STATCOM和SVC控制器间交互影响分析与研究
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摘要
随着电力工业的飞速发展，电力系统容量不断增加，电网结构日益复杂和庞大，这迫切需要研究新型的电力控制装置来增强输电、配电系统的可控性和灵活性。最近十几年，FACTS装置的出现为输电的灵活性提供了有效的手段。静止无功补偿装置(如SVC、STATCOM等)在运行范围、可控性和响应速度等方面具有显著的优势，能有效地提高电力系统的传输容量并提高系统静、暂态稳定性，因此，得到越来越广泛的重视。早期，FACTS装置的研究主要集中于FACTS装置的建模、FACTS装置对电力系统稳态分析、稳定性改善等方面。最近的研究结果表明，FACTS装置的多个控制器之间可能会存在交互影响，从而破坏电力系统稳定性。文献[1]指出了UPFC中多个控制器之间的交互影响，文献[2]分析了STATCOM中交流和直流控制器之间存在的交互影响，但对于不同的FACTS控制器间可能存在的交互影响至今很少有研究结果报道。本文着力于同一系统中不同FACTS控制器间交互影响的研究，主要内容可以概括为以下几个方面：
1．简要叙述了现代电力系统面临的问题；回顾了自FACTS概念提出以来，该领域的发展状况。
2．介绍了STATCOM和SVC的基本特性和物理模型，推导建立了安装有STATCOM和SVC的单机无穷大系统的扩展Phillips-Heffron模型，并得到了相应的系统结构框图。
3．以这个单机无穷大系统为研究对象，应用相对增益矩阵(RGA，Relative GainArray)方法分析了STATCOM控制和SVC控制器之间存在着负交互影响的可能性，并通过仿真实例验证了RGA方法分析结果的正确性。
4．成功设计了一个多变量分散协调控制器来消除这种负交互影响，时域仿真结果验证了所设计的控制器的有效性。
Rising energy costs and a greater sensitivity to environment impact of a new transmission lines necessitated the search and application of new controllers to minimize losses and maximize the stable power-transmission capacity of existing lines. Flexible AC Transmission System(FACTS) technology, based on the application of a variety of new power-electronic controllers for both active and reactive power on selected lines, is becoming an integral component of modern power transmission systems.
The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the interactions among the two shunt FACTS devices, STATCOM and SVC, for voltage control on a transmission line. The contents in the paper include the following aspects:
1) The dissertation starts with an introductory review about the problems encountered in modern power systems engineering mainly on transmission systems. And Chapter 1 also contains the general introduction and benefits of different types of FACTS devices.
2) Chapter 2 outlines the principle of operation and functional operation of 2 different types of FACTS: SVC and STATCOM. In this chapter, mathematical model of a single machine infinite bus power system installed with STATCOM and SVC is derived.
3) The possibility of the negative interactions among STATCOM controllers and SVC controller in this SMIB power system is analyzed by using the RGA method, and the time-domain simulation results demonstrate the analyzed results.
4) A decentralized coordinated controller is designed to eliminate the negative interaction and stabilize the closed-loop power system. The detailed simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
1．简要叙述了现代电力系统面临的问题；回顾了自FACTS概念提出以来，该领域的发展状况。
2．介绍了STATCOM和SVC的基本特性和物理模型，推导建立了安装有STATCOM和SVC的单机无穷大系统的扩展Phillips-Heffron模型，并得到了相应的系统结构框图。
3．以这个单机无穷大系统为研究对象，应用相对增益矩阵(RGA，Relative GainArray)方法分析了STATCOM控制和SVC控制器之间存在着负交互影响的可能性，并通过仿真实例验证了RGA方法分析结果的正确性。
4．成功设计了一个多变量分散协调控制器来消除这种负交互影响，时域仿真结果验证了所设计的控制器的有效性。
Rising energy costs and a greater sensitivity to environment impact of a new transmission lines necessitated the search and application of new controllers to minimize losses and maximize the stable power-transmission capacity of existing lines. Flexible AC Transmission System(FACTS) technology, based on the application of a variety of new power-electronic controllers for both active and reactive power on selected lines, is becoming an integral component of modern power transmission systems.
The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the interactions among the two shunt FACTS devices, STATCOM and SVC, for voltage control on a transmission line. The contents in the paper include the following aspects:
1) The dissertation starts with an introductory review about the problems encountered in modern power systems engineering mainly on transmission systems. And Chapter 1 also contains the general introduction and benefits of different types of FACTS devices.
