多角度遥感图像三维信息提取及可视化研究
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摘要
遥感摄影测量能够获取大量的、大范围的资料数据,并且在采集信息时受时空等条件限制较少,现在已经成为地球环境信息提取的重要手段。随着空间遥感技术的发展,在获得极其丰富的信息的同时,越来越强烈要求对多角度、多传感器甚至是多平台之间获取的信息数据进行信息互补,来弥补单一遥感影像信息的不足,基于多角度遥感图像对目标进行三维空间信息提取就是其中的一种形式。
随着三维信息提取技术的发展,人们对物体三维空间信息描述的应用要求越来越高。这也促进了三维图形技术和科学计算可视化技术的快速发展,让更多的研究人员把目光投向了三维可视化的研究上。基于获得真实纹理细节信息的目标及场景的三维可视化技术,由于视觉效果好、真实感强,进而得到了人们的亲睐并在众多领域应用广泛。
本文主要研究三维信息的获取以及这些数据模型的具有真实纹理信息的可视化应用。首先,本文研究了多角度遥感像的立体匹配方法,采用Harris算法与SIFT特征匹配算法相结合的方法提取匹配立体像对中的同名点,提出了基于遥感成像理论的同名点对匹配方法。利用传感器参数模型对多角度遥感图像进行目标及场景的三维信息提取,在此过程中利用泰勒级数将传感器参数成像模型线性化,并通过误差迭代的方式对参数进行精细标定,从而提高了对目标及场景三维信息提取的精度,增强了系统的鲁棒性。
然后,本文利用基于逐点插入法的Delaunay三角剖分和规则网格剖分相结合的网格剖分方法,再通过多项式插值和多项式拟合针对建筑物和桥梁等典型目标以及地形进行几何建模。完成几种典型目标模型构建的同时建立了几种几何模型基元模块。
最后,本文对纹理信息提取和映射方法做了研究,提出了基于成像模型的纹理匹配映射方法,完成目标模型与纹理信息的匹配映射,增加了三维目标模型的纹理信息。采用透视变换和消隐处理等计算机图形学原理将纹理信息数据与三维空间数据合并一起进行可视化显示和多角度漫游观察,实现多角度观察和分析的目的,增强了目标及场景的真实感观。本文中做了大量的半实物及实物仿真实验并进行了实验验证。
Remote sensing photogrammetry has a lot of advantages, such as large range and large amount of information accessing, less restricted conditions. Therefore, it becomes to be an important way of information extraction on the resources and the environment. With the continuous development of space remote sensing technology, we can obtain much more information. At the same time, people increasingly strong demand for accessing to the complementary of information which is from multi-angle, multi-sensor or even multi-platform to fill the shortage of single remote sensing image. The three-dimensional information extraction based on multi-angle remote sensing images is an example.
With the development of the three-dimensional information extraction technology, people require more and more applications on three-dimensional spatial information of the objects. It promotes the development of three-dimensional graphics technology and the visualization technology in scientific computing. And a growing number of researchers are paying attention to the visualization of three-dimensional information. In this process, we try to get texture information as much as possible in order to enhance realistic view of objectives and scenarios. As is widely used, three-dimensional visualization becomes to be one of the hot issues.
This paper mainly studies on three-dimensional information accessing and the visualization of these data with real texture information. First, this article mainly researches stereo matching method in multi-angle remote sensing images by Harris ang SIFT. And accomplishes the three-dimensional information extraction based on remote sensing imaging theory. In this process, the paper resolves the problem about fine calibration of sensor parameters by Taylor series linearization and error Iteration. It improves the accuracy of extraction and enhances the stability of the system.
Then, it uses Delaunay triangulation, polynomial interpolation and polynomial fitting to get the geometric model of typical targets and terrain, such as buildings bridges and scenarios. Additionally, there are basic element models to build complex models. At the same time the models are proposed texture mapping method that based on remote sensing imaging model. It increases the texture information of objectives and scenarios.
