专业化人力资本国际迁移的理论建构与印度个案分析
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摘要
在经济全球化和信息化日益深化、知识经济初露端倪的发展趋势下，作为知识经济增长的主要动力，专业化人力资本逐渐成为主要的经济要素，在经济社会领域发挥着愈益重要的作用和功能。人力资本的增值性功能要求生产要素的配置方式做出适应性调整，但以工业经济为主体的多元经济社会形态决定了要素配置的更新相对滞后。在人力资本的国际配置中，大批人力资本持续流动，呈现出大规模跨国迁移的发展趋势。
专业化人力资本国际迁移是知识经济时代国际人才流动的基本形式，而在以主权国家为基本单位的国际社会，这种迁移行为将引发国家层面上的利益争夺，而不仅仅是专业化人力资本自身的利害得失。该领域的相关研究主要围绕两大问题展开：一是为何迁移，二是怎样迁移，前者即迁移的机理与动因，后者即迁移成本、收益、特点及趋势。据此，本论文由绪论、正文和结束语三部分组成，其中正文共五章十九节。
绪论由研究的缘起、国内外相关研究评述、专业化人力资本国际迁移的研究假定、本论文的理论工具和研究框架五点内容构成。
正文第一章首先简要回顾了国际人才流动的历史与现状，并揭示了时代变迁对转换研究范式的客观要求，对人力资本概念重新界定，并扼要分析了国际迁移的相关概念及基本类型。然后，专门分析多元经济社会形态的演进与人才流动的关系，构建了多元经济社会形态演进中专业化人力资本国际迁移研究的参照系。
第二章依据专业化人力资本迁移机理，从生产方式、科技发展、价值转换和专业化人力资本自身特性四个方面探讨了其国际迁移的内因，从市场供求、价值差异、相关的比较性因素等三个方面研究了国际迁移的外部成因，并对印度个案进行了相关分析。
以往的人力资本迁移行为研究通常从经济角度出发，并且以个人为基点，因此所谓的成本——收益比较实际上是个人经济成本——经济收益的比较。但对于专业化人力资本国际迁移，无论是从专业化人力资本的重要性而言，还是从国际迁移的跨国性特征来看，在考虑个人经济成本与经济收益的同时，还必须考虑迁出国和迁入国的经济成本和经济收益。同时，由于专业化人力资本的社会性特征，因此还必须分析相关的非经济性成本与非经济收益。
第三章从个人和国家(迁出国和迁入国)两个层面、三个角度分析专业化人力资本国际迁移的各种成本，并对印度专业化人力资本国际迁移个案进行了相关分析。
As the primary motive force of knowledge economy, specialized human capital has turned to be the primary economic factor, play the increasingly important role and function in the economic and social sphere along with the deepening of economic globalization and informatization and emerging knowledge economy. The increment function of human capital requires the suitable adjustment of collocation method of the production factors, while the multiple economic and social pattern focused on industrial economy predestines the relative lagging of adjustment of factor collocating. Vast multitudes of specialized human capital persistently flow and show a developing trend of massive transnational migration in the process of international collocating of human capital.
International migration of specialized human capital is the elemental form of international talent flows in the era of knowledge economy, while such kind of migratory behavior will result in the contest for interests between nations, not just the advantages and disadvantages of specialized human capital in the international community composed by sovereign states. The studies of this field focus on two principal problems: one is why to migrate, and the other is how to migrate. The former concerns the mechanism and motives, while the latter concerns the cost, benefit, characteristics and tendency of international migration. The dissertation consists of introduction, text and peroration, whereas the text consists of five chapters and nineteen subsections.
The introduction presents the genesis of such a topic, the relevant studies at home and abroad, main research hypotheses, theoretical instruments and the framework.
In a short retrospection of the history and present situation of international talent flows, chapterl shows the objective demand for changing the normal formulas in the whirligig of age, redefine the concept of human capital, outline the relevant concepts and its fundamental types, and then give a brief analysis to the relation between the evolving of multiple economic and social pattern and talent flows, set up the frame of reference of international migration studies of specialized human capital in the frame of multiple economic and social pattern.