2) Chapter 2 outlines the principle of operation and functional operation of 2 different types of FACTS: SVC and STATCOM. In this chapter, mathematical model of a single machine infinite bus power system installed with STATCOM and SVC is derived.
3) The possibility of the negative interactions among STATCOM controllers and SVC controller in this SMIB power system is analyzed by using the RGA method, and the time-domain simulation results demonstrate the analyzed results.
4) A decentralized coordinated controller is designed to eliminate the negative interaction and stabilize the closed-loop power system. The detailed simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
引文
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[13] 戴文升．灵活交流输电系统及其应用．机电信息，2003 No 38：29～30
[14] 何大愚．柔性交流输电技术和用户电力技术的新进展．电力系统自动化，1999，23(6)：8～13
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[24] 顾晓荣，方勇杰，薛禹胜．柔性交流输电系统稳定控制综述．电力系统自动化，1999，23(12)：50～53
[25] 吴捷，刘水强，陈经．现代控制技术在电力系统控制中的应用．中国电机工程学报，1998，18(6)：377～386
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[29] 陈建业，王仲鸿等．新型静止无功发生器(ASVG)的研究现状．清华大学学报，1997(7)
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[31] 卢强，王仲鸿，韩英锋．输电系统最优挖制．北京：科学出版社，1983
[32] 范玲玲，李乃油，王海风等．可按串联电容补偿装置阻尼电力系统低频振荡分析．电网技术，1998，22(1)：35～39
[33] 吴捷．刘水强，陈巍．现代控制技术在电力系统控制中的应用(一)．中国电机工程学报，1998，18(6)：377～382
[34] 于占勋，陈学允．用于静止无功补偿器的变结构控制器的设计．电网技术，1997，21(10)：1～3
[35] 卢强，孙元章．输电系统非线性控制．北京：科学出版社，1993
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[37] 郭强．吕世荣，刘晓鹏，等．用于提高暂态稳定性的可控串联补偿电容非线性控制器．电网技术，1998，22(1)：40～42
[38] 李东海．姜学智，李立勤，等，逆系统方法在电力系统控制中的应用．电网技术，1997，21(7)：10～13
[39] 罗春雷，孙洪波，徐国禹．结合主导特征值法的变结构控制及其应用．电网技术，1998，22(1)：49～51
[40] 田立军，郭雷，陈珩．H~∞电力系统稳定器的设计．中国电机工程学报，1999，19(3)：59～62
[41] Rios M, Hadjsaid N, Feuillet R, et al. Power system stability robustness evaluation by u analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power System. 1999, 14(2): 648～653
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1311～1316
[43] Djukanoic M, khammash M, Vittal V. Application of structured singular value theory for robust stability and control analysis in multimachine power systems Part-Ⅱ: Framework development. IEEE Trans. on Power System, 1998, 13(4): 1311～1316
[44] 戴先中，刘军，唐勇，等．可控串联电容补偿装置的神经网络α阶逆系统挖制．中国电机工程学报，1999，19(2)：56～60
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[2] Wang.H.F. Interactions and multivariable design of STATCOM AC and DC voltage control. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems. 2003, 25(5): 387～394
[3] 王锡凡，方万良，杜正春．现代电力系统分析．北京：科学出版社．2003
[4] Hingorani N G, Narain G Power Electronics in Electric Utilities: Role of Power Electronics in Future Power Systems. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1987, 76(4)
[5] The FACTS Terms & Definitions Task Force of the FACTS Working Group of the DC and FACTS Subcommittee. Proposed Terms and Definitions for Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol.12, No.4, pp. 1848-1853, Oct 1997
[6] 王海风，李乃湖，陈衍，唐国庆，F.Swift．静止无功补偿器阻尼电力系统振(上)--研究实例．中国电机工程学报，1996，16(3)：190～195
[7] DeMello F P, Concordia C. Concepts of Synchronous Machine Stability as Affected by Excitation Control. IEEE Trans on PAS, 1969,(3)