Finally, this article solves the visual display of data and roaming display of the three-dimensional reconstruction by using computer graphics principles. The final texture information data combined with the three-dimensional data for visualization and multi-angle roaming. So that the realistic view of three-dimensional target model is enhanced. Thereby, it carries out multi-angle observation and analysis purposes, and in this paper a lot of semi-physical or physical simulation experiments are done to verify them.
随着三维信息提取技术的发展,人们对物体三维空间信息描述的应用要求越来越高。这也促进了三维图形技术和科学计算可视化技术的快速发展,让更多的研究人员把目光投向了三维可视化的研究上。基于获得真实纹理细节信息的目标及场景的三维可视化技术,由于视觉效果好、真实感强,进而得到了人们的亲睐并在众多领域应用广泛。
本文主要研究三维信息的获取以及这些数据模型的具有真实纹理信息的可视化应用。首先,本文研究了多角度遥感像的立体匹配方法,采用Harris算法与SIFT特征匹配算法相结合的方法提取匹配立体像对中的同名点,提出了基于遥感成像理论的同名点对匹配方法。利用传感器参数模型对多角度遥感图像进行目标及场景的三维信息提取,在此过程中利用泰勒级数将传感器参数成像模型线性化,并通过误差迭代的方式对参数进行精细标定,从而提高了对目标及场景三维信息提取的精度,增强了系统的鲁棒性。
然后,本文利用基于逐点插入法的Delaunay三角剖分和规则网格剖分相结合的网格剖分方法,再通过多项式插值和多项式拟合针对建筑物和桥梁等典型目标以及地形进行几何建模。完成几种典型目标模型构建的同时建立了几种几何模型基元模块。
最后,本文对纹理信息提取和映射方法做了研究,提出了基于成像模型的纹理匹配映射方法,完成目标模型与纹理信息的匹配映射,增加了三维目标模型的纹理信息。采用透视变换和消隐处理等计算机图形学原理将纹理信息数据与三维空间数据合并一起进行可视化显示和多角度漫游观察,实现多角度观察和分析的目的,增强了目标及场景的真实感观。本文中做了大量的半实物及实物仿真实验并进行了实验验证。
Remote sensing photogrammetry has a lot of advantages, such as large range and large amount of information accessing, less restricted conditions. Therefore, it becomes to be an important way of information extraction on the resources and the environment. With the continuous development of space remote sensing technology, we can obtain much more information. At the same time, people increasingly strong demand for accessing to the complementary of information which is from multi-angle, multi-sensor or even multi-platform to fill the shortage of single remote sensing image. The three-dimensional information extraction based on multi-angle remote sensing images is an example.
With the development of the three-dimensional information extraction technology, people require more and more applications on three-dimensional spatial information of the objects. It promotes the development of three-dimensional graphics technology and the visualization technology in scientific computing. And a growing number of researchers are paying attention to the visualization of three-dimensional information. In this process, we try to get texture information as much as possible in order to enhance realistic view of objectives and scenarios. As is widely used, three-dimensional visualization becomes to be one of the hot issues.
This paper mainly studies on three-dimensional information accessing and the visualization of these data with real texture information. First, this article mainly researches stereo matching method in multi-angle remote sensing images by Harris ang SIFT. And accomplishes the three-dimensional information extraction based on remote sensing imaging theory. In this process, the paper resolves the problem about fine calibration of sensor parameters by Taylor series linearization and error Iteration. It improves the accuracy of extraction and enhances the stability of the system.
Then, it uses Delaunay triangulation, polynomial interpolation and polynomial fitting to get the geometric model of typical targets and terrain, such as buildings bridges and scenarios. Additionally, there are basic element models to build complex models. At the same time the models are proposed texture mapping method that based on remote sensing imaging model. It increases the texture information of objectives and scenarios.
Finally, this article solves the visual display of data and roaming display of the three-dimensional reconstruction by using computer graphics principles. The final texture information data combined with the three-dimensional data for visualization and multi-angle roaming. So that the realistic view of three-dimensional target model is enhanced. Thereby, it carries out multi-angle observation and analysis purposes, and in this paper a lot of semi-physical or physical simulation experiments are done to verify them.
