摘要
随着电力工业的飞速发展,电力系统容量不断增加,电网结构日益复杂和庞大,这迫切需要研究新型的电力控制装置来增强输电、配电系统的可控性和灵活性。最近十几年,FACTS装置的出现为输电的灵活性提供了有效的手段。静止无功补偿装置(如SVC、STATCOM等)在运行范围、可控性和响应速度等方面具有显著的优势,能有效地提高电力系统的传输容量并提高系统静、暂态稳定性,因此,得到越来越广泛的重视。早期,FACTS装置的研究主要集中于FACTS装置的建模、FACTS装置对电力系统稳态分析、稳定性改善等方面。最近的研究结果表明,FACTS装置的多个控制器之间可能会存在交互影响,从而破坏电力系统稳定性。文献[1]指出了UPFC中多个控制器之间的交互影响,文献[2]分析了STATCOM中交流和直流控制器之间存在的交互影响,但对于不同的FACTS控制器间可能存在的交互影响至今很少有研究结果报道。本文着力于同一系统中不同FACTS控制器间交互影响的研究,主要内容可以概括为以下几个方面:
1.简要叙述了现代电力系统面临的问题;回顾了自FACTS概念提出以来,该领域的发展状况。
2.介绍了STATCOM和SVC的基本特性和物理模型,推导建立了安装有STATCOM和SVC的单机无穷大系统的扩展Phillips-Heffron模型,并得到了相应的系统结构框图。
3.以这个单机无穷大系统为研究对象,应用相对增益矩阵(RGA,Relative GainArray)方法分析了STATCOM控制和SVC控制器之间存在着负交互影响的可能性,并通过仿真实例验证了RGA方法分析结果的正确性。
4.成功设计了一个多变量分散协调控制器来消除这种负交互影响,时域仿真结果验证了所设计的控制器的有效性。
Rising energy costs and a greater sensitivity to environment impact of a new transmission lines necessitated the search and application of new controllers to minimize losses and maximize the stable power-transmission capacity of existing lines. Flexible AC Transmission System(FACTS) technology, based on the application of a variety of new power-electronic controllers for both active and reactive power on selected lines, is becoming an integral component of modern power transmission systems.
The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the interactions among the two shunt FACTS devices, STATCOM and SVC, for voltage control on a transmission line. The contents in the paper include the following aspects:
1) The dissertation starts with an introductory review about the problems encountered in modern power systems engineering mainly on transmission systems. And Chapter 1 also contains the general introduction and benefits of different types of FACTS devices.
2) Chapter 2 outlines the principle of operation and functional operation of 2 different types of FACTS: SVC and STATCOM. In this chapter, mathematical model of a single machine infinite bus power system installed with STATCOM and SVC is derived.
3) The possibility of the negative interactions among STATCOM controllers and SVC controller in this SMIB power system is analyzed by using the RGA method, and the time-domain simulation results demonstrate the analyzed results.
4) A decentralized coordinated controller is designed to eliminate the negative interaction and stabilize the closed-loop power system. The detailed simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
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