Chapter2 focuses on the internal causes of international migration from the mode of production, development of science and technology, convert of value and the
专业化人力资本国际迁移是知识经济时代国际人才流动的基本形式，而在以主权国家为基本单位的国际社会，这种迁移行为将引发国家层面上的利益争夺，而不仅仅是专业化人力资本自身的利害得失。该领域的相关研究主要围绕两大问题展开：一是为何迁移，二是怎样迁移，前者即迁移的机理与动因，后者即迁移成本、收益、特点及趋势。据此，本论文由绪论、正文和结束语三部分组成，其中正文共五章十九节。
绪论由研究的缘起、国内外相关研究评述、专业化人力资本国际迁移的研究假定、本论文的理论工具和研究框架五点内容构成。
正文第一章首先简要回顾了国际人才流动的历史与现状，并揭示了时代变迁对转换研究范式的客观要求，对人力资本概念重新界定，并扼要分析了国际迁移的相关概念及基本类型。然后，专门分析多元经济社会形态的演进与人才流动的关系，构建了多元经济社会形态演进中专业化人力资本国际迁移研究的参照系。
第二章依据专业化人力资本迁移机理，从生产方式、科技发展、价值转换和专业化人力资本自身特性四个方面探讨了其国际迁移的内因，从市场供求、价值差异、相关的比较性因素等三个方面研究了国际迁移的外部成因，并对印度个案进行了相关分析。
以往的人力资本迁移行为研究通常从经济角度出发，并且以个人为基点，因此所谓的成本——收益比较实际上是个人经济成本——经济收益的比较。但对于专业化人力资本国际迁移，无论是从专业化人力资本的重要性而言，还是从国际迁移的跨国性特征来看，在考虑个人经济成本与经济收益的同时，还必须考虑迁出国和迁入国的经济成本和经济收益。同时，由于专业化人力资本的社会性特征，因此还必须分析相关的非经济性成本与非经济收益。
第三章从个人和国家(迁出国和迁入国)两个层面、三个角度分析专业化人力资本国际迁移的各种成本，并对印度专业化人力资本国际迁移个案进行了相关分析。
As the primary motive force of knowledge economy, specialized human capital has turned to be the primary economic factor, play the increasingly important role and function in the economic and social sphere along with the deepening of economic globalization and informatization and emerging knowledge economy. The increment function of human capital requires the suitable adjustment of collocation method of the production factors, while the multiple economic and social pattern focused on industrial economy predestines the relative lagging of adjustment of factor collocating. Vast multitudes of specialized human capital persistently flow and show a developing trend of massive transnational migration in the process of international collocating of human capital.
International migration of specialized human capital is the elemental form of international talent flows in the era of knowledge economy, while such kind of migratory behavior will result in the contest for interests between nations, not just the advantages and disadvantages of specialized human capital in the international community composed by sovereign states. The studies of this field focus on two principal problems: one is why to migrate, and the other is how to migrate. The former concerns the mechanism and motives, while the latter concerns the cost, benefit, characteristics and tendency of international migration. The dissertation consists of introduction, text and peroration, whereas the text consists of five chapters and nineteen subsections.
The introduction presents the genesis of such a topic, the relevant studies at home and abroad, main research hypotheses, theoretical instruments and the framework.
In a short retrospection of the history and present situation of international talent flows, chapterl shows the objective demand for changing the normal formulas in the whirligig of age, redefine the concept of human capital, outline the relevant concepts and its fundamental types, and then give a brief analysis to the relation between the evolving of multiple economic and social pattern and talent flows, set up the frame of reference of international migration studies of specialized human capital in the frame of multiple economic and social pattern.
Chapter2 focuses on the internal causes of international migration from the mode of production, development of science and technology, convert of value and the