引文
1 Jacek Grodecki, Gene Dial, James Lutes. Mathematical Model for 3D Feature Extraction from Multiple Satellite Images Described by RPCs. ASPRS Annual Conference Proceedings, Denver Colorado, May 2004
2 Grodecki, Dial and Lutes.Mathematical Model for 3D Feature Extraction from Multiple Satellite Images Described by RPCs. ASPRS Annual Conference Proceedings, May, 2004
3 Jaehong Oh. Direct Epipolar Image Generation from IKONOS Stereo Imagery Based on RPC and Parallel Projection Model.Korean Journal of Remote Sensing. 2006, 22(5): 451~456
4 Paparoditis N, Boudet L. Automatic Man-Made Object Extraction and 3D Scene Reconstruction from Geomatic-Images; Is There Still A Long Way to Go.Paris, IEEE Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event. 2007: 1~6
5 Lin Zhu, Shimamura H. Building Change Detection Using Aerial Images and Existing 3D Data.IEEE Urban Remote Sensing Event, 2009:1~5
6李德仁.摄影测量与遥感的现状及发展趋势.武汉测绘科技大学学报. 2000, 25(1): 1~4
7马廷.高分辨率卫星影像及其信息处理的技术模型.遥感信息. 2001, (3): 6~9
8李新召.基于摄影测量与遥感的三维数据获取.北京测绘. 2003, (4): 14~16
9杨贵军,柳钦火.高分辨率星载遥感立体像对3D测量模型.地理与地理信息科学. 2006, 22(6): 17~20
10习飞,文贡坚,蔡伟柯.利用三维模型和立体像对估算飞行目标位姿.计算机仿真. 2007, 24(11): 95~98
11郑碧娜,吴敏.一种基于立体像对稠密匹配的三维重建方法.中国体视学与图像分析. 2009, 14(2): 187~190
12 Frederic Baudemont, Jean-Francois Parrot. Structural Analysis of DEM by Intersection of Surface Normals in a Three-Dimensional Accumulator Space. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 2000, 38(3):1191~1198
13李青元,林宗坚,李成明.真三维GIS技术研究的现状与发展.测绘科学. 2000, 25(2): 47~50
14朱庆,李德仁.数码城市GIS的设计与实现.武汉大学学报. 2001, 26(1): 8~10
15王鹏,刘立娜. GIS中Delaunay三角网的快速建立及拓扑自动生成.测绘信息与工程, 2001(4): 24~27
16孙敏,马蔼乃,陈军.三维城市模型的研究现状评述.遥感学报. 2002, 6(2): 155~159
17万刚,陈刚,游雄.虚拟城市中地物几何建模技术的研究.测绘学报. 2002, 31(1): 60~65
18 Polis M. F, McKeown D. M, Jr. Iterative TIN Generation from Digital Elevation Models. 1992 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2002: 787~790
19 Masatoshi Mori. Integration of High Resolution(10m)DEM with Geographic Information Systems. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2004, 1(1): 53~55
20 Gabriele Gorla, Senior Member, Guillermo Sapiro. Texture Synthesis for 3D Shape Representation. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. 2003, 9(4): 512~524
21 K. Jacobsen. DEM Generation by SPOT HRS. ISPRS Congress, July, 2004
22常歌,钱曾波,黄野.城区建筑物3D景观模型建立.中国图像图形学报. 2001, 06(06): 590~593
23 Wenhan Xie, Guoqing Zhou. 3D Urban Model with True-texture Reconstruction for Decision-Making. IEEE International Conference on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2006: 1394~1397
24 Shaker et al. Conformal Surface Parameterization for Texture Mapping. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2000
25 Greg Tur. Texture Synthesis on Surface.Computer Graphics proceedings. Annual Conference Series. 2001: 347~354
26 Etienne Beauchesne, Aebastien Roy. Automatic Relighting of Overlapping Textures 3D Model. In:Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Patter Recognition, Nice, France, 2003
27 Policarpo. F, Oliveira M. M, Comba J. L. D. Real-Tim Relief Mapping on Arbitrary Polygonal Surfaces. Interactive 3D Graphics and Games (SI3D), ACM Press. 2005: 155~162
28陈柯,杜利民,赵向阳.基于三角剖分的人脸纹理映射.微计算机应用. 2007, 28(1): 1~4
29 Uccheddu F, Del Mastio A, Remondino F. Texture mapping of Flat-like 3D models. 2009 16th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing, Santorini-Hellas. 2009: 1~6
