. Monitoring the battery status of photovoltaic systems[J] Journal of power sources,1997(1):193-196
[14]Park, Hong-Sun,Kim, Chol-Ho; Moon, Gun-Woo.Charge equalizer design method based on battery modularization[C].2008 IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies,2008:558-563
[15]郑伟,胡骅,张羽.通信用蓄电池检测系统的实现方法[J].南京邮电学院学报,1997,(9)：100-102
[16]Chen, Chen, Jin, J.I.N., Lenian, H.E, A new battery management system for li-ion battery packs[C], IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, Proceedings,2008:1312-1315
[17]Zhang Donglai, Sun Baokui, Syntron, and Fan Hong. Remote Online Power System Monitoring System Based on Multi-Information Acquisition Technology[C].2004 International Conference on Power System Technology,2004,2:1147-1151
[18]Pengfei, Li, Bashirullah, Rizwan; Principe, Jose C. A low power battery management system for rechargeable wireless implantable electronics [C]. Proceedings-IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,2006:1139-1142
[19]蔡型,张思全.短距离无线通信技术综述[J].现代电子技术,2004(3)：65-67
[20]金纯,许光辰,孙睿.蓝牙技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2001：
[21]蒋挺,赵成林.紫蜂技术及其应用[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2006：
[22]Xiao Hu, Jiaqing Wang, Qun Yu, Waixi Liu, Jian Qin, A Wireless Sensor Network Based on ZigBee for Telemedicine Monitoring System[C],2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering,2008:1367-1370
[23]李文仲,段朝玉.ZigBee无线网络技术入门与实战[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2007：
[24]Ran peng, Sun maoheng, Zou youmin. ZigBee routing selection strategy based on data services and energy-balanced ZigBee routing[C]. Proceedings of 2006 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Services Computing,2006:400-404
[25]Huang Yukai, Pang Aichun, Hung Huinien. A comprehensive analysis of low-power operation for beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 wireless networks[C]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2009,8(11):5601-5611
[26]李文仲,段朝玉等编著.PIC单片机与ZigBee无线网络实战[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2007：
[27]Sukwon Choi, Hojung Cha, SungChil Cho, A SoC-based Sensor Node:Evaluation of RETOS-enabled CC2430[C],2007 4th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks,2007:132-141
[28]朱向庆,王建明.ZigBee协议网络层的研究与实现[J].电子技术应用,2006(1)：129-132
[29]刘辉.ZigBee无线传感器网络的设计与应用[D].苏州：苏州大学,2007：
[30]O2Micro Technology Company.OZ890Datasheet [z].2007
[31]周江,齐铂金,吴红杰.基于OZ890的电池管理模块的研制[J].电路设计,2009(6)：8-11
[32]CC2430 A True System-on-Chip solution for 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee(?)
[33]刘江沙,雷伟,尹酉.基于CC2430的串口无线模块的设计[J].国外电子元器件,2007,4：47-50
[34]Sun Zengyou, Zhao tao, Che Chenghua. Design of electric power monitoring system based on ZigBee and GPRS[C]. Proceedings-1st International Symposium on Computer Network and Multimedia Technology,2009
[35]杨雪峰,胡荣强.基于CC2430实现ZigBee通信[J].工业控制技术,2007：85-88
[36]梁光胜,刘丹娟,郝福珍.基于CC2430的ZigBee网络节点设计[J].电子设计工程,2010,18(2)：15-18
[37]王汉中.基于ZigBee收发器CC2430的分布式温度测量系统的设计.[D].武汉：华中师范大学,2008：
[38]王涛,齐铂金,吴红杰,李伟.基于DSP和OZ890的电池管理系统设计[J].电池工业,2009,14(1)：41-43
[39]Lee YuangShung, Chen Mingwang, Hsu, Kolin, Du Jiunyi, Chuang Chingfang. Cell equalization scheme with energy transferring capacitance for series connected battery strings[C]. IEEE Region 10 Annual International Conference,2002,3:2042-2045
[40]史相玲.蓄电池在线监测系统的研究[D].河北：河北农业大学,2009：
[41]Royall, R.A.Isolating the Medelec RS232 data interface.. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing,1985,23(3):289-290
[42]Shi Run, Zhao Zhengyu, Deng Feng. Study of Alfven waves propagation in low-latitude IAR[J]. Dianbo Kexue Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2008,23(5):851-857
[43]刘滨,姜广欣,杨占录.I2C串行总线技术在DSP系统中的虚拟实现[J].微计算机信息,2003,19(8)：12-14
[44]郑相全.无线自组网技术实用教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：92-113.
