大学生复原力的干预研究
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摘要
复原力的研究始于上个世纪70年代中期,由国外学者首先发现复原力的现象并提出其概念,80年代开始逐渐展开了对复原力领域的探索。近几年来国内的研究也日渐兴起。复原力(resilience)是个体从压力或逆境中实现良好适应的过程,实质是一系列保护性因素与环境交互作用过程所达到的良好结果。保护性因素是复原力的操作性定义,保护性因素与环境的交互作用过程反映了复原力的作用机制。
本研究的团体干预方案基于保护性因素的理论而设计,通过控制保护性因素从而达到提高复原力的目的。研究采用实验组与对照组前后测的实验设计。选取32名被试,随机分为实验组和对照组,对实验组被试实施团体干预,对照组则无干预。整个干预过程采用观察记录、量表施测、成员访谈、反馈等手段进行定量和定性研究。研究结果显示,实施团体干预的实验组被试的复原力水平有显著提高(p<.001),且三个月后的追踪调查也显示了较高的复原力水平(p<.001),而对照组的复原力水平无变化。结果证明团体干预对提高大学生复原力水平有显著效果。在团体干预研究的基础上,对干预效果进行分析、讨论,并对实施干预中的环节进行探索与反思,总结出团体干预的疗效因子,包括(1)干预方案合理,有针对性;(2)团体凝聚力;(3)情绪宣泄和认知辅导;(4)发挥团体成员优势。
本研究的主要结论有:
(1)对保护性因素的操作是提高大学生复原力的干预切入点。
(2)团体干预对于提高大学生的复原力具有可行性。
(3)本研究所设计的团体干预方案具有现实可操作性,可以作为提高大学生复原力的方案进行尝试。
The research of resilience had originated from the middle of 1970s, when the scholars abroad first discovered the phenomenon and the concept. It was explored at the 1980s and sprung out in recent years in our country. Resilience is a dynamic process that the individual achieve the adaptation under stress or adversity. It is essentially a process that the protective factors have interaction with the environment. Protective factors make the operational definition of resilience and the mechanism interacting with environment.
In this study, the design of group intervention was based on the theory of protective factors. The purpose of the study was to enhance the resilience through operating the protective factors. 32 college students with different level of resilience were assigned into two groups randomly, one is experimental group with intervention, and the other was control group with no intervention. The study discussed that the level of resilience significantly increased in the experimental group, and even higher after three months(p<.001), however, there was no change in control group. This proved that the group intervention had significant effect on improving the resilience of college students. The efficacy factors of intervention were:1、a reasonable and targeted intervention;2、group cohesion;3、emotional catharsis and cognitive counseling;4、play the advantages of group members.
The main conclusions of this study are as follows:
1、Operating on the protective factors is the entry point to improve the resilience of the college students.
2、It is feasible of group intervention to improve the resilience of college students.
3、In this study, the group intervention programs with the operability can be carried out to improve the resilience of college students.
本研究的团体干预方案基于保护性因素的理论而设计,通过控制保护性因素从而达到提高复原力的目的。研究采用实验组与对照组前后测的实验设计。选取32名被试,随机分为实验组和对照组,对实验组被试实施团体干预,对照组则无干预。整个干预过程采用观察记录、量表施测、成员访谈、反馈等手段进行定量和定性研究。研究结果显示,实施团体干预的实验组被试的复原力水平有显著提高(p<.001),且三个月后的追踪调查也显示了较高的复原力水平(p<.001),而对照组的复原力水平无变化。结果证明团体干预对提高大学生复原力水平有显著效果。在团体干预研究的基础上,对干预效果进行分析、讨论,并对实施干预中的环节进行探索与反思,总结出团体干预的疗效因子,包括(1)干预方案合理,有针对性;(2)团体凝聚力;(3)情绪宣泄和认知辅导;(4)发挥团体成员优势。
本研究的主要结论有:
(1)对保护性因素的操作是提高大学生复原力的干预切入点。
(2)团体干预对于提高大学生的复原力具有可行性。
(3)本研究所设计的团体干预方案具有现实可操作性,可以作为提高大学生复原力的方案进行尝试。
The research of resilience had originated from the middle of 1970s, when the scholars abroad first discovered the phenomenon and the concept. It was explored at the 1980s and sprung out in recent years in our country. Resilience is a dynamic process that the individual achieve the adaptation under stress or adversity. It is essentially a process that the protective factors have interaction with the environment. Protective factors make the operational definition of resilience and the mechanism interacting with environment.
In this study, the design of group intervention was based on the theory of protective factors. The purpose of the study was to enhance the resilience through operating the protective factors. 32 college students with different level of resilience were assigned into two groups randomly, one is experimental group with intervention, and the other was control group with no intervention. The study discussed that the level of resilience significantly increased in the experimental group, and even higher after three months(p<.001), however, there was no change in control group. This proved that the group intervention had significant effect on improving the resilience of college students. The efficacy factors of intervention were:1、a reasonable and targeted intervention;2、group cohesion;3、emotional catharsis and cognitive counseling;4、play the advantages of group members.
The main conclusions of this study are as follows:
1、Operating on the protective factors is the entry point to improve the resilience of the college students.
2、It is feasible of group intervention to improve the resilience of college students.
3、In this study, the group intervention programs with the operability can be carried out to improve the resilience of college students.
引文
1转引自Marie Earvolino-Ramirez, RN, MSN. Resilience: A Concept Analysis. Nursing Forum Volume 42, No. 2, April-June, 2007.
2转引自Nettles SM, Pleck JH. Risk, resilience, and development: The multiple ecologies of black adolescents in the United States [J]. Ibid, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994: 157
3转引自:宋娟.优秀贫困大学生心理弹性的建构研究.华东师范大学硕士学位论文. 2007,5.
4转引自阳毅.大学生复原力量表的编制与应用.华中师范大学硕士学位论文. 2005.5
5转引自:Odin Hjemdal, Oddgeir Friborg, Tore C. Stiles, Monica Martinussen, and Jan H. Rosenvinge. A New Scale for Adolescent Resilience: Grasping the Central Protective Resources behind Healthy Development. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development. Volume 39. July 2006:86
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2转引自Nettles SM, Pleck JH. Risk, resilience, and development: The multiple ecologies of black adolescents in the United States [J]. Ibid, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994: 157
3转引自:宋娟.优秀贫困大学生心理弹性的建构研究.华东师范大学硕士学位论文. 2007,5.
4转引自阳毅.大学生复原力量表的编制与应用.华中师范大学硕士学位论文. 2005.5
5转引自:Odin Hjemdal, Oddgeir Friborg, Tore C. Stiles, Monica Martinussen, and Jan H. Rosenvinge. A New Scale for Adolescent Resilience: Grasping the Central Protective Resources behind Healthy Development. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development. Volume 39. July 2006:86
[1]王同亿主编译.英汉辞海(下)[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1988.p4460.
[2]樊富珉.团体咨询的理论与实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996,12.
[3]许渭生.心理弹性结构及其要素分析[J].陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2000,29(4):l36-141.
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