30齐敏,郝重阳,佟明安.三维地形生成及实时显示技术研究进展.中国图像图形学报. 2000, 5(4): 271~275
31 Cyrille Maire, Mihai Datcu. Earth Observation Image and DEM Information Aggregation for Realistic 3-D Visualization of Natural Landscapes.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 2005, 43 (11): 2676~2683
32 Corina Iovan, Didier Boldo, Matthieu Cord.Detection, Characterization, and Modeling Vegetation in Urban Areas from High-Resolution Aerial Imagery. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 2008, 1(3): 206~213
33张春森.基于点特征匹配的SUSAN, Harris算子比较.西安科技大学学报. 2007, 27(4): 608~611
34 Ewaryst Rafajlowicz. SUSAN Edge Detector Reinterpreted,Simplified and Modified. Multidimensional Systems, 2007: 69~74
35 Alkaabi S, Deravi F. A New Approach to Corner Extraction and Matching for Automated Image Registration.25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2005, 5: 3517~3521
36赛森,朱剑英.基于改进的SIFT特征的图像双向匹配算法.机械科学与技术. 2007, 26(9): 1179~1181
37 Schwarz G, Soccorsi M.Automated Information Extraction from High Resolution SAR Images: TerraSAR-X Interpretation Applications.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2009, 4: 677~680
38 Aixia Dou, Xiaoqing Wang. Technique of Remote Sensing Image Processing in Active Faults Survey. IEEE International Workshop on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2007: 2609~2612
39牛彦.关于透视变换的研究.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报. 2001, 13(6): 549~551
40 Saeedi P, Zwick H. Automatic Building Detection in Aerial and Satellite Images. 10th International Conference on Control,Automation, Robotics and Vision. 2009: 623~629
41 Fujii K, Arikawa T. Urban Object Reconstruction Using Airborne Laser Elevation Image and Aerial Image. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 2002, 40(10): 2234~2240
42 Lin Zhu, Shimamura H. Building Change Detection Using Aerial Images and Existing 3D Data. IEEE Urban Remote Sensing Event, 2009: 1~5
43 Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac, Roger Boyle. Image Processing,Analyzing,and Machine Vision (second edition).北京:人民邮电出版社. 2003: 351~352
44 Paparoditis N, Boudet L. Automatic Man-Made Object Extraction and 3D Scene Reconstruction from Geomatic-Images. IEEE Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event. 2007: 1~6
45 Maire C, Datcu M. Object and Topology Extraction from Remote Sensing Images. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. 2005, (2): 193~196
46 Zhen Xiong, Yun Zhang. A Novel Interest-Point-Matching Algorithm for High-resolution Satellite Images. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 2009, 47(12): 4189~4200
47 Tao Shu, Hu Deyong. Urban Land Cover Information Extraction Combining Spectral Feature and Oriented-object Analysis. IEEE Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event. 2009: 1~6
48邵振峰,李德仁.立交桥三维建模的集成方法研究.测绘信息与工程. 2003, 28(4): 1~3
49王永明.地形可视化.中国图像图形学报. 2000, 5(6): 449~454
50 Junyi Zhang, Shuqian Luo. Image~Based Texture Mapping Method in 3D Face Modeling. IEEE/ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering. 2007: 147~150
51顾朝林,段学军,于涛方.论“数字城市”及其三维再现关键技术.地理研究. 2002, 21(1): 14~20
52 Salahova S. Remote Sensing and GIS Application for Earth Observation on the base of the Neural Networks in Aerospace Image Classification. IEEE 3rd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies. 2007: 275 ~278
