UPFC多目标控制器设计及其对电力系统影响的研究
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摘要
灵活交流输电系统(FACTS)利用大功率电力电子器件来改善电力系统输电性能,作为其典型代表——统一潮流控制器(UPFC)能够同时或分别调节传输线路的阻抗、相角和电压,从而在不影响系统稳定性的前提下,提高线路传输功率能力,改善电压质量。论文就如何实现UPFC的多目标控制这一课题在以下几个方面展开了深入研究：
首先简要阐述了灵活交流输电系统的基本概念和分类,重点讨论了统一潮流控制器的结构、工作原理、动稳态数学模型以及在控制策略、物理结构及其装置研制和应用等方面的研究现状。
其次,使用传统的比例-积分(PI)控制策略,分别对UPFC的串、并联两侧进行控制器设计。串联侧等效注入电压的横分量用来控制线路有功功率,纵分量用来控制线路的无功功率；并联侧等效注入电流的横分量用来控制接入节点电压幅值,纵分量用来控制UPFC公用直流电容电压。利用MATLAB软件编程对含UPFC的单机无穷大系统进行潮流调节和暂态稳定的仿真。仿真结果表明UPFC具有快速调节线路有功、无功潮流,稳定接入点母线电压和提高系统暂态稳定性的功能。
接着,综述目前研究UPFC安装位置的常用方法。利用线路有功潮流性能指数的概念,由UPFC控制参数对输电线路有功过负荷能力产生影响的灵敏度因子来确定UPFC的最佳安装位置；以经济收益最大为目标来确定UPFC的容量。将该方法用于分析IEEE14节点中UPFC安装位置和容量大小,与常用的优化算法相比,该方法更为简单,效率更高。
最后,将UPFC的多目标控制器的设计问题转化为一个多目标优化问题,采用量子遗传算法优化控制器参数。为验证算法的有效性,与传统的遗传算法比较,对测试函数的仿真结果表明,量子遗传算法具有种群小、快速收敛的优点。对所设计的控制器进行时域仿真,验证UPFC的多目标控制功能。
High power electronic devices are used in Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) to improve the performance of power system. As a typical representative, Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) can concurrently or selectively control the impedance, the phase angle and the voltage of the transmission line. It can also improve transmission line capacity and voltage quality without affecting the stability of power system.
First of all, the thesis introduces the basic concepts of FACTS, focusing on the researches which contain the structure, working principle, steady and dynamic mathematical models, control strategies and applications of UPFC.
Second, the traditional proportional-integral (PI) control strategy is used. The series part of the UPFC is mainly used to control the real power and reactive power of the transmission line. The shunt part of the UPFC is used to control the public DC capacitor voltage and the node voltage where the UPFC is connected. The time domain simulations of the single machine infinite system with UPFC are presented by MATLAB. The simulation results show that UPFC has quick adjustment in changing active and reactive power flow, and also can maintain the bus voltage and improve the transient stability of the system.
Third, use the real power flow performance index to find the optimal location of UPFC in multi-machine system. And then select the capacity of UPFC with the objective of gaining maximum economic benefits.
Finally, the design of the UPFC multi-objective controller based on Quantum Genetic Algorithm (QGA) is showed. The QGA has advantages in smaller populations and faster convergence. The time domain simulation results verify the functions of this controller.
首先简要阐述了灵活交流输电系统的基本概念和分类,重点讨论了统一潮流控制器的结构、工作原理、动稳态数学模型以及在控制策略、物理结构及其装置研制和应用等方面的研究现状。
其次,使用传统的比例-积分(PI)控制策略,分别对UPFC的串、并联两侧进行控制器设计。串联侧等效注入电压的横分量用来控制线路有功功率,纵分量用来控制线路的无功功率；并联侧等效注入电流的横分量用来控制接入节点电压幅值,纵分量用来控制UPFC公用直流电容电压。利用MATLAB软件编程对含UPFC的单机无穷大系统进行潮流调节和暂态稳定的仿真。仿真结果表明UPFC具有快速调节线路有功、无功潮流,稳定接入点母线电压和提高系统暂态稳定性的功能。
接着,综述目前研究UPFC安装位置的常用方法。利用线路有功潮流性能指数的概念,由UPFC控制参数对输电线路有功过负荷能力产生影响的灵敏度因子来确定UPFC的最佳安装位置；以经济收益最大为目标来确定UPFC的容量。将该方法用于分析IEEE14节点中UPFC安装位置和容量大小,与常用的优化算法相比,该方法更为简单,效率更高。
最后,将UPFC的多目标控制器的设计问题转化为一个多目标优化问题,采用量子遗传算法优化控制器参数。为验证算法的有效性,与传统的遗传算法比较,对测试函数的仿真结果表明,量子遗传算法具有种群小、快速收敛的优点。对所设计的控制器进行时域仿真,验证UPFC的多目标控制功能。
High power electronic devices are used in Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) to improve the performance of power system. As a typical representative, Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) can concurrently or selectively control the impedance, the phase angle and the voltage of the transmission line. It can also improve transmission line capacity and voltage quality without affecting the stability of power system.
First of all, the thesis introduces the basic concepts of FACTS, focusing on the researches which contain the structure, working principle, steady and dynamic mathematical models, control strategies and applications of UPFC.
Second, the traditional proportional-integral (PI) control strategy is used. The series part of the UPFC is mainly used to control the real power and reactive power of the transmission line. The shunt part of the UPFC is used to control the public DC capacitor voltage and the node voltage where the UPFC is connected. The time domain simulations of the single machine infinite system with UPFC are presented by MATLAB. The simulation results show that UPFC has quick adjustment in changing active and reactive power flow, and also can maintain the bus voltage and improve the transient stability of the system.
Third, use the real power flow performance index to find the optimal location of UPFC in multi-machine system. And then select the capacity of UPFC with the objective of gaining maximum economic benefits.
Finally, the design of the UPFC multi-objective controller based on Quantum Genetic Algorithm (QGA) is showed. The QGA has advantages in smaller populations and faster convergence. The time domain simulation results verify the functions of this controller.
引文
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