引文
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3、张富春 编著《资本与经济增长》，经济科学出版社2000年版。
4、姚玉珠 编著《资本潜力论》，中国科技大学2003年版。
5、冯子标 著《人力资本运营论》，经济科学出版社2000年版。
6、寇文煜 著《跨国公司研发本地化实证研究》，中国财政经济出版社2004年版。
7、冯子标 等著《人力资本参与企业收益分配研究》，经济科学出版社2003年版。
8、李忠民 著《人力资本—一个理论框架及其对中国一些问题的解释》，经济科学出版社1999年版。
9、陈昌贵 著《人才外流与回归》，湖北教育出版社1996年版。10、张卫国主编《知识经济与未来发展》，青岛海洋大学出版社 1998年版。
11、李继樊 等著《人力经济学—兼论经济全球化与中国人才战略》，中国经济出版社 2005年版。
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13、沈邦仪 著《人才生态论》，蓝天出版社2005年版。
14、涂文涛 主编《知识经济的人才战略》，中国时代经济出版社2003年版。
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17 杨柳新著《人力资本与中国现代化》，山东大学出版社2003年版。
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22、张世晴 著《人口—经济增长的理论研究》，陕西人民出版社 1994年版。
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24、张蕴岭 主编《亚洲现代化透视》，社会科学文献出版社2000年版。
25、夏先良 著《知识论》，对外经济贸易大学出版社2000年版。
26、王贵检《劳动与资本双重过剩下的经济发展》，上海人民出版社2002年版。
27、蔡昉 等著《劳动力流动的政治经济学》，上海人民出版社2003年版。
28、陈利君 著《中国与印度信息产业合作新趋势》，云南人民出版社2003年版。
29、张双鼓 等编著《印度科技与教育发展》，人民教育出版社2003年版。
30、林承节 主编《印度现代化的发展道路》，北京大学出版社2001年版。
31、李芳 等著《印度—在第三条道路上踯躅》，四川人民出版社2002年版。
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1、莫志宏著《人力资本的经济学分析》，经济管理出版社2004年版。
2、郑兴山 等著《企业人力资本产权理论研究》，上海社会科学院出版社2003年版。
3、张富春 编著《资本与经济增长》，经济科学出版社2000年版。
4、姚玉珠 编著《资本潜力论》，中国科技大学2003年版。
5、冯子标 著《人力资本运营论》，经济科学出版社2000年版。
6、寇文煜 著《跨国公司研发本地化实证研究》，中国财政经济出版社2004年版。
7、冯子标 等著《人力资本参与企业收益分配研究》，经济科学出版社2003年版。
8、李忠民 著《人力资本—一个理论框架及其对中国一些问题的解释》，经济科学出版社1999年版。
9、陈昌贵 著《人才外流与回归》，湖北教育出版社1996年版。10、张卫国主编《知识经济与未来发展》，青岛海洋大学出版社 1998年版。
11、李继樊 等著《人力经济学—兼论经济全球化与中国人才战略》，中国经济出版社 2005年版。
12、钟祖容 等著《外国人才研究史纲》，蓝天出版社 2005年版。
13、沈邦仪 著《人才生态论》，蓝天出版社2005年版。
14、涂文涛 主编《知识经济的人才战略》，中国时代经济出版社2003年版。
15、丁向阳著《人才竞争战略》，蓝天出版社 2005年版。
16、李玲 著《人力资本运动与中国经济增长》，中国计划出版社 2003年版。
17 杨柳新著《人力资本与中国现代化》，山东大学出版社2003年版。
18、赵秋成 著《人力资源开发研究》，东北财经大学出版社2001年版。
19、王建民《人力资本生产制度研究》，经济科学出版社2001年版。
20、李建民《人力资本通论》，上海三联书店1999年版。
21、辜胜阻 主编《人口流动与社会经济发展》，武汉大学出版社 2000年版。
22、张世晴 著《人口—经济增长的理论研究》，陕西人民出版社 1994年版。
23、姚裕群 主编《人口大国的希望—人力资源经济概论》，中国人口出版社1991年版。
24、张蕴岭 主编《亚洲现代化透视》，社会科学文献出版社2000年版。
25、夏先良 著《知识论》，对外经济贸易大学出版社2000年版。
26、王贵检《劳动与资本双重过剩下的经济发展》，上海人民出版社2002年版。
27、蔡昉 等著《劳动力流动的政治经济学》，上海人民出版社2003年版。
28、陈利君 著《中国与印度信息产业合作新趋势》，云南人民出版社2003年版。
29、张双鼓 等编著《印度科技与教育发展》，人民教育出版社2003年版。
30、林承节 主编《印度现代化的发展道路》，北京大学出版社2001年版。
31、李芳 等著《印度—在第三条道路上踯躅》，四川人民出版社2002年版。
32、马加力 著《关注印度—崛起中的大国》，天津人民出版社2002年版。
33、朱明忠 尚会鹏 著《印度教：宗教与社会》，世界知识出版社2003年版。
34、陈峰君 著《东亚与印度：亚洲两种现代化模式》，经济科学出版社2000年版。
35、胡志勇 著《文明的力量—印度崛起》，新华出版社2006年版。
36、赵鸣歧 著《印度之路—印度工业化道路探析》，学林出版社2005年版。
37、杨翠柏 等著《印度政治与法律》，巴蜀书社2004年版。
38、王振华 著《英联邦兴衰》，中国社会科学出版社1991年版。1、[美]雅克．菲兹—恩兹 著，尤以丁译《人力资本的投资回报》，上海人民出版社2003年版。
2、[美]西奥多．W．舒尔茨 著，蒋斌等译《人力资本投资—教育和研究的作用》，商务印书馆1990年版。
3、[美]雅各布．明塞尔 著 张凤林译《人力资本研究》，中国经济出版社 2001年版。
4、[美]西奥多．W．舒尔茨 著 吴珠华译《论人力资本投资》，北京经济学院出版社 1990年版。
5、[美]西奥多．W．舒尔茨 著 贾湛等译《人口投资—人口质量经济学》，华夏出版社1990年版。
6、[美]加里．S．贝克尔 著 梁小民 译《人力资本—特别是关于教育的理论与经验分析》，北京大学出版社 1987年版。
7、[印度]N．维特尔S．曼哈林安姆 著，矽贝 今彦 译《印度IT产业揭密》，新华出版社2004年版。
8、[印度]S．K．乔朴拉博士主编，莘国梁等译《人才流失及其逆转》，哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社 1992年版。
9、[美]伊兰伯格．史密斯《现代劳动经济学——理论与公共政策》，第6版，中国人民大学出版社 1999年版。
10、曼纽尔．卡斯特著 夏铸九等译《网络社会的崛起》，社会科学文献出版社 2000年版。
11、[美]马歇尔《经济学原理》(下)，商务印书馆1981年版。
12、[美]阿尔文．托夫勒 著 朱志焱等译《第三次浪潮》，新华出版社1996年版。
13、[英]马克·布劳格 著《经济学方法论》，北京大学出版社1990年版。
14、[美]斯蒂芬．科亨 著 刘满贵 等译《大象和孔雀—解读印度大战略》，新华出版社2002年版。
15、[美]比尔·盖茨《未来之路》，北京大学出版社1996年版。1. http://www.HindustanTimes.com
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