53 Sauer S, Ferro-Famil L. 3D Visualisation and Physical Feature Extraction of Urban Areas Using Multibaseline POL-InSAR Data at L-Band. IEEE Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event. 2007: 1~5
2 Grodecki, Dial and Lutes.Mathematical Model for 3D Feature Extraction from Multiple Satellite Images Described by RPCs. ASPRS Annual Conference Proceedings, May, 2004
3 Jaehong Oh. Direct Epipolar Image Generation from IKONOS Stereo Imagery Based on RPC and Parallel Projection Model.Korean Journal of Remote Sensing. 2006, 22(5): 451~456
4 Paparoditis N, Boudet L. Automatic Man-Made Object Extraction and 3D Scene Reconstruction from Geomatic-Images; Is There Still A Long Way to Go.Paris, IEEE Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event. 2007: 1~6
5 Lin Zhu, Shimamura H. Building Change Detection Using Aerial Images and Existing 3D Data.IEEE Urban Remote Sensing Event, 2009:1~5
6李德仁.摄影测量与遥感的现状及发展趋势.武汉测绘科技大学学报. 2000, 25(1): 1~4
7马廷.高分辨率卫星影像及其信息处理的技术模型.遥感信息. 2001, (3): 6~9
8李新召.基于摄影测量与遥感的三维数据获取.北京测绘. 2003, (4): 14~16
9杨贵军,柳钦火.高分辨率星载遥感立体像对3D测量模型.地理与地理信息科学. 2006, 22(6): 17~20
10习飞,文贡坚,蔡伟柯.利用三维模型和立体像对估算飞行目标位姿.计算机仿真. 2007, 24(11): 95~98
11郑碧娜,吴敏.一种基于立体像对稠密匹配的三维重建方法.中国体视学与图像分析. 2009, 14(2): 187~190
12 Frederic Baudemont, Jean-Francois Parrot. Structural Analysis of DEM by Intersection of Surface Normals in a Three-Dimensional Accumulator Space. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 2000, 38(3):1191~1198
13李青元,林宗坚,李成明.真三维GIS技术研究的现状与发展.测绘科学. 2000, 25(2): 47~50
14朱庆,李德仁.数码城市GIS的设计与实现.武汉大学学报. 2001, 26(1): 8~10
15王鹏,刘立娜. GIS中Delaunay三角网的快速建立及拓扑自动生成.测绘信息与工程, 2001(4): 24~27
16孙敏,马蔼乃,陈军.三维城市模型的研究现状评述.遥感学报. 2002, 6(2): 155~159
17万刚,陈刚,游雄.虚拟城市中地物几何建模技术的研究.测绘学报. 2002, 31(1): 60~65
18 Polis M. F, McKeown D. M, Jr. Iterative TIN Generation from Digital Elevation Models. 1992 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2002: 787~790
19 Masatoshi Mori. Integration of High Resolution(10m)DEM with Geographic Information Systems. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2004, 1(1): 53~55
20 Gabriele Gorla, Senior Member, Guillermo Sapiro. Texture Synthesis for 3D Shape Representation. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. 2003, 9(4): 512~524
21 K. Jacobsen. DEM Generation by SPOT HRS. ISPRS Congress, July, 2004
22常歌,钱曾波,黄野.城区建筑物3D景观模型建立.中国图像图形学报. 2001, 06(06): 590~593
23 Wenhan Xie, Guoqing Zhou. 3D Urban Model with True-texture Reconstruction for Decision-Making. IEEE International Conference on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2006: 1394~1397
24 Shaker et al. Conformal Surface Parameterization for Texture Mapping. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2000
25 Greg Tur. Texture Synthesis on Surface.Computer Graphics proceedings. Annual Conference Series. 2001: 347~354
26 Etienne Beauchesne, Aebastien Roy. Automatic Relighting of Overlapping Textures 3D Model. In:Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Patter Recognition, Nice, France, 2003
27 Policarpo. F, Oliveira M. M, Comba J. L. D. Real-Tim Relief Mapping on Arbitrary Polygonal Surfaces. Interactive 3D Graphics and Games (SI3D), ACM Press. 2005: 155~162
28陈柯,杜利民,赵向阳.基于三角剖分的人脸纹理映射.微计算机应用. 2007, 28(1): 1~4
