基于千粒重的谷物干燥水分检测装置的研究
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摘要
谷物干燥是谷物存贮的重要环节之一,它不仅关系着整个国家的粮食安全,同时也影响着其品质和加工特性。谷物水分检测装置又是干燥设备的关键部件之一。由于现有的水分检测技术具有一定的滞后性,不能适应烘干过程的在线检测,使干燥设备在水分判断上只能使用人工通过经验来完成,严重影响着谷物干燥设备自动化的水平。
     本文主要针对干燥过程中水分检测存在较大误差的问题,提出和设计一种新的水分检测方法。研究的主要内容和结论如下:
     论文在对谷物物料特性分析的基础上,结合水分检测的要求,确定了依据谷物千粒重测量谷物水分的方法;并以沿圆周均布窝眼的转轮均匀取出单粒谷物的原理设计了一种千粒重测量装置,实现了千粒重的自动测量。
     构建了水分检测的硬件系统,该测量系统采用模块结构,简化设计流程。主要包括AT89C51单片机、V/F转换模块、信号调理模块、串行通信模块、电机转速控制模块等。并对系统的相关硬件进行了选择。
     利用汇编语言和虚拟仪器技术,编写了相关程序。包括计数程序、重量采集程序和温度采集程序等。程序容易改动,控制灵活,通用性好。
     通过与千粒重对应的水分实验,获得二者之间的大量数据,利用excel、DPS等软件对数据进行曲线绘制和线性回归分析,验证了它们存在着显著相关性,并得到了函数关系式。
     本论文所构建的系统能够实现对测量信号的采集、存储及处理,显示重量值,并根据所得实验数据计算水分值,为干燥过程控制提供了依据。
     利用本论文设计的装置对四种不同的玉米品种进行了千粒重测量,结果表明其误差小于±0.5%;采用烘箱法对四种不同玉米品种千粒重水分进行了测量实验,利用excel、DPS等软件对数据进行曲线绘制和线性回归分析,得出了千粒重和水分的函数关系式。
Grain drying is an important part of grain storage, it is not only relative with the entire country's food security, but also affect its quality and processing characteristics. Grain moisture detection device is one of the key parts in drying equipment. As the existing water detection technology has a certain lag, which can not meet the online testing of drying process. The water detection can only be completed by artificial experience, which seriously restrict the automation level of drying equipments.
     Aiming at the problem of big errors in water detection, the peper presents a new method of water testing. The main contents and conclusions are as follows:
     Paper analysis on the basis of grain material, combined with water testing requirements, established the basis for measurement of grain moisture corn thousand-seed-weight method; and in uniform along the circumference of the wheel even out of socket single-grain cereal, a principle of design thousand-seed-weight measuring device, to achieve the automatic measurement of the thousand-seed-weight.
     Construction of the water testing of hardware systems, modular structure of the measuring system, simplify the design process. Include AT89C51 MCU, V / F converter module, signal conditioning module, serial communication module, motor speed control module. Related hardware and systems were selected.
     Using assembly language and virtual instrument technology to write procedures. Including the counting procedures, weight acquisition procedures and temperature measurement procedures. Programs are easy to change, flexible control, universal good. Through the corresponding experiments of thousand-seed-weight and water, gained large amounts of data, using excel, DPS and other software, to draw the data curve proceed linear regression analysis, verified the existence of their significant correlation, and obtained the functional relation.
     Construction of this thesis, the system can realize the measurement signal acquisition, storage and processing, display the weight value, calculated in accordance with the experimental data and obtained moisture, provide a basis for the drying process control. Using the device designed in this thesis, went on with four different varieties of maize thousand-seed-weight measurements. The results show that the error is less than±0.5%; using oven method to measure four different maize thousand-seed-weight and water, using excel, DPS and other software to draw the curves and proceed linear regression analysis, gained the function between thousand-seed-weight and water.
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