[45]马忠梅,籍顺心,张凯,马岩编著.单片机的C语言应用程序设计[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2003：
[2]徐曼珍.阀控式密封蓄电池及其在通信中的应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,1997：
[3]孙频东.串联蓄电池均衡充电系统[J].南京师范大学学报,2006,6(1)：12-16
[4]KONG Lingyi, LIAO Liying, ZHANG Haiwu, ZHAO Jiawan. Application of battery energy storage system in power system[J]. Electrical switches,2008(5):61-63
[5]WANG Guang liang. Classification and characteristic of electrical energy storage technology [J]. Journal of Jiangxi Vocational and Technical College of Electricity,2008,21(3):1-3
[6]张晓冬.国内外蓄电池监测系统的现状及发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2002,3(15)：23-24
[7]Hsieh Y C,Moo C S,Tsai I S.Balance charging circuit for charge equalization[C]. Power Conversion Conference,2002,3:1138-1143
[8]杜晓明,陈岩.无线传感器网络研究现状与应用[J].北京工商大学学报,2008,26(1)：41-44
[9]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,朱红松.无线传感器网络[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005：4-6
[10]李建中,高宏.无线传感器网络的研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2008,45(1)：1-15
[11]胡信国.通信用蓄电池[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008：
[12]周杰.蓄电池参数无线采集系统的开发.[D].大连：大连理工大学,2008：
[13]Kim , Myungsoo, HWang, Euijin. Monitoring the battery status of photovoltaic systems[J] Journal of power sources,1997(1):193-196
[14]Park, Hong-Sun,Kim, Chol-Ho; Moon, Gun-Woo.Charge equalizer design method based on battery modularization[C].2008 IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies,2008:558-563
[15]郑伟,胡骅,张羽.通信用蓄电池检测系统的实现方法[J].南京邮电学院学报,1997,(9)：100-102
[16]Chen, Chen, Jin, J.I.N., Lenian, H.E, A new battery management system for li-ion battery packs[C], IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, Proceedings,2008:1312-1315
[17]Zhang Donglai, Sun Baokui, Syntron, and Fan Hong. Remote Online Power System Monitoring System Based on Multi-Information Acquisition Technology[C].2004 International Conference on Power System Technology,2004,2:1147-1151
[18]Pengfei, Li, Bashirullah, Rizwan; Principe, Jose C. A low power battery management system for rechargeable wireless implantable electronics [C]. Proceedings-IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,2006:1139-1142
[19]蔡型,张思全.短距离无线通信技术综述[J].现代电子技术,2004(3)：65-67
[20]金纯,许光辰,孙睿.蓝牙技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2001：
[21]蒋挺,赵成林.紫蜂技术及其应用[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2006：
[22]Xiao Hu, Jiaqing Wang, Qun Yu, Waixi Liu, Jian Qin, A Wireless Sensor Network Based on ZigBee for Telemedicine Monitoring System[C],2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering,2008:1367-1370
[23]李文仲,段朝玉.ZigBee无线网络技术入门与实战[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2007：
[24]Ran peng, Sun maoheng, Zou youmin. ZigBee routing selection strategy based on data services and energy-balanced ZigBee routing[C]. Proceedings of 2006 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Services Computing,2006:400-404
[25]Huang Yukai, Pang Aichun, Hung Huinien. A comprehensive analysis of low-power operation for beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 wireless networks[C]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2009,8(11):5601-5611
[26]李文仲,段朝玉等编著.PIC单片机与ZigBee无线网络实战[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2007：
[27]Sukwon Choi, Hojung Cha, SungChil Cho, A SoC-based Sensor Node:Evaluation of RETOS-enabled CC2430[C],2007 4th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks,2007:132-141
[28]朱向庆,王建明.ZigBee协议网络层的研究与实现[J].电子技术应用,2006(1)：129-132
[29]刘辉.ZigBee无线传感器网络的设计与应用[D].苏州：苏州大学,2007：
[30]O2Micro Technology Company.OZ890Datasheet [z].2007
[31]周江,齐铂金,吴红杰.基于OZ890的电池管理模块的研制[J].电路设计,2009(6)：8-11
[32]CC2430 A True System-on-Chip solution for 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee(?)
[33]刘江沙,雷伟,尹酉.基于CC2430的串口无线模块的设计[J].国外电子元器件,2007,4：47-50
[34]Sun Zengyou, Zhao tao, Che Chenghua. Design of electric power monitoring system based on ZigBee and GPRS[C]. Proceedings-1st International Symposium on Computer Network and Multimedia Technology,2009
[35]杨雪峰,胡荣强.基于CC2430实现ZigBee通信[J].工业控制技术,2007：85-88
[36]梁光胜,刘丹娟,郝福珍.基于CC2430的ZigBee网络节点设计[J].电子设计工程,2010,18(2)：15-18
[37]王汉中.基于ZigBee收发器CC2430的分布式温度测量系统的设计.[D].武汉：华中师范大学,2008：
[38]王涛,齐铂金,吴红杰,李伟.基于DSP和OZ890的电池管理系统设计[J].电池工业,2009,14(1)：41-43
[39]Lee YuangShung, Chen Mingwang, Hsu, Kolin, Du Jiunyi, Chuang Chingfang. Cell equalization scheme with energy transferring capacitance for series connected battery strings[C]. IEEE Region 10 Annual International Conference,2002,3:2042-2045
[40]史相玲.蓄电池在线监测系统的研究[D].河北：河北农业大学,2009：
[41]Royall, R.A.Isolating the Medelec RS232 data interface.. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing,1985,23(3):289-290
[42]Shi Run, Zhao Zhengyu, Deng Feng. Study of Alfven waves propagation in low-latitude IAR[J]. Dianbo Kexue Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2008,23(5):851-857
[43]刘滨,姜广欣,杨占录.I2C串行总线技术在DSP系统中的虚拟实现[J].微计算机信息,2003,19(8)：12-14
[44]郑相全.无线自组网技术实用教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：92-113.
[45]马忠梅,籍顺心,张凯,马岩编著.单片机的C语言应用程序设计[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2003：