[8] Wang.H.F, et al. Stabilization of Power Systems by Governor-turbine Control. Electric Power and Energy Systems. 1993,15(3)
[9] 何大愚．柔性交流输电系统概念研究的新发展．电网技术，1997，21(2)：9～14
[10] 孙元章，刘前进．FACTS控制技术综述——模型，目标与策略．电力系统自动化，1999，23(6)：1～7
[11] 王宝华，杨成梧．FACTS稳定控制策略综述．电力自动化设备，2000，20(2)：50～53
[12] 王仲鸿，沈斐，吴铁铮．FACTS技术研究现状及其在中国的应用与发展．电力系统自动化，2000，24(23)：1～5
[13] 戴文升．灵活交流输电系统及其应用．机电信息，2003 No 38：29～30
[14] 何大愚．柔性交流输电技术和用户电力技术的新进展．电力系统自动化，1999，23(6)：8～13
[15] 李海峰，李乃湖．FACTS装置用于电力系统稳定控制的综述．电力系统自动化，1998，22(9)：31～37
[16] 陈辉祥．灵活交流输电技术的发展及其应用．广东电力，2002，15(6)：11～14
[17] 姜齐荣，王强，韩英绎．ASVG的建模与控制．清华大学学报，1997，37(7)：21～25
[18] The Electric Power Research Institute(EPRI) Report TR-109969, Analysis of Control Interaction on FACTS Assisted Power Systems, Final Report. Palo Alto, CA, January 1998
[19] L.A.S.Pilotto,W.W.Ping,A.R.Carvalho,W.F.Long,F.L.Alvarado,C.L.DeMarco,an d Edris, Coordinated Design of FACTS Controllers to Enhance Power System Dynamic Performance, Presented at International Colloquium on HVDC and FACTS, Johannesburg, South Africa, September 1997
[20] 高景德，王祥衍，李发海，等．交流电机及其系统结构分析．北京：清华
大学出版社．1993
[21] 刘峰云．我国电力系统中引进SVC的一些运行情况．能源部电力科学研究所，1990年10月
[22] Leha P W, Iravani M R Experimental evaluation of STATCOM closed loop dynamics. IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, 1998,13(4): 1378～1374
[23] Hochgraf C, Lasseter R H. STATCOM controls for operation with unbalanced voltage. IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, 1998, 13(2): 538～544
[24] 顾晓荣，方勇杰，薛禹胜．柔性交流输电系统稳定控制综述．电力系统自动化，1999，23(12)：50～53
[25] 吴捷，刘水强，陈经．现代控制技术在电力系统控制中的应用．中国电机工程学报，1998，18(6)：377～386
[26] Dillon T, Pund H et al. Transmission capacity in power networks. Survey Paper 1, Proceedings of 12th PSCC,1996, Dresden
[27] K.R.Paditar, R.K.Varme et al. Damping torque analysis of static var system controllers. IEEE Transactions on Power System, 6(2), May 1991: 458-465
[28] Bristol, E. On a new measure of interaction for multivariable process control. IEEE Trans. Auto. Control AC-Ⅱ, 1966, JAN. 133～134
[29] 陈建业，王仲鸿等．新型静止无功发生器(ASVG)的研究现状．清华大学学报，1997(7)
[30] E.Z.Zhou. Application of ststic var comperndators to increase Power System Damping. IEEE Transactions on Power System, May 1993: 655～663
[31] 卢强，王仲鸿，韩英锋．输电系统最优挖制．北京：科学出版社，1983
[32] 范玲玲，李乃油，王海风等．可按串联电容补偿装置阻尼电力系统低频振荡分析．电网技术，1998，22(1)：35～39
[33] 吴捷．刘水强，陈巍．现代控制技术在电力系统控制中的应用(一)．中国电机工程学报，1998，18(6)：377～382
[34] 于占勋，陈学允．用于静止无功补偿器的变结构控制器的设计．电网技术，1997，21(10)：1～3
[35] 卢强，孙元章．输电系统非线性控制．北京：科学出版社，1993
[36] 王宝华，邹云，杨成梧．TCSC的非线性控制策略研究．南京电力高等专科学校学报，1999，11(4)：1～5
[37] 郭强．吕世荣，刘晓鹏，等．用于提高暂态稳定性的可控串联补偿电容非线性控制器．电网技术，1998，22(1)：40～42
[38] 李东海．姜学智，李立勤，等，逆系统方法在电力系统控制中的应用．电网技术，1997，21(7)：10～13
[39] 罗春雷，孙洪波，徐国禹．结合主导特征值法的变结构控制及其应用．电网技术，1998，22(1)：49～51
[40] 田立军，郭雷，陈珩．H~∞电力系统稳定器的设计．中国电机工程学报，1999，19(3)：59～62
[41] Rios M, Hadjsaid N, Feuillet R, et al. Power system stability robustness evaluation by u analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power System. 1999, 14(2): 648～653
[42] Djukanoic M, khammash M, Vittal V. Application of structured singular value theory for robust stability and control analysis in multimachine power systems Part-Ⅰ: Framework development. IEEE Trans. on Power System, 1998,13(4):
1311～1316
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