29 Uccheddu F, Del Mastio A, Remondino F. Texture mapping of Flat-like 3D models. 2009 16th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing, Santorini-Hellas. 2009: 1~6
30齐敏,郝重阳,佟明安.三维地形生成及实时显示技术研究进展.中国图像图形学报. 2000, 5(4): 271~275
31 Cyrille Maire, Mihai Datcu. Earth Observation Image and DEM Information Aggregation for Realistic 3-D Visualization of Natural Landscapes.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 2005, 43 (11): 2676~2683
32 Corina Iovan, Didier Boldo, Matthieu Cord.Detection, Characterization, and Modeling Vegetation in Urban Areas from High-Resolution Aerial Imagery. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 2008, 1(3): 206~213
33张春森.基于点特征匹配的SUSAN, Harris算子比较.西安科技大学学报. 2007, 27(4): 608~611
34 Ewaryst Rafajlowicz. SUSAN Edge Detector Reinterpreted,Simplified and Modified. Multidimensional Systems, 2007: 69~74
35 Alkaabi S, Deravi F. A New Approach to Corner Extraction and Matching for Automated Image Registration.25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2005, 5: 3517~3521
36赛森,朱剑英.基于改进的SIFT特征的图像双向匹配算法.机械科学与技术. 2007, 26(9): 1179~1181
37 Schwarz G, Soccorsi M.Automated Information Extraction from High Resolution SAR Images: TerraSAR-X Interpretation Applications.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2009, 4: 677~680
38 Aixia Dou, Xiaoqing Wang. Technique of Remote Sensing Image Processing in Active Faults Survey. IEEE International Workshop on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2007: 2609~2612
39牛彦.关于透视变换的研究.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报. 2001, 13(6): 549~551
40 Saeedi P, Zwick H. Automatic Building Detection in Aerial and Satellite Images. 10th International Conference on Control,Automation, Robotics and Vision. 2009: 623~629
41 Fujii K, Arikawa T. Urban Object Reconstruction Using Airborne Laser Elevation Image and Aerial Image. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 2002, 40(10): 2234~2240
42 Lin Zhu, Shimamura H. Building Change Detection Using Aerial Images and Existing 3D Data. IEEE Urban Remote Sensing Event, 2009: 1~5
43 Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac, Roger Boyle. Image Processing,Analyzing,and Machine Vision (second edition).北京:人民邮电出版社. 2003: 351~352
44 Paparoditis N, Boudet L. Automatic Man-Made Object Extraction and 3D Scene Reconstruction from Geomatic-Images. IEEE Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event. 2007: 1~6
45 Maire C, Datcu M. Object and Topology Extraction from Remote Sensing Images. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. 2005, (2): 193~196
46 Zhen Xiong, Yun Zhang. A Novel Interest-Point-Matching Algorithm for High-resolution Satellite Images. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 2009, 47(12): 4189~4200
47 Tao Shu, Hu Deyong. Urban Land Cover Information Extraction Combining Spectral Feature and Oriented-object Analysis. IEEE Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event. 2009: 1~6
48邵振峰,李德仁.立交桥三维建模的集成方法研究.测绘信息与工程. 2003, 28(4): 1~3
49王永明.地形可视化.中国图像图形学报. 2000, 5(6): 449~454
50 Junyi Zhang, Shuqian Luo. Image~Based Texture Mapping Method in 3D Face Modeling. IEEE/ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering. 2007